{"id":561,"date":"2023-05-11T00:51:53","date_gmt":"2023-05-10T22:51:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=561"},"modified":"2023-05-06T21:55:27","modified_gmt":"2023-05-06T19:55:27","slug":"devata-planeta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2023\/05\/11\/devata-planeta\/","title":{"rendered":"Dev\u00e1t\u00e1 planeta?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Astrofyzikov\u00e9 zat\u00edm ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b hledaj\u00ed d\u016fkazy o existenci dev\u00e1t\u00e9 planety, ale o jej\u00ed existenci jsou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni.<\/strong><\/p>\n

A sami \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, tento lov na fantomovou planetu je pon\u011bkud d\u011bsiv\u00fd. Co m\u016f\u017eeme naj\u00edt?<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina astronom\u016f je i nad\u00e1le p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dena, \u017ee objev Dev\u00e1t\u00e9 planety, u\u010din\u011bn\u00fd b\u011bhem pouh\u00e9 jedn\u00e9 generace, si vynut\u00ed p\u0159eps\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161koln\u00edch u\u010debnic astronomie, a to i pro z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly. Kdykoli fotografujeme hv\u011bzdnou oblohu,“ \u0159ekl \u010dasopisu Quanta astronom z Tokijsk\u00e9 univerzity Surhud More, „jako by v z\u00e1b\u011bru byla planeta 9. „V\u017edycky, kdy\u017e se to stane, je to jako by se to stalo.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edm se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu teleskopu nepoda\u0159ilo objevit hypotetickou masivn\u00ed planetu Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy mimo ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu Pluta, ale astronomov\u00e9 nad\u00e1le shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy o jej\u00ed existenci.<\/p>\n

Jeden z autor\u016f t\u00e9to hypot\u00e9zy, astronom Michael Brown z Kalifornsk\u00e9ho technologick\u00e9ho institutu, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee se c\u00edt\u00ed b\u00fdt „v\u011b\u010dn\u00fdm optimistou“, proto\u017ee ji n\u011bkdo brzy objev\u00ed, nebo\u0165 existuj\u00ed v\u0161echny d\u016fvody se domn\u00edvat, \u017ee dev\u00e1t\u00e1 planeta existuje, i kdy\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e1 pro sou\u010dasn\u00e9 observato\u0159e neviditeln\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed d\u016fkazy o existenci Planety \u010d. 9 byly zve\u0159ejn\u011bny v roce 2014, kdy dva ameri\u010dt\u00ed astronomov\u00e9 Chadwick Trujillo (1973) (1) a Scott Sheppard (1977) (2) zjistili, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 ze vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch objekt\u016f Kuiperova p\u00e1su maj\u00ed argument perihelia bl\u00edzk\u00fd nule. V d\u016fsledku toho prot\u00ednaj\u00ed rovinu ekliptiky z jihu na sever p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v dob\u011b pr\u016fchodu perihelem. O n\u011bco pozd\u011bji vyslovili podobnou hypot\u00e9zu \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed astronomov\u00e9 z Madridsk\u00e9 univerzity.<\/p>\n

Brown a jeho kolega, americk\u00fd astronom rusk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, profesor planetologie na Kalifornsk\u00e9m technologick\u00e9m institutu Konstantin Batygin, o dva roky pozd\u011bji up\u0159esnili, \u017ee perturb\u00e9r (jak jej nazvali) m\u00e1 hmotnost p\u011btkr\u00e1t a\u017e dvacetkr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Zem\u011b a pohybuje se po eliptick\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze stokr\u00e1t nebo dokonce tis\u00edckr\u00e1t vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed od Slunce ne\u017e Zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

Navzdory jej\u00ed hmotnosti je velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 dev\u00e1tou planetu v temnot\u011b hlubin vesm\u00edru spat\u0159it, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee mezi n\u00e1mi a n\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost 600 astronomick\u00fdch jednotek. P\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee astronomick\u00e1 jednotka, neboli jej\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed AU, je vzd\u00e1lenost mezi Zem\u00ed a Sluncem.<\/p>\n

Vesm\u00edrn\u00ed \u0161\u00edlenci<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto Brown a Sheppard vedli t\u00fdm astronom\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed st\u00e1le doufaj\u00ed v nalezen\u00ed dev\u00e1t\u00e9 planety pomoc\u00ed optick\u00e9ho dalekohledu Subaru na observato\u0159i Mauna Kea na Havaji. D\u00edky zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu \u00fahlov\u00e9mu rozli\u0161en\u00ed m\u00e1 teleskop Subaru \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed zorn\u00e9 pole. V posledn\u00edch dvou letech se ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u00fdm astronom\u016f sna\u017e\u00ed n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f v roce prozkoumat hv\u011bzdnou oblohu. P\u0159i ide\u00e1ln\u00edm po\u010das\u00ed by to teoreticky byla dostate\u010dn\u00e1 doba na pokryt\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti oblohy.<\/p>\n

