{"id":724,"date":"2023-06-06T00:25:15","date_gmt":"2023-06-05T22:25:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=724"},"modified":"2023-06-03T04:33:46","modified_gmt":"2023-06-03T02:33:46","slug":"mapy-piri-reise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2023\/06\/06\/mapy-piri-reise\/","title":{"rendered":"Mapy Piri Reise"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Dokumenty byly objeveny v pal\u00e1ci <em>Topkapi<\/em> v <em>Istanbulu<\/em><\/strong><em><!--more--><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>&#8222;Kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f stanula nad dne\u0161n\u00ed K\u00e1hirou a zam\u00ed\u0159ila objektiv kamery kolmo dol\u016f. Po vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u00edmku se na fotografii objevily celkem nezkreslen\u00e9 tvary v\u0161eho, co se nach\u00e1zelo do vzd\u00e1lenosti asi 8000 kilometr\u016f od st\u0159edu zorn\u00e9ho pole. \u010c\u00edm d\u00e1le od n\u011bho v\u0161ak jsou obrysy zem\u00ed a kontinent\u016f zkreslen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sc\u00e9na, kterou popsal <em>Erich von D\u00e4niken<\/em> (1) ve sv\u00e9 knize <em>\u201eVzpom\u00ednky na budoucnost\u201c<\/em> (2) se stala p\u0159ed tis\u00edci nebo mili\u00f3ny lety.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fkazem pro to jsou mapy tureck\u00e9ho admir\u00e1la <strong><em>Piri ibn Had\u017ei Mehmed<\/em><\/strong> (3) ze \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Mapy, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed nejen Evropu, z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriku, Atlantsk\u00fd oce\u00e1n, v\u00fdchodn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed USA a \u010detn\u00e9 ostrovy.<\/p>\n<p>Dokumenty byly objeveny v pal\u00e1ci Topkapi v Istanbulu v roce 1929, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bn na muzeum. Je to sou\u010d\u00e1st mapy sv\u011bta, ale dv\u011b t\u0159etiny jsou ztraceny.<\/p>\n<p>Fragment, kter\u00fd se zachoval, je zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako mapy Piri Reise (Reis znamen\u00e1 admir\u00e1l). Je na gazel\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei, 90 cm dlouh\u00e9 a 65 cm \u0161irok\u00e9, uprost\u0159ed je Atlantik. Nejv\u00edce zar\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed je, \u017ee americk\u00e9 ji\u017en\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed soused\u00ed s pob\u0159e\u017e\u00edm, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed Antarktid\u011b, kter\u00e1 byla objevena a\u017e roku 1819. Z\u00e1znamy uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee autorem map je admir\u00e1l Piri, a vytvo\u0159il je v roce 919 po hid\u017e\u0159e, tedy roku 1513 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho letopo\u010dtu, na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159edchoz\u00edch map.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-725 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/zaz_Mapy-Piri-Reise1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"403\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/zaz_Mapy-Piri-Reise1.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/zaz_Mapy-Piri-Reise1-223x300.jpg 223w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Mapa <em>Piri Reise<\/em> je jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch, kter\u00e1 ukazuje <em>Ameriku.<\/em> Proslulou se stala d\u00edky kartografovi <em>Arlingtonu H. Mallery<\/em> a americk\u00e9mu historikovi <strong><em>Charlesi H. Hapgoodovi<\/em><\/strong> (4), kte\u0159\u00ed mapu studovali v polovin\u011b 50. let 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><em>Mallery<\/em> uvedl, \u017ee postaven\u00ed Afriky a Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky je na map\u011b velmi p\u0159esn\u00e9 a je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bna Antarktida. Podle tehdej\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1zor\u016f byla Antarktida pokryta ledem 14 milion\u016f let. (ve skute\u010dnosti do\u0161lo k zaledn\u011bn\u00ed a\u017e p\u0159ed 12.000 lety, co\u017e bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno v roce 1957).<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 sou\u010dasn\u011b <em>Hapgood,<\/em> profesor na st\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzit\u011b <em>Keene<\/em> v New Hampshire, p\u0159i\u0161el k podobn\u00fdm z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm po prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed mapy &#8222;bez p\u0159edsudk\u016f&#8220;, a upozornil na horsk\u00fd h\u0159eben, kter\u00fd ozna\u010dil jako Andy. Ale jak mohla mapa zachytit Andy v roce 1513, kdy\u017e je <em>Pizarro<\/em> objevil a\u017e v roce 1527?