{"id":5195,"date":"2026-10-24T00:13:22","date_gmt":"2026-10-23T22:13:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=5195"},"modified":"2026-10-10T23:41:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-10T21:41:46","slug":"podivne-utvary-na-snimcich-z-marsu-43","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2026\/10\/24\/podivne-utvary-na-snimcich-z-marsu-43\/","title":{"rendered":"Podivn\u00e9 \u00fatvary na sn\u00edmc\u00edch z Marsu (43)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ulita na Marsu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na fotografi\u00edch z Marsu, zhotoven\u00fdch marsochody, na\u0161li badatel\u00e9 opravdovou ulitu, stejnou jako na Zemi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. 1 Fotografie byly po\u0159\u00edzeny p\u0159ed lety<\/em><\/p>\n

Fotografie byly po\u0159\u00edzeny v roce 2014, ale badatel\u00e9 si jich v\u0161imli a\u017e nyn\u00ed. Na fotografii je svah mal\u00e9 vyv\u00fd\u0161eniny, a svahu je \u201ep\u0159ipevn\u011bno\u201c n\u011bco, co n\u00e1padn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 pozemsk\u00e9 \u201edome\u010dek pro \u0161neky\u201c. Pokud byste nev\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee sn\u00edmek je z Marsu, mohli byste si myslet, \u017ee n\u011bkde ba Zemi na\u0161li dal\u0161\u00ed fosilii.<\/p>\n

Ulita je nejv\u00edce podobn\u00e1 amonit\u016fm. Takov\u00e9 zkamen\u011bl\u00e9 ulity se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b \u010cR, nap\u0159. v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2015 vyzvedli 80 cm ulitu ze dna \u0159eky Oh\u0159e. (1) To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee takov\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy nejsou na Zemi nic zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho. Ale na Marsu?<\/p>\n

Na Zemi \u017eili amonit\u00e9 v mo\u0159\u00edch, nesn\u00e1\u0161eli sladkou vodu. Lovili v\u0161echno \u2013 t\u00edm se podobali modern\u00ed chobotnici. Vym\u0159eli spolu s dinosaury p\u0159ed 65 miliony let. Dnes je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jist\u00e9, \u017ee velk\u00e9 vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zabilo amonity spolu s dinosaury, zp\u016fsobil p\u00e1d obrovsk\u00e9ho asteroidu. Spadl na Zemi a vyvolal obrovskou explozi. Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed, ne-li po stalet\u00ed, hust\u00e9 mraky prachu zakr\u00fdvaly Slunce. Nastal chlad. A amonity milovaly teplo. A pot\u00e9 se u\u017e teplo tak \u00fapln\u011b nevr\u00e1tilo. S p\u00e1dem asteroidu a velk\u00fdm vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm za\u010dala modern\u00ed, relativn\u011b chladn\u00e1 geologick\u00e1 \u00e9ra, pod n\u00e1zvem Cenozoic.<\/p>\n

Existuje origin\u00e1ln\u00ed hypot\u00e9za, pro\u010d tomu tak je. Dinosau\u0159i byli obrov\u0161t\u00ed tvorov\u00e9, a stopy sv\u00e9 existence v podob\u011b v\u00fdkal\u016f zanechaly tak\u00e9 obrovsk\u00e9, o hmotnosti tis\u00edc\u016f tun. Cel\u00e9 toto bohatstv\u00ed nasycovalo atmosf\u00e9ru oxidem uhli\u010dit\u00fdm, a tak bylo teplo, proto\u017ee vyvolal p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fd efekt. Zn\u00ed to neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b, ale v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b jsou v\u011bdci st\u00e1le v\u00edce p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee klima na Zemi z\u00e1vis\u00ed na biosf\u00e9\u0159e, tedy na fungov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eiv\u00fdch tvor\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. Takto vypadal kr\u00e1ter Gale ve starov\u011bku, kdy bloge\u0159i na\u0161li mar\u0165ansk\u00fd \u201eamonit\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n

A co bylo v t\u00e9 dob\u011b na Marsu? Nikdo u\u017e nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen, kdy\u017e na fotografi\u00edch z Rud\u00e9 planety vid\u00ed vysu\u0161en\u00e1 koryta \u0159ek. Pokud v \u0159ek\u00e1ch tekla voda, stejn\u011b tak v jezerech a mo\u0159\u00edch, mar\u0165ansk\u00e1 obloha byla modr\u00e1, a muselo b\u00fdt docela teplo, tedy nad 0 stup\u0148\u016f C. D\u0159\u00edve se n\u00e1m zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee Mars je velmi odli\u0161n\u00fd od Zem\u011b, ale nyn\u00ed \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l, t\u00edm v\u00edce zji\u0161\u0165ujeme, jak se n\u00e1m podob\u00e1, a hlavn\u011b podobal.<\/p>\n

Marsochody prozkoumaly lo\u017eiska p\u016fdy a zjistily, \u017ee se neli\u0161\u00ed od pozemsk\u00fdch. Na\u0161li dokonce n\u011bco jako bahno, a bahno je v podstat\u011b l\u00edhe\u0148 pro \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1lokdo pochybuje, \u017ee pouze profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed opatrnost br\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016fm v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm ozn\u00e1men\u00ed, \u017ee \u017eivot byl na Marsu alespo\u0148 v d\u00e1vn\u00e9m starov\u011bku. Ale kdy? Z\u0159ejm\u011b velmi d\u00e1vno, asi p\u0159ed 3,5 miliardami let. Kdy\u017e dinosau\u0159i na Zemi zah\u0159\u00edvali sv\u00fdm hnojem atmosf\u00e9ru, Mars u\u017e byl pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd. Pro\u010d k tomu ov\u0161em do\u0161lo – nev\u00edme. Mars je daleko od Slunce, tedy je na n\u011bm chladno, planeta je men\u0161\u00ed, udr\u017eet atmosf\u00e9ru je pro ni obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 sem tak\u00e9 padl asteroid\u2026?<\/p>\n

