{"id":4745,"date":"2026-03-29T00:41:36","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T23:41:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=4745"},"modified":"2026-02-01T20:49:38","modified_gmt":"2026-02-01T19:49:38","slug":"dolmeny-novorossijska-a-mag-zarathustra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2026\/03\/29\/dolmeny-novorossijska-a-mag-zarathustra\/","title":{"rendered":"Dolmeny Novorossijska a m\u00e1g Zarathustra"},"content":{"rendered":"

Podle hypot\u00e9zy archeologa z Novorossijska jsou z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 dolmeny pobl\u00ed\u017e tohoto pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edho m\u011bsta, postaven\u00e9 v dob\u011b bronzov\u00e9 kmeny, kter\u00e9 \u017eily p\u0159ed \u0161esti tis\u00edci lety na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed \u010cern\u00e9ho mo\u0159e, spojeny se zoroastriasmem.<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Samotn\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed mohlo vzniknout mnohem d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo. Na prvn\u00ed pohled se zd\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, jeho\u017e posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 texty byly seps\u00e1ny mezi 4. a 6. stolet\u00edm n. l., by mohlo m\u00edt cokoli spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s v\u00edrou kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed doby bronzov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Charakteristick\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed Zarathushtra Spitama, \u0158ek\u016fm zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho jako Zoroaster (624\u2013599 p\u0159. n. l. – 547\u2013522 p\u0159. n. l., ve v\u011bku 77 let) se objevilo ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm \u00cdr\u00e1nu kolem roku 1000 p\u0159. n. l. Alespo\u0148 takto n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed historici n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed datuj\u00ed \u017eivot tohoto reform\u00e1tora. Zoroaster zm\u011bnil p\u0159edchoz\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praktiky. Odsoudil krvav\u00e9 ob\u011bti a radik\u00e1ln\u011b prom\u011bnil bo\u017esk\u00fd pantheon, kter\u00fd se stal monoteistick\u00fdm a dualistick\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

N\u00e1sledn\u011b nov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, zvan\u00e9 zoroastrismus, pro\u0161lo v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem a podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch zdroj\u016f ho dodnes praktikuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159i sta tis\u00edc lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch zdroj\u016f Zoroaster tvrdil, \u017ee s\u00e1m nevytvo\u0159il nov\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e spojil ritu\u00e1ly r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Tento n\u00e1zor sd\u00edl\u00ed i novorossijsk\u00fd archeolog a v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk m\u011bstsk\u00e9 muze\u00e1ln\u00ed rezervace Alexandr Konon\u011bnko.<\/p>\n

Modern\u00ed historici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 z kultury dolmen\u016f (alespo\u0148 ti, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eili v severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u010cernomo\u0159\u00ed) a jejich soused\u00e9 se \u0159\u00eddili v\u00edrou, kter\u00e1 se stala z\u00e1kladem zoroastrismu. Jejich starov\u011bk\u00e1 s\u00eddla a poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b poch\u00e1zej\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b z obdob\u00ed popsan\u00e9ho Zoroastrem, informuje online verze m\u011bstsk\u00fdch novin \u201eNa\u0161 Novorossijsk\u201c.<\/p>\n

Kultura dolmen\u016f je soubor megalitick\u00fdch staveb postaven\u00fdch z kamenn\u00fdch desek a blok\u016f nebo vytesan\u00fdch do sk\u00e1ly. Dolmeny, kter\u00e9 Adygejci a Abch\u00e1zci naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u201eispun\u201c a \u201espjun\u201c (\u201etrpasli\u010d\u00ed domy\u201c, \u201ejeskyn\u011b\u201c), stejn\u011b jako \u201ekeune\u017e\u201c a \u201eadamra\u201c (\u201estarod\u00e1vn\u00e9 poh\u0159ebn\u00ed domy\u201c), slou\u017eily jako poh\u0159ebn\u00ed krypty. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed dolmeny na z\u00e1padn\u00edm Kavkaze poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z ran\u00e9 doby bronzov\u00e9, mezi lety 2400 a 2100 p\u0159. n. l.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1lokdo v\u0161ak v\u00ed, \u017ee kolem megalitick\u00e9ho lichob\u011b\u017en\u00edku byla postavena kamenn\u00e1 ze\u010f, kter\u00e1 obsahovala pr\u016fchody p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed chodbu nebo podzemn\u00ed chodbu. Tyto pr\u016fchody umo\u017e\u0148ovaly p\u0159\u00edstup k otvoru dolmenu.<\/p>\n