Vesm\u00edr je divn\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto Brown a Sheppard vedou t\u00fdm astronom\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se nevzd\u00e1vaj\u00ed nad\u011bje na nalezen\u00ed dev\u00e1t\u00e9 planety pomoc\u00ed optick\u00e9ho dalekohledu Subaru um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9ho na observato\u0159i Mauna Kea na Havaji. D\u00edky zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu \u00fahlov\u00e9mu rozli\u0161en\u00ed m\u00e1 dalekohled Subaru \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed zorn\u00e9 pole. V posledn\u00edch dvou letech se ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u00fdm astronom\u016f sna\u017e\u00ed n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f v roce prozkoumat hv\u011bzdnou oblohu. P\u0159i ide\u00e1ln\u00edm po\u010das\u00ed by to teoreticky sta\u010dilo na pokryt\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny z\u00e1jmov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed, ale v\u011btrn\u00e9 a zata\u017een\u00e9 noci si vy\u017e\u00e1daly \u00fapravy v\u011bt\u0161iny pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pokud se astronom\u016fm poda\u0159\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed, n\u011bjak\u00e1 n\u00e1hoda zabr\u00e1n\u00ed objeven\u00ed planety 9. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeno zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy nebo ji m\u016f\u017ee zakr\u00fdt sv\u011btlo jasn\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy. V nejhor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se tak stane v \u010d\u00e1sti jej\u00ed dr\u00e1hy, kter\u00e1 p\u0159esahuje vzd\u00e1lenost 1000 AU. A pak by bylo \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na jej\u00ed n\u00e1vrat naprosto zbyte\u010dn\u00e9. Dev\u00e1t\u00e1 planeta se vr\u00e1t\u00ed za tis\u00edc let.<\/p>\n

Proto je pot\u0159eba m\u00edt pohotovostn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny na detekci planety 9. Jedn\u00edm z n\u00e1pad\u016f je hledat tepeln\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z podobn\u00e9 planety. Podle astrofyzik\u016f bude planeta 9, kter\u00e1 je men\u0161\u00ed a chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e takov\u00fd obr, jako je Jupiter, detekov\u00e1na v milimetrov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti spektra, kter\u00e1 le\u017e\u00ed mezi infra\u010derven\u00fdm sv\u011btlem a mikrovlnami.<\/p>\n

Podle Gilberta Holdera, kosmologa z Illinoisk\u00e9 univerzity, by sou\u010dasn\u00e9 teleskopy v Antarktid\u011b a Chile mohly dev\u00e1tou planetu objevit ji\u017e dnes, pokud se odch\u00fdl\u00ed od sv\u00e9ho vyhled\u00e1vac\u00edho pole. Podle v\u011bdce neexistuje zp\u016fsob, jak Dev\u00e1tou planetu kdekoli ve vesm\u00edru ukr\u00fdt.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed ukon\u010den\u00edm mise sondy Cassini NASA prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee z\u00e1hadnou anom\u00e1lii Cassini nezp\u016fsobila \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 gravita\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ita\u017elivost \u00fadajn\u00e9 Dev\u00e1t\u00e9 planety, proto\u017ee nebyly pozorov\u00e1ny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nevysv\u011btliteln\u00e9 odchylky od dr\u00e1hy sondy. Podle astrofyzik\u016f by neobjeven\u00e1 planeta za dr\u00e1hou Neptunu ovlivnila sp\u00ed\u0161e dr\u00e1hu Saturnu ne\u017e dr\u00e1hu sondy Cassini.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 maj\u00ed „v\u011b\u010dn\u00ed optimist\u00e9“ sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem pravdu. I kdyby planeta \u010d. 9 neexistovala, p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed po n\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bje k dal\u0161\u00edm objev\u016fm. Na ja\u0159e 2017 ozn\u00e1mil t\u00fdm veden\u00fd Sheppardem objev 12 nov\u00fdch satelit\u016f plynn\u00e9ho obra Jupiteru.<\/p>\n

Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed pracuj\u00ed spolu s Brownem, objevili tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu um\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed galaxi\u00ed ve vesm\u00edru. Plyn z 11 000 galaxi\u00ed ve vesm\u00edru, kter\u00fd je surovinou pro v\u00fdrobu nov\u00fdch hv\u011bzd, je intenzivn\u011b „stahov\u00e1n“ ve v\u0161ech koutech m\u00edstn\u00edho vesm\u00edru. Kolem ka\u017ed\u00e9 galaxie ve vesm\u00edru existuje halo temn\u00e9 hmoty. Kdy\u017e galaxie proch\u00e1z\u00ed masivn\u00edm halo, m\u016f\u017ee pom\u011brn\u011b rychle ztratit zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed plynu, kter\u00fd ji vypl\u0148uje.<\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00fd d\u016fvod, pro\u010d astronomov\u00e9 tak usilovn\u011b p\u00e1traj\u00ed po Dev\u00e1t\u00e9 planet\u011b, prozradil s\u00e1m Sheppard: „Vlastn\u011b se sna\u017e\u00edme naj\u00edt n\u011bco, co n\u00e1s opravdu d\u011bs\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

(1) https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chad_Trujillo<\/a> <\/em>
\n(2) https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scott_S._Sheppard<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Astrofyzikov\u00e9 zat\u00edm ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b hledaj\u00ed d\u016fkazy o existenci dev\u00e1t\u00e9 planety, ale o jej\u00ed existenci jsou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":388,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,19],"tags":[60,59],"class_list":["post-561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veda","category-zahady","tag-planety","tag-vesmir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=561"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/561\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":562,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/561\/revisions\/562"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/388"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}