{"id":4704,"date":"2025-09-28T00:51:53","date_gmt":"2025-09-27T22:51:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=4704"},"modified":"2026-02-01T19:02:13","modified_gmt":"2026-02-01T18:02:13","slug":"tajemne-valy-na-jihovychode-evropy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2025\/09\/28\/tajemne-valy-na-jihovychode-evropy\/","title":{"rendered":"Tajemn\u00e9 valy na jihov\u00fdchod\u011b Evropy"},"content":{"rendered":"

K pom\u011brn\u011b proslul\u00fdm pam\u00e1tk\u00e1m z d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob pat\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 stavby.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mo\u017eno vzpomenout staro\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 valy v n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed Germ\u00e1nii a Brit\u00e1nii nebo nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2014 Velkou \u010d\u00ednskou ze\u010f.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00fdch staveb je v\u0161ak v\u00edce. Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 valov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my existuj\u00ed dodnes na jihov\u00fdchod\u011b Evropy, od Lvova po Charkov a od Kyjeva k dunajsk\u00e9 delt\u011b a na Krym. Jejich d\u00e9lka p\u0159esahuje tis\u00edc kilometr\u016f a je\u0161t\u011b nyn\u00ed jsou m\u00edsty vysok\u00e9 a \u0161irok\u00e9 n\u011bkolik metr\u016f. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je musely budovat statis\u00edce lid\u00ed des\u00edtky let.<\/p>\n

Jejich charakter je z\u0159ejm\u011b obrann\u00fd. Valy chr\u00e1nily p\u0159ed n\u00e1jezdn\u00edky z v\u00fdchodn\u00edch step\u00ed. Kupodivu v\u0161ak st\u00e1le nen\u00ed jasno, v kter\u00e9m obdob\u00ed vznikly a v jak\u00e9m vztahu K tomu jsou jejich n\u00e1zvy. Osv\u011btl\u00ed to teprve podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fzkum.<\/p>\n

V ru\u0161tin\u011b jsou valy tradi\u010dn\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1ny Trojanovy a Dra\u010d\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed n\u00e1zev, psan\u00fd n\u011bkdy tak\u00e9 Traj\u00e1novy, napov\u00edd\u00e1 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd p\u016fvod. Ale valn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st val\u016f le\u017e\u00ed v oblastech, kam \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e nikdy nesahala. V\u00edme, \u017ee mezi staroslovansk\u00fdmi b\u016f\u017eky byl tak\u00e9 Trojan. Datov\u00e1n\u00ed do doby Kyjevsk\u00e9 Rusi, tedy do 10. a\u017e 11. stol., je pochybn\u00e9; v letopisech jsou z on\u00e9 doby zaznamen\u00e1ny mnohem men\u0161\u00ed stavby, ale o valech nen\u00ed ani
\nzm\u00ednka. Zato o nich psal Herodot, co\u017e by sv\u011bd\u010dilo o p\u016fvodu starov\u011bk\u00e9m, star\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e n\u00e1\u0161 letopo\u010det.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b val\u016f na \u010dernomo\u0159sk\u00e9m pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, mezi Dunajem a Dn\u011bstrem, lze vylou\u010dit \u0158\u00edmany. Podle legend ru\u0161t\u00ed bohat\u00fd\u0159i z\u00e1pasili nejednou s draky; pora\u017een\u00fd drak b\u00fdval zap\u0159a\u017een do ob\u0159\u00edho pluhu a bohat\u00fdr vyoral br\u00e1zdu, vyzna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed hranici. Boj s draky pat\u0159\u00ed do starorusk\u00e9ho folkl\u00f3ru; je zachycen na mnoha znac\u00edch a pe\u010det\u00edch. Jde o z\u00e1le\u017eitost velmi starobylou; zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee valy vznikaly n\u011bkdy kolem za\u010d\u00e1tku na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. 1 \u2014 valy dunajsk\u00e9, 2,3 \u2014 horn\u00ed a doln\u00ed Trojan\u016fv val, 4 \u2014 podn\u011bstersk\u00e9 valy, 5 \u2014 voly\u0148sk\u00e9 valy, 6 \u2014 podolsk\u00e9 \u201edra\u010d\u00ed\u201c valy, 7 \u2014 valov\u00fd syst\u00e9m kyjevsk\u00fd, 8, 9 \u2014 pereslavsk\u00e9 valy, 10, 11 \u2014 poltavsk\u00e9 a charkovsk\u00e9 valy, 12 \u2014 krymsk\u00e9 valy<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K pom\u011brn\u011b proslul\u00fdm pam\u00e1tk\u00e1m z d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob pat\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 stavby.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4706,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[41,24],"class_list":["post-4704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-archeologie","tag-evropa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4704","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4704"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4704\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4707,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4704\/revisions\/4707"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}