\u201eO mnoho stalet\u00ed pozd\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvali Zoroastri\u00e1ni stejn\u00fd princip ke stavb\u011b sv\u00fdch takzvan\u00fdch jam. Jejich stavebn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem byla hl\u00edna, kter\u00e1 byla v oblasti snadn\u011bji dostupn\u00e1. Jak dolmenov\u00e9 komplexy, tak zoroastri\u00e1nsk\u00e9 j\u00e1my slou\u017eily jako poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b. Samotn\u00fd poh\u0159ebn\u00ed ritu\u00e1l u kmen\u016f dolmenov\u00e9 kultury se podle Alexandra Konon\u011bnka podob\u00e1 zoroastri\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu poh\u0159ebn\u00edmu ritu. Ani jeden z nich nepoh\u0159b\u00edval mrtv\u00e9. Teprve pot\u00e9, co se t\u011bla rozlo\u017eila, byly kosti shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bny a ulo\u017eeny do poh\u0159ebn\u00edch struktur. N\u011bkdy se v dolmenech nach\u00e1zelo a\u017e dvacet nebo v\u00edce koster, doslova nahromad\u011bn\u00fdch na sebe,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e \u201eNa\u0161 Novorossijsk\u201c na sv\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed \u010dasem, b\u011bhem vykop\u00e1vek dolmenov\u00e9 osady a poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b pobl\u00ed\u017e vesnice Myschako, rekrea\u010dn\u00ed obce a p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed Novorossijska, byly objeveny zemn\u00ed poh\u0159by men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina zn\u00e1m\u00fdch dolmen\u016f. Tyto miniaturn\u00ed megalitick\u00e9 stavby slou\u017eily tak\u00e9 jako poh\u0159ebn\u00ed krypty.<\/p>\n

Mezi rozmanit\u00fdmi n\u00e1lezy si v\u011bdci v\u0161imli h\u016flky vyroben\u00e9 z jelen\u00edho paro\u017e\u00ed, p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed prak s d\u00edrou. Tento p\u0159edm\u011bt z\u0159ejm\u011b pat\u0159il kn\u011bzi. Na stejn\u00e9m principu byly pozd\u011bji vyrobeny hole pro zoroastri\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kn\u011bze, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako m\u00e1gov\u00e9. \u0160amansk\u00e1 h\u016fl potvrzovala protozoroastri\u00e1nskou v\u00edru m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel.<\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vno byla pobl\u00ed\u017e vesnice Natuchajevskaja objevena dal\u0161\u00ed h\u016fl, kter\u00e1 je identick\u00e1 s hol\u00ed Myschako. Natuchajevsk\u00e1 h\u016fl je v\u0161ak o dva tis\u00edce let star\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jej\u00ed \u201edvoj\u010de\u201c.<\/p>\n

Nav\u00edc v t\u00e9 dob\u011b na m\u00edst\u011b dne\u0161n\u00ed vesnice \u017eili z\u00e1stupci jin\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 kultury, majkopsk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1stupci t\u00e9to kultury disponovali pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed technologi\u00ed a organizovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem \u017eivota ne\u017e pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kultura dolmen\u016f. \u201eMajkop\u0161t\u00ed lid\u00e9\u201c mohli poch\u00e1zet ze z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asie a jejich kultura je podobn\u00e1 sumersk\u00e9. Jejich n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praktiky z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed m\u00e1lo pochopeny.<\/p>\n

\u201eObjev magick\u00e9 hole z majkopsk\u00e9 kultury m\u016f\u017ee nazna\u010dovat, \u017ee po\u010d\u00e1tky zoroastrismu jsou mnohem star\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo,\u201c nazna\u010duje Alexandr Konon\u011bnko v m\u011bstsk\u00fdch novin\u00e1ch \u201eN\u00e1\u0161 Novorossijsk\u201c. \u201eJeho po\u010d\u00e1tky mohly b\u00fdt o dv\u011b tis\u00edcilet\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e nazna\u010doval Zoroaster.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u201eJejich v\u00edra se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b st\u00e1le velmi li\u0161ila od zoroastri\u00e1nstv\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Alexandr Kononenko. \u201eA samotn\u00fd zoroastrismus se nestal okam\u017eit\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edm uzn\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm jedin\u00e9ho boha. Po pom\u011brn\u011b dlouhou dobu jeho stoupenci uct\u00edvali cel\u00fd pantheon boh\u016f. V na\u0161\u00ed oblasti to byl s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed Vata \u2013 b\u016fh hurik\u00e1nov\u00fdch v\u011btr\u016f a smrti. Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b jeho kult existoval mezi p\u0159edstaviteli kultury dolmen\u016f.\u201c<\/p>\n

Mal\u00e9 starobyl\u00e9 m\u011bsto na okraji Bosporsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed v oblasti dne\u0161n\u00edho Novorossijsku, se jmenovalo Bata. \u0158e\u010dt\u00ed auto\u0159i opakovan\u011b zmi\u0148uj\u00ed kmeny Exibat\u016f a Jazamat\u016f \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u010cernomo\u0159\u00ed. Jedno slovo je \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, druh\u00e9 staro\u0159eck\u00e9ho. Jsou v\u0161ak p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1na stejn\u011b \u2013 uct\u00edva\u010di nebo oddan\u00ed boha Vaty.<\/p>\n

Podle PRAVDA.RU<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Podle hypot\u00e9zy archeologa z Novorossijska jsou z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 dolmeny pobl\u00ed\u017e tohoto pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edho m\u011bsta, postaven\u00e9 v dob\u011b bronzov\u00e9 kmeny, kter\u00e9 \u017eily p\u0159ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":566,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[41,24,83],"class_list":["post-4745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-archeologie","tag-evropa","tag-megality"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4745"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4747,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4745\/revisions\/4747"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}