<\/p>\n<p>Podle <em>Hapgooda<\/em> muselo b\u00fdt pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed <em>Antarktidy<\/em> bez ledu zji\u0161t\u011bno o mnoho let d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e to <em>Piri Reis<\/em> zakreslil, a n\u011bk\u00fdm, kdo byl schopen l\u00e9tat.<\/p>\n<p>Tento z\u00e1v\u011br byl propagov\u00e1n <em>Louis Pauwelsem<\/em> (5) a <em>Jacques Bergierem<\/em> (6) v knize <em>Jitro kouzeln\u00edk\u016f<\/em> (7):<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8222;Jde o kopie je\u0161t\u011b star\u0161\u00edch map? Nakreslen\u00fdch na z\u00e1klad\u011b pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed konan\u00fdch na palub\u011b letadla nebo meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00edho stroje? Jsou to pozn\u00e1mky, u\u010din\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky p\u0159i\u0161l\u00fdmi zven\u010d\u00ed?&#8220;<\/em> ptaj\u00ed se auto\u0159i spolu s nad\u0161enci n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f z jin\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f v d\u00e1vn\u00e9 minulosti u\u017e 50 let.<\/p>\n<p>Zast\u00e1nci t\u00e9to verze argumentuj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee mapa Piri Reis je ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed svou p\u0159esnost\u00ed. Von D\u00e4niken tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee byla pou\u017eita za pomoci l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edch stroj\u016f, \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch mimozem\u0161\u0165any, vyd\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se a pokl\u00e1d\u00e1ny za bohy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ztracen\u00fd kontinent<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Je t\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee i p\u0159esn\u00e9 mapy byly vytvo\u0159eny i bez l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edch stroj\u016f, a p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e ty prvn\u00ed v\u016fbec vzl\u00e9tly. Letadla tedy nejsou podm\u00ednkou pro vznik map.<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8222;Nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 do tvorby map zapojovat kosmonauty \u010di nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 civilizace p\u0159ed dobou ledovou, abychom vysv\u011btlili tajemstv\u00ed map Piri Reise,&#8220;<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 knize \u201e<em>Astronauti starov\u011bku<\/em>\u201c (8) historik <em>William H. Stiebing, Jr.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Podle tohoto autora, tureck\u00fd n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk zobrazil to, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v pozn\u00e1mce pod \u010darou \u2013 jde o kompilace na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159edchoz\u00edch map.<\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u00fd n\u00e1zor m\u00e1 kartograf <em>Gregory C. McIntosh<\/em> ve sv\u00e9 knize \u201e<em>The Piri Reis map of 1513.<\/em>\u201c (Mapa Piri Reise z roku 1513). (9)<\/p>\n<p>Ale kde se vzala Antarktida bez ledu, Andy, mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 geografick\u00e1 p\u0159esnost, jak o tom p\u00ed\u0161e <em>Hapgood<\/em> v knize <em>\u201eMaps of the ancient sea kings\u201c (Mapy starov\u011bk\u00fdch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f<\/em>, 1966)? (10)<\/p>\n<p>St\u0159\u00edzliv\u00fd a podrobn\u00fd pohled na mapu odhal\u00ed \u0159adu probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 se neshoduj\u00ed s tvrzen\u00edm o p\u0159esnosti Piri Reisovy mapy:<\/p>\n<p>Chyb\u00ed Magellanova \u00fa\u017eina a Tich\u00fd oce\u00e1n, jin\u00fd je tvar Panamy, Mexick\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu a chyb\u00ed poloostrov Florida a Karibsk\u00e9 ostrovy. \u00dadajn\u00e9 \u201eAndy\u201c zasahuj\u00ed do poloviny Amazonie a na jihu nedosahuj\u00ed a\u017e do La Paz, chyb\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1500 kilometr\u016f mo\u0159e od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky k Antarktid\u011b&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>A v\u016fbec, je to, co je na map\u011b, skute\u010dn\u011b Antarktida? Ji\u017en\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed na map\u011b <em>Hapgood<\/em> p\u0159isoudil k zamrzl\u00e9mu kontinentu, ten je v\u0161ak spojen s Ji\u017en\u00ed Amerikou na v\u00fdchod od Rio de la Plata.