Pokud mar\u0165ansk\u00fd amonit nen\u00ed jen optickou iluz\u00ed, a opravdu n\u011bkdy na Marsu n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho kdysi \u017eilo, vede to k p\u0159ekvapuj\u00edc\u00ed skute\u010dnosti: \u017eivot na r\u016fzn\u00fdch planet\u00e1ch je podobn\u00fd. Kdy\u017e se ve fantastick\u00e9m filmu objev\u00ed mimozem\u0161\u0165an s rukama, nohama a hlavou, mnoz\u00ed pohrdav\u011b odseknou: \u201eTo nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9! \u010clov\u011bk se zrodil z ryze pozemsk\u00e9 opice, mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 budou ur\u010dit\u011b jin\u00ed.“<\/em><\/p>\n

A to z\u0159ejm\u011b neplat\u00ed. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee biologick\u00e1 evoluce sleduje ur\u010dit\u00e9 vzorce v\u00fdvoje, a na jin\u00fdch planet\u00e1ch se nesetk\u00e1me se zcela nepochopiteln\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00ed\u0161erami. Koneckonc\u016f, prvky, ze kter\u00fdch je \u017eivot poskl\u00e1d\u00e1n, jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9, jejich vlastnosti, fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed a chemick\u00e9 z\u00e1kony plat\u00ed na Zemi, jako na druh\u00e9m konci vesm\u00edru, \u00fapln\u011b stejn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Astrobiolog NASA David De Marais \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201eAno, mar\u0165ansk\u00e9 organismy se nejsp\u00ed\u0161e podobaly pozemsk\u00fdm. Faktem je, \u017ee Mars a Zem\u011b jsou si docela podobn\u00e9. Jsou to planety pozemsk\u00e9ho typu, a \u017eivot na obou planet\u00e1ch je zalo\u017een na b\u00e1zi uhl\u00edku a vody. Nelze stav\u011bt na ni\u010dem jin\u00e9m, bytosti, kter\u00e9 d\u00fdchaj\u00ed n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho, jsou nesmysl, fantazie.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u00e1 v\u0161ak mnoho odp\u016frc\u016f.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1le toti\u017e nev\u00edme, zda americk\u00e9 sondy na\u0161ly \u017eivot na konci 70. let nebo ne! Tehdy byl proveden jedine\u010dn\u00fd biologick\u00fd experiment. Sonda shrom\u00e1\u017edila mar\u0165anskou p\u016fdu a sledovalo se, zda to, co z n\u00ed vych\u00e1z\u00ed, je \u201edech\u201c bakteri\u00ed. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee ano, p\u016fda d\u00fdchala! Pot\u00e9 byla p\u016fda sterilizov\u00e1na (p\u0159\u00edmo na Marsu), ale ona i nad\u00e1le \u201ed\u00fdchala\u201c. Z toho vyplynul z\u00e1v\u011br – nejedn\u00e1 se o \u017eivot, ale o chemick\u00e9 reakce. Bohu\u017eel…<\/p>\n

A pokud \u017eivot v mar\u0165ansk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b existuje, jak je to mo\u017en\u00e9? P\u016fdu sterilizovalo tvrd\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed Slunce (Mars p\u0159ed n\u00edm nen\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bn). Bakterie na Marsu se s t\u00edm z\u0159ejm\u011b nau\u010dily \u017e\u00edt. Existuje jen m\u00e1lo organism\u016f na Zemi, kter\u00e9 existuj\u00ed v \u017eivotu \u201enemo\u017en\u00fdch\u201c podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, bez kysl\u00edku, v kyselin\u011b s\u00edrov\u00e9, v p\u016fdn\u00edch zlomech na dn\u011b oce\u00e1n\u016f. Je jich m\u00e1lo, ale existuj\u00ed. Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee jejich existenci na Marsu nic nebr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b u\u017e jen zb\u00fdv\u00e1 jen n\u011bkolik let, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s odd\u011bluj\u00ed od okam\u017eiku, kdy v\u011bdci z\u00edskaj\u00ed nesporn\u00e1 fakta: \u017eivot na Marsu byl a mo\u017en\u00e1 st\u00e1le je. Sice jen ve form\u011b bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed a jednoduch\u00fdch organism\u016f, ale je. A tak na Rud\u00e9 planet\u011b, jako na Zemi, mo\u017en\u00e1 \u017eily amonity. A na obou planet\u00e1ch vyhynuly. Co zbylo?<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Muzejn\u00edci vyzvedli z Oh\u0159e ob\u0159\u00ed ulity z druhohor, dolovali je hodiny. Idnes, 18.9.2015. Online: https:\/\/www.idnes.cz\/usti\/zpravy\/amoniti-z-ohre-v-muzeu-usti-nad-labem.A150918_115912_usti-zpravy_alh<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ulita na Marsu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":470,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,19],"tags":[65],"class_list":["post-5195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veda","category-zahady","tag-mars"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5195","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5195"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5195\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5198,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5195\/revisions\/5198"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/470"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}