{"id":5139,"date":"2026-10-04T00:54:08","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T22:54:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=5139"},"modified":"2026-08-19T01:12:35","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T23:12:35","slug":"mala-uvaha-o-malem-dablikovi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2026\/10\/04\/mala-uvaha-o-malem-dablikovi\/","title":{"rendered":"Mal\u00e1 \u00favaha o mal\u00e9m \u010f\u00e1bl\u00edkovi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Snad mnoz\u00ed ani netu\u0161\u00ed, jak snadno se mohou setkat s \u010f\u00e1blem, a to dokonce na m\u00edstech, kde by to nejm\u00e9n\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1vali.<\/strong> Klidn\u011b by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dotknout se jej prstem\u2026<\/p>\n

Potv\u016frka s otazn\u00edky<\/strong><\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, nic nen\u00ed tak hork\u00e9, jak to nejprve vypad\u00e1. Tak\u017ee vlastn\u011b nejde o \u010f\u00e1bla, ale o mr\u0148av\u00e9ho a bezm\u00e1la roztomil\u00e9ho \u010f\u00e1bl\u00edka. A prstem se jej mohou dotknout v\u0161ichni, kte\u0159\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e pravideln\u011b \u010di p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b, vstupuj\u00ed bu\u010f do evangelick\u00e9ho kostela ve Sladkovsk\u00e9ho ulici v Pardubic\u00edch, anebo do katolick\u00e9ho kostela v D\u0159\u00edt\u010di na Pardubicku. Mimo to nen\u00ed vylou\u010deno, \u017ee jeho podobenku se v regionu je\u0161t\u011b poda\u0159\u00ed odhalit i na dal\u0161\u00edch chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch dve\u0159\u00edch. Ano, pr\u00e1v\u011b na masivn\u00edch, okovan\u00fdch dve\u0159\u00edch jmenovan\u00fdch c\u00edrkevn\u00edch staveb se tato potv\u016frka nach\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pochopiteln\u011b jako symbol, snad a\u017e p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b nen\u00e1padn\u00fd. Prohl\u00e9dn\u011bme si pozorn\u011b (mnoz\u00ed asi poprv\u00e9 v \u017eivot\u011b) masivn\u00ed kovov\u00fd kryt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 d\u00edrky pod starobylou klikou. A hele! Skoro p\u0159\u00e1telsky se z n\u011bj na n\u00e1s \u0161kleb\u00ed rohat\u00e1 hlavi\u010dka, na n\u00ed\u017e navazuje zvln\u011bn\u00e9 had\u00ed t\u011blo; \u0161pi\u010dka jeho ocasu je zakon\u010dena jakousi \u0161t\u011btkou. T\u011b\u017eko lze pochybovat. Prost\u011b \u010f\u00e1bl\u00edk jako vy\u0161it\u00fd! V\u00fdsti\u017en\u011b zkratkovit\u00e1 kombinace dvou hlavn\u00edch atribut\u016f \u010f\u00e1bla, vystupuj\u00edc\u00edho v podob\u011b hada v onom tolik popul\u00e1rn\u00edm incidentu biblick\u00e9 rajsk\u00e9 historie. Tedy, v pod\u00e1n\u00ed pozemsk\u00e9ho \u0159emesln\u00e9ho mistra, drobn\u00fd le\u010d z\u0159eteln\u00fd reli\u00e9f \u010dertovsk\u00e9 hlavi\u010dky s had\u00edm t\u011blem. Ale pro\u010d? Co zde vlastn\u011b pohled\u00e1v\u00e1? A kdo v\u016fbec byl jeho tv\u016frcem?<\/p>\n

Nezn\u00e1m\u00fd mistr<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0158ekn\u011bme rovnou, \u017ee konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho se dosud nezjistilo nic. A to navzdory pr\u016fzkumu dobov\u00fdch dokument\u016f ulo\u017een\u00fdch u obou c\u00edrkevn\u00edch obc\u00ed (za laskav\u00e9 pomoci dvou evangelick\u00fdch sester i katolick\u00e9ho far\u00e1\u0159e), ale i t\u011bch ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch na internetu. Tak\u017ee snad jenom p\u00e1r z\u00e1kladn\u00edch fakt: Evangelick\u00fd kostel v Pardubic\u00edch byl dostav\u011bn, vysv\u011bcen a p\u0159ed\u00e1n do u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 1897. Je zn\u00e1m jeho stavitel, ale dve\u0159e \u010di p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jejich kov\u00e1n\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b poch\u00e1zej\u00ed od nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho \u201esubdodavatele\u201c. Kostel sv. Petra a Pavla<\/em> v D\u0159\u00edt\u010di<\/em> poch\u00e1z\u00ed z 2. poloviny 14. stolet\u00ed. P\u0159ed\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed hlavn\u00edch dve\u0159\u00ed (bohu\u017eel bez dal\u0161\u00edch podrobnost\u00ed) je v\u00fdslovn\u011b zmi\u0148ov\u00e1no pouze v souvislosti s velkou stavebn\u00ed \u00fapravou z roku 1891. Kov\u00e1n\u00ed dve\u0159\u00ed je pr\u00fd ned\u00e1vnou replikou t\u011bch p\u016fvodn\u00edch. Jejich pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 datov\u00e1n\u00ed na konec 19. stol. na dotaz potvrdila specialistka m\u00edstn\u00edho pracovi\u0161t\u011b N\u00e1rodn\u00edho pam\u00e1tkov\u00e9ho \u00fastavu.<\/p>\n

