{"id":4656,"date":"2025-02-22T00:28:02","date_gmt":"2025-02-21T23:28:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=4656"},"modified":"2025-12-28T21:39:45","modified_gmt":"2025-12-28T20:39:45","slug":"astronomove-v-praze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2025\/02\/22\/astronomove-v-praze\/","title":{"rendered":"Astronomov\u00e9 v Praze"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u010ce\u0161t\u00ed letopisci u\u017e ve 12. stolet\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u011bli zpr\u00e1vy o pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed planet.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Na dvo\u0159e kr\u00e1le <em>V\u00e1clava II.<\/em> (1271-1305) