{"id":703,"date":"2023-06-03T00:11:43","date_gmt":"2023-06-02T22:11:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=703"},"modified":"2023-06-03T02:22:22","modified_gmt":"2023-06-03T00:22:22","slug":"co-dokaze-panika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2023\/06\/03\/co-dokaze-panika\/","title":{"rendered":"Co dok\u00e1\u017ee panika?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Mar\u0165an\u00e9 napadli Zemi 30. \u0159\u00edjna 1938<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1sledn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza dopad\u016f rozhlasov\u00e9ho vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed rozhlasov\u00e9 hry <em>V\u00e1lka sv\u011bt\u016f<\/em> uvedla, \u017ee 1,7 milion\u016f Ameri\u010dan\u016f uv\u011b\u0159ilo v jejich p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, na konci 90. let 20. stolet\u00ed sociolog <em>Robert E. Bartholomew<\/em> z <em>Univerzity Jamese Cooka<\/em> prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee panika nebyla tak rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-704\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/zaz_co_dokaze_panika1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"198\" height=\"265\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Dramatizace <em>V\u00e1lky sv\u011bt\u016f<\/em> v re\u017eii <em>Orsona Wellese<\/em> a <em>Divadla Merkuria<\/em> pro CBS byla tradi\u010dn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1na za jeden z miln\u00edk\u016f v historii masov\u00e9 komunikace, demonstrace velk\u00e9 s\u00edly r\u00e1dia v roce 1938.<\/p>\n<p>Schopnosti re\u017eis\u00e9ra a spisovatele, p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 hereck\u00e9 v\u00fdkony a n\u011bkter\u00e9 dnes primitivn\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed efekty p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dily pr\u00fd stovky tis\u00edc <em>Ameri\u010dan\u016f<\/em> o \u017eiv\u00e9m popisu mimozemsk\u00e9 invaze.<\/p>\n<p><em>V\u00e1lka sv\u011bt\u016f<\/em> od <em>Orsona Wellese<\/em> byla adaptac\u00ed rom\u00e1nu <em>Herberta G. Wellse<\/em>, publikov\u00e9ho v roce 1898. Rom\u00e1n se tak\u00e9 do\u010dkal zfilmov\u00e1n\u00ed <em>Stevenem Spielbergem<\/em> v roce 2005.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-705\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/zaz_co_dokaze_panika2-244x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"244\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/zaz_co_dokaze_panika2-244x300.jpg 244w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/zaz_co_dokaze_panika2.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 244px) 100vw, 244px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>P\u016fvodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o \u00fatoku z <em>Marsu<\/em> na viktori\u00e1nskou <em>Anglii<\/em> a popsal \u00fato\u010dn\u00edky jako zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u011b vypadaj\u00edc\u00ed bytosti se slintaj\u00edc\u00edmi \u00fasty ve tvaru V, velk\u00fdma o\u010dima, chapadly, d\u00fdchac\u00edmi pot\u00ed\u017eemi a pomal\u00fdmi pohyby. Cizinci proch\u00e1zeli krajinou a v\u0161echno ni\u010dili.<\/p>\n<p><em>Orson Welles<\/em> pova\u017eoval p\u016fvodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh pro americk\u00e9ho poslucha\u010de za p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nudn\u00fd a tak zm\u011bnil jak m\u00edsto d\u011bje, a nav\u00edc jej um\u00edstil do skute\u010dn\u00fdch ulic, v\u0161eobecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch m\u00edst a budov.<\/p>\n<p>Um\u00edstil tedy m\u00edsto d\u011bje a invazi do <em>Grovers Mill<\/em> (New Jersey, USA). Tam p\u0159ist\u00e1la prvn\u00ed kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f z Marsu. Invaze p\u0159eru\u0161ila koncert a po zmaten\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch o z\u00e1blesc\u00edch, ohni a exploz\u00edch hlasatel \u0159ekl: <em>&#8222;Nem\u016f\u017eeme pokra\u010dovat v na\u0161em p\u0159enosu z Grovers Mill.