Mimo to bylo zat\u00edm jen zb\u011b\u017en\u00fdm pr\u016fzkumem zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee od 19. stol. p\u0159eva\u017eovala u dve\u0159n\u00edho kov\u00e1n\u00ed sl\u00e9v\u00e1rensk\u00e1 v\u00fdroba, a jeho materi\u00e1lem byla litina. Motivy r\u016fzn\u00fdch ozd\u016fbek zde, tedy pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u00fdch, sv\u00e9r\u00e1zn\u00fdch drobn\u00fdch d\u00edlek, zpravidla nevznikaly na n\u011bjak\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky individu\u00e1ln\u00edmu stylu a vkusu nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch \u0159emeslnick\u00fdch mistr\u016f (mo\u017en\u00e1 dokonce jejich d\u00edlensk\u00fdch \u201e\u0161kol\u201c), kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli v tomto sm\u011bru obvykle dost \u201evolnou ruku\u201c. A t\u00edm bychom vlastn\u011b mohli skon\u010dit. Anebo ne? Co kdybychom to zkusili je\u0161t\u011b s trochou romantick\u00fdch m\u00fdt\u016f?<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ophiotaurus<\/strong><\/p>\n

Museli bychom ov\u0161em p\u0159ipustit, \u017ee se vlastn\u011b nejedn\u00e1 o \u010f\u00e1bl\u00edka. V\u017edy\u0165 nen\u00ed nakonec ta rohat\u00e1 \u0161kleb\u00edc\u00ed se hlavi\u010dka na\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u0161erky sp\u00ed\u0161e kravsk\u00e1 ne\u017e \u010dertovsk\u00e1? Tedy, \u0159e\u010deno pon\u011bkud d\u016fstojn\u011bji \u2013 nejde o hlavu b\u00fdka? Pokud ano, pak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed ophiotaurovi,<\/em> co\u017e je \u0159eck\u00fd v\u00fdraz prost\u011b pro \u201ehadob\u00fdka\u201c.<\/em> O t\u00e9to oblud\u011b prav\u00ed typick\u00fdm hexametrem ve III. knize sv\u00e9ho Kalend\u00e1\u0159e (v latinsk\u00e9m origin\u00e1lu \u2013 Fasti)<\/em> s\u00e1m slavn\u00fd \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd b\u00e1sn\u00edk Ovidius<\/em> (43 p\u0159. Kr. \u2013 17. po Kr.): \u201eZem\u011b porod\u00ed stv\u016fru, je\u017e b\u00fdkem zep\u0159edu byla, zezadu v\u0161ak ten netvor vypadal zase jak had.\u201c (p\u0159eklad I. Bure\u0161e, Odeon, Praha, 1966).<\/em> Ophiotaurus byl svou matkou, bohyn\u00ed Gaiou-Zem\u00ed,<\/em> jaksi \u00fa\u010delov\u011b zrozen v\u00fdhradn\u011b k tomu, aby rozhodn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem zas\u00e1hl do jednoho z nes\u010detn\u00fdch vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch boj\u016f mezi antick\u00fdmi bohy. To se ale n\u011bjak nezda\u0159ilo a nakonec byl zabit jinou mysteri\u00f3zn\u00ed obludou. Detaily, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ty o vyrv\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m sp\u00e1len\u00ed vnit\u0159nost\u00ed, nechme rad\u011bji stranou. Sp\u00ed\u0161e si polo\u017eme ot\u00e1zku, zda \u0159emesln\u00e1 tradice zpodob\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed drobn\u00fdch \u201epotv\u016frek\u201c na chr\u00e1mov\u00e9 dve\u0159e nemohla m\u00edt n\u011bjak\u00fd hlub\u0161\u00ed, pak t\u0159eba ji\u017e zapomenut\u00fd p\u016fvod.<\/p>\n