<\/p>\n<p>Nad\u0161enci ov\u0161em podot\u00fdkaj\u00ed, \u017ee v dob\u011b, kdy byla Antarktida bez ledu, mohl b\u00fdt reli\u00e9f pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed kontinent\u016f jin\u00fd ne\u017e dnes. To je jist\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9, jist\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee Antarktida byla s Ji\u017en\u00ed Amerikou spojena naposledy v druhohor\u00e1ch p\u0159ed 65 mil. lety, to v\u0161ak ale Atlantsk\u00fd oce\u00e1n nevypadal takto.<br \/>\nPodle dal\u0161\u00edho n\u00e1zoru nejde o Antarktidu, ale o pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky, ov\u0161em zahnut\u00e9 tak, aby se ve\u0161la na k\u016f\u017ei. (obr.2)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-726\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/zaz_Mapy-Piri-Reise2-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/zaz_Mapy-Piri-Reise2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/zaz_Mapy-Piri-Reise2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/zaz_Mapy-Piri-Reise2.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>A co Andy? Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee hory byly n\u011bkdy malov\u00e1ny st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdmi a renesan\u010dn\u00edmi kartografy na kontinentech v n\u00e1hodn\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, kde je napadlo. A zde se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 trefili.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159id\u00e1me-li k tomu v\u00fdskyt fiktivn\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at, je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee mapa <em>Piri Reise<\/em>, sice \u010derp\u00e1 z map po objeven\u00ed Ameriky Kolumbem, ale v\u0161e ostatn\u00ed jsou p\u0159edstavy \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed a d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mapy, kter\u00e9 ho inspirovaly.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>(1) <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniken\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniken<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>(2) D\u00e4niken, von, E.: Vzpom\u00ednky na budoucnost. (Chariots Gods, 1968, \u010desky 1969), s. 25<\/em><br \/>\n<em>(3) <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piri_Reis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piri_Reis<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>(4) <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Hapgood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Hapgood<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>(5) <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_Pauwels\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_Pauwels<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>(6) <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jacques_Bergier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jacques_Bergier<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>(7) Louis Pauwels &#8211; Jacques Bergier: Jitro kouzeln\u00edk\u016f. (1960, \u010desky 1969, 1990 <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(8) William H. Stiebing,Jr.: Ancient Astronauts, Cosmic Collisions and Other Popular Theories about Man&#8217;s Past. Buffalo, New York, 1984 <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(9) Gregory C. McIntosh: The Piri Reis map of 1513. (Mapa Piri Reise z roku 1513), 2000 <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(10) Hapgood, Ch.: Maps of the ancient sea kings. (Mapy starov\u011bk\u00fdch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f), 1966<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dokumenty byly objeveny v pal\u00e1ci Topkapi v Istanbulu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":560,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[22,40],"class_list":["post-724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-jizni-amerika","tag-nalezy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/724","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=724"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/724\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":727,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/724\/revisions\/727"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=724"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=724"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=724"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}