{"id":577,"date":"2023-05-14T00:26:29","date_gmt":"2023-05-13T22:26:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=577"},"modified":"2023-05-14T22:43:06","modified_gmt":"2023-05-14T20:43:06","slug":"udalo-se-zjeveni-v-guadelupe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2023\/05\/14\/udalo-se-zjeveni-v-guadelupe\/","title":{"rendered":"Ud\u00e1lo se zjeven\u00ed v Guadelupe?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dvacet milion\u016f lid\u00ed se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b sejde v bazilice Santa Maria de Guadalupe<\/em>, nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed svatyni k\u0159es\u0165anstva v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Obraz Panny Marie<\/em> je uct\u00edv\u00e1n jako jeden z pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f mexick\u00e9 kultury a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, jako p\u0159\u00edkladn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a nacionalismu.<\/p>\n

„Nelze ch\u00e1pat Mexiko bez Guadalupe,“<\/em> \u0159ekl m\u00edstn\u00ed kardin\u00e1l, Monsignor Diego Monroy Ponce. Guadalupe<\/em> je zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00edm americk\u00e9 oddanosti.<\/p>\n

Jej\u00edm z\u00e1kladem byl z\u00e1zrak, ke kter\u00e9mu do\u0161lo v prvn\u00ed t\u0159etin\u011b \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Indi\u00e1n Juan Diego se stal prvn\u00edm indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdm sv\u011btcem v \u010dervenci 2002, kdy jej Jan Pavel II. kanonizoval.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Juana Diego byl uveden poprv\u00e9 ve \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 knize \u201eObr\u00e1zek Panny Marie\u201c (1648) kreolsk\u00fdm kn\u011bzem Miguel S\u00e1nchez a kn\u011bzem Luis Laso de la Vega, tedy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 a\u017e 120 let pot\u00e9, co se ud\u00e1losti m\u011bly odehr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

K zjeven\u00ed m\u011blo doj\u00edt roku 1531, deset let pot\u00e9, co si Hernan Cortes<\/em> podmanil Tenochtitlan,<\/em> azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1lo na m\u00edst\u011b dne\u0161n\u00edho Mexico City.<\/em><\/p>\n

Juan Diego<\/em>, indi\u00e1nsk\u00fd konvertita ke k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, \u0161el dol\u016f z kopce Tepeyac,<\/em> kdy\u017e se mu zjevila Panna Maria.<\/em> \u017d\u00e1dala, aby byl postaven na tomto m\u00edst\u011b chr\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Juan<\/em> \u0161el za Juanem de Zumarraga<\/em>, biskupem Nov\u00e9ho \u0160pan\u011blska<\/em>, kter\u00fd mu nev\u011b\u0159il a po\u017eadoval d\u016fkaz. Po n\u011bkolika dal\u0161\u00edch setk\u00e1n\u00edch se zjeven\u00edm Juan Diego<\/em> posb\u00edral r\u016f\u017ee, kter\u00e9 vyrostly na m\u00edst\u011b zjeven\u00ed, kde jinak nerosto nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e kaktusy, do sv\u00e9ho obleku, a kdy\u017e je vysypal u biskupa, uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee na obleku je obraz Matky Bo\u017e\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Podivuhodn\u00fd obraz<\/em><\/p>\n

Obraz Panny Marie Guadalupsk\u00e9<\/em> je na pl\u00e1\u0161ti z bavlny a konop\u00ed. Je 1,7 m vysok\u00fd a 1 m \u0161irok\u00fd a stejn\u011b jako na proslul\u00e9m Tur\u00ednsk\u00e9m pl\u00e1tn\u011b se na n\u011bj z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u011b otiskl obraz Matky Bo\u017e\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Panna<\/em> je obklopena svatoz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, s rukama sepjat\u00fdma v p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti hrudn\u00edku, s modr\u00fdm pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bm s hv\u011bzdami, a and\u011bl ji dr\u017e\u00ed zespodu. Jsou to typick\u00e9 motivy mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 ikonografie t\u00e9 doby.
\nP\u0159\u00edznivci z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu obrazu \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee o\u010di Panny Marie Guadalupsk\u00e9<\/em> poskytuj\u00ed d\u016fkaz. V roce 1929 fotograf Mexi\u010dan Alfonso Marcu\u00e9<\/em> hl\u00e1sil, \u017ee vid\u00ed hlavu mu\u017ee v jednom z nich. V roce 1962 nukle\u00e1rn\u00ed fyzik Charles Wahlig<\/em> tvrdil, \u017ee vid\u00ed dv\u011b postavy a roku 1979 Jos\u00e9 Aste-Tonsmann<\/em> po zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem zjistil v prav\u00e9m oku dokonce \u010dtrn\u00e1ct postav, v\u010detn\u011b vyobrazen\u00ed biskupa Zumarraga<\/em> a Juana Diego<\/em>! Miniatura m\u00e1 b\u00fdt velk\u00e1 asi 0,25 mm!<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1zrak?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ani hlavn\u00ed sv\u011bdek ve sv\u00e9 dob\u011b nev\u011b\u0159il v z\u00e1zrak v Guadalupe. „Vykupitel sv\u011bta nemus\u00ed d\u011blat z\u00e1zraky, proto\u017ee to nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9,“<\/em> napsal v roce 1547 Fray Juan de Zumarraga<\/em>, kter\u00fd ve sv\u00fdch spisech neuv\u00e1d\u00ed v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dnou epizodu o r\u016f\u017e\u00edch!<\/p>\n