&#8220;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Do programu vstoupili vojen\u0161t\u00ed \u010dinitel\u00e9, v\u011bdci a dokonce i st\u00e1tn\u00ed tajemn\u00edk, aby ozn\u00e1mil <em>&#8222;v\u00e1\u017enost situace&#8220;,<\/em> a po\u017e\u00e1dali ob\u010dany, aby z\u016fstali v klidu a spolupracovali s org\u00e1ny, zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edmi se bojem s <em>\u201eimpozantn\u00edm nep\u0159\u00edtelem.\u201c<\/em> To v\u0161e, spolu s vystoupen\u00edm fiktivn\u00edch \u010dinitel\u016f, ud\u011blalo p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh v\u011brohodn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>&#8222;Mus\u00edme udr\u017eet svou v\u00edru v Boha, ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s mus\u00ed i nad\u00e1le plnit sv\u00e9 povinnosti, dokud se m\u016f\u017eeme br\u00e1nit, aby nep\u0159\u00edtele zni\u010dil sjednocen\u00fd n\u00e1rod, odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd a oddan\u00fd pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 nad\u0159azenosti na t\u00e9to Zemi.&#8220;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>&#8222;Poslucha\u010di byli vyd\u011b\u0161eni a hru pochopili jako skute\u010dnou v\u00e1lku,&#8220;<\/em> napsal 31. \u0159\u00edjna 1938 <em>The New York Times<\/em> a zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee mnoho lid\u00ed se sna\u017eilo uprchnout p\u0159ed \u00fatokem z Marsu a policie byla zahlcena telefon\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-706\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/zaz_co_dokaze_panika3-232x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/zaz_co_dokaze_panika3-232x300.jpg 232w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/zaz_co_dokaze_panika3.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Odborn\u00edci z <em>University v Princetonu<\/em>, kte\u0159\u00ed po uveden\u00ed po\u0159adu analyzovali situaci, uvedli, \u017ee atmosf\u00e9ru zes\u00edlili panik\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed tvrdili, \u017ee vid\u011bli plameny na bitevn\u00edm poli, c\u00edtili bojov\u00fd plyn a sly\u0161eli zvuk st\u0159elby.<\/p>\n<p>Sociologov\u00e9 dnes poukazuj\u00ed na s\u00edlu m\u00e9di\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ani tak nezp\u016fsobila davovou psych\u00f3zu, ale stala se tv\u016frcem m\u00fdtu, \u017ee velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st obyvatelstva vzala v\u00e1\u017en\u011b mimozemskou invazi.<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8222;Nicm\u00e9n\u011b nov\u00e9 \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed paniky, jak bylo pops\u00e1no po ud\u00e1losti, bylo zna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ehnan\u00e9,&#8220;<\/em> \u0159ekl <em>Bartolomew,<\/em> kter\u00fd p\u0159ipustil, \u017ee <em>&#8222;nen\u00ed pochyb o tom, \u017ee mnoz\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 byli opravdu vyd\u011b\u0161en\u00ed.&#8220;<\/em> Mar\u0165an\u00e9 vyd\u011bsili mnoho poslucha\u010d\u016f, ale nikoli 1,2 milionu, ale pouh\u00e9 tis\u00edce.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoho lid\u00ed dosud v\u011b\u0159ilo ve <em>V\u00e1lku sv\u011bt\u016f<\/em> podle toho, jak byla prezentov\u00e1na. Faktem v\u0161ak je, \u017ee v pr\u016fb\u011bhu po\u0159adu \u0161ly \u010dty\u0159i reklamy, kter\u00e9 jasn\u011b uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee jde o fikci. Nav\u00edc v z\u00e1v\u011bru <em>Orson Welles<\/em> p\u0159ipomn\u011bl, \u017ee je to v\u0161echno vtip na <em>Halloween&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mar\u0165an\u00e9 napadli Zemi 30. \u0159\u00edjna 1938<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":707,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,15],"tags":[58,33,3,38],"class_list":["post-703","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-media","category-ufo-a-aaj","tag-mimozemstane","tag-podvod","tag-ufo","tag-usa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/703","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=703"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/703\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":708,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/703\/revisions\/708"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=703"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=703"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=703"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}