Souboj d\u00e9mon\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na gotick\u00fdch katedr\u00e1l\u00e1ch byla pr\u00fd ochrann\u00e1 funkce posv\u00e1tn\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mov\u00e9ho prostoru p\u0159isuzov\u00e1na chrli\u010d\u016fm. Do jejich stra\u0161ideln\u00fdch kamenn\u00fdch tlam byla sv\u00e1d\u011bna voda odt\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed ze st\u0159e\u0161n\u00edch ploch. St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk ch\u00e1pal ni\u010div\u00e9 de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edvaly jako obdob\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 aktivity d\u00e9mon\u016f. Ov\u0161em chrli\u010de tomuto n\u00e1poru odol\u00e1valy, dokonce jej odr\u00e1\u017eely a vyplivovaly zp\u011bt proti jeho p\u016fvodn\u00edmu zdroji. Odtud se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyvinula v\u00edra v jejich odpuzuj\u00edc\u00ed vliv v\u016f\u010di pronik\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00fdch zl\u00fdch, \u010f\u00e1belsk\u00fdch sil. Vlastn\u011b souhlasila i s lidovou zvyklost\u00ed (snad jsme ji dodnes je\u0161t\u011b \u00fapln\u011b nezapomn\u011bli), \u017ee jako nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159edek proti p\u016fsoben\u00ed ne\u010dist\u00fdch sil poslou\u017e\u00ed \u2013 odplivnut\u00ed. Tedy pr\u00e1v\u011b to, co za de\u0161t\u011b neust\u00e1le \u010din\u00ed chrli\u010de. S oblibou jim byl d\u00e1v\u00e1n tvar nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u201ehybridn\u00edch kreatur\u201c, tedy d\u00e9monick\u00fdch oblud vznikl\u00fdch kombinac\u00ed dvou, n\u011bkdy i v\u00edce zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch t\u011bl (podle Schymiczekov\u00e9, R., Schnell und Steiner, Regensburg, 2006<\/em>). A co z toho plyne pro p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9ho ophiotaura<\/em> na chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch dve\u0159\u00edch?<\/p>\n

Ochrann\u00fd symbol?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kdo v\u00ed, snad m\u011bl \u0159emeslnick\u00fd mistr z konce 19. stol. n\u011bjakou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost sezn\u00e1mit se s nadm\u00edru bizarn\u00edm, nepochybn\u011b v\u0161ak efektn\u00edm vzhledem nestv\u016fry. Asi mu p\u0159itom nebyla zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jej\u00ed mal\u00e1 roli\u010dka ve velik\u00e9m a nep\u0159ehledn\u00e9m dramatu antick\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch m\u00fdt\u016f. Zal\u00edbila se mu v\u0161ak jako sv\u00e9r\u00e1zn\u00fd dekora\u010dn\u00ed prvek dve\u0159\u00ed, dokonce snad jako jak\u00e9si \u201elogo\u201c pro specifick\u00fd v\u00fdrobek jeho d\u00edlny. Nejsp\u00ed\u0161e tak pouze plnil jakousi zdobnou tradici sv\u00e9ho \u0159emesla. Nebo \u0161lo o n\u011bco v\u00edce? Tu\u0161il snad n\u011bco o ochrann\u00e9m m\u00fdtu, p\u0159ipisovan\u00e9m kdysi d\u00e9monick\u00fdm figur\u00e1m gotick\u00fdch chrli\u010d\u016f? Vlastn\u011b by se cht\u011blo v\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee ano. \u017de onen mistr, nemaje v popisu sv\u00e9 zak\u00e1zky ohromnou katedr\u00e1lu jej\u00ed\u017e vrcholy by chr\u00e1nily chrli\u010de, zvl\u00e1dl obdivuhodnou miniaturizaci t\u00e9to symboliky. A jej\u00ed zhmotn\u011bn\u00ed um\u00edstil pr\u00e1v\u011b tam, kudy za dan\u00e9 situace tak\u00e9 hrozila mo\u017enost vniknut\u00ed zl\u00fdch sil. Toti\u017e na kl\u00ed\u010dovou d\u00edrku, k jej\u00ed ochran\u011b.<\/p>\n

Anebo bylo v\u0161e \u00fapln\u011b jinak? Mo\u017en\u00e1. Ale a\u0165 u\u017e v\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee ona d\u00e9monick\u00e1 potv\u016frka m\u00e1 na sv\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b d\u00e1vn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 posl\u00e1n\u00ed, anebo je pouhou d\u00edlenskou zna\u010dkou, dokonce snad jen jakousi n\u00e1hodnou dekorac\u00ed, jedno j\u00ed up\u0159\u00edt nelze. Alespo\u0148 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch z n\u00e1s toti\u017e vzbuzuje \u00fadiv a zv\u011bdavost. Snad bychom j\u00ed za to mohli b\u00fdt i trochu vd\u011b\u010dn\u00ed. Anebo sp\u00ed\u0161 jej\u00edmu nezn\u00e1m\u00e9mu mistrovi.<\/p>\n

Tom\u00e1\u0161 Dosoudil, Pardubice, z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2014<\/em><\/p>\n

Vy\u0161lo v m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edku \u010ceskobratrsk\u00e9 c\u00edrkve evangelick\u00e9 – \u010cesk\u00fd bratr \u010d. 11\/2014<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Snad mnoz\u00ed ani netu\u0161\u00ed, jak snadno se mohou setkat s \u010f\u00e1blem, a to dokonce na m\u00edstech, kde by to nejm\u00e9n\u011b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1320,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[24,35],"class_list":["post-5139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-evropa","tag-kryptozoologie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5139"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5139\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5142,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5139\/revisions\/5142"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}