Jako by toho nebylo dost, v roce 1556, Fray Francisco de Bustamante<\/em>, provinci\u00e1l franti\u0161k\u00e1n\u016f, b\u011bduje, \u017ee domorodci uct\u00edvaj\u00ed „obraz, kter\u00fd namaloval ned\u00e1vno Indi\u00e1n, kter\u00fd se jmenoval Mark“<\/em>, a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee l\u00e1tka d\u011bl\u00e1 z\u00e1zraky.<\/p>\n

Historici se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee cel\u00e1 epizoda je vymy\u0161len\u00e1 legenda. „Je to zbo\u017en\u00e1 fikce. Z v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159iceti dokument\u016f, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed existenci Juana Diego, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z nich neobstoj\u00ed v kritice,“<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 kn\u011bz a paleograf Stafford Poole<\/em>. Otec Manuel Olimon<\/em>, profesor na pape\u017esk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b v Mexiku a autor knihy \u201eHled\u00e1n\u00ed Juana Diega\u201c<\/em> (2002), p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee je to „poh\u00e1dka jako o Popelce.“<\/em> C\u00edlem bylo nahradit p\u016fvodn\u00edho azt\u00e9ck\u00e9ho boha Tonantzin<\/em> uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm bohyn\u011b, tedy Panny Marie<\/em>. Proto Fray Bernardino de Sahagun<\/em> v roce 1570 p\u0159ipomn\u011bl, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh v Guadalupe<\/em> pomohl p\u0159ekonat modl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Juan Diego<\/em> byl ide\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159edn\u00edkem mezi nov\u00fdm zahrani\u010dn\u00edm kultem a dom\u00e1c\u00edmi bohy.<\/p>\n

„Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161 sestupuje ze Sinaje s deskami z\u00e1kona, Juan Diego z hory Tepeyac s kv\u011btinami,“<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 historik David Brading<\/em>, b\u00fdval\u00fd \u0159editel Centra pro latinskoamerick\u00e9 studia<\/em> na univerzit\u011b v Cambridge.<\/em><\/p>\n

„V procesu svato\u0159e\u010den\u00ed byl svato\u0159e\u010den jen m\u00fdtus a symbol, ale ne \u010dlov\u011bk z masa a kost\u00ed,“<\/em> varoval Otec Olimon<\/em> pape\u017ee Jana Pavla II (Karola Wojtylu)<\/em> p\u0159ed svato\u0159e\u010den\u00edm Juana Diega.<\/em><\/p>\n

Konzerv\u00e1tor\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed zkoumali obraz Panny Marie z Guadalupe<\/em>, je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee jde o lidskou pr\u00e1ci. A historikov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed prov\u011b\u0159ili cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad, na\u0161li dokumenty Fray Alonso de Montufar, Zum\u00e1rragova n\u00e1stupce, jeho\u017e funk\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed vzniklo v mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 svatyni v Tepeyac, ze kter\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee mal\u00ed\u0159em by byl Indi\u00e1n Marcos de Aquino. Marcose uv\u00e1d\u011bl jako autora obrazu Fray Francisco de Bustamante ve sv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b m\u00edstokr\u00e1li Luisi de Velasco<\/em> dne 8.9.1556.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdroba podobn\u00fdch z\u00e1zrak\u016f by \u010desk\u00e9ho \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e, znal\u00e9ho historie, nem\u011bla nijak p\u0159ekvapovat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dvacet milion\u016f lid\u00ed se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b sejde v bazilice Santa Maria de Guadalupe, nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed svatyni k\u0159es\u0165anstva v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":579,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[72,32],"class_list":["post-577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-marianske-zjeveni","tag-stredni-amerika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=577"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/577\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":580,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/577\/revisions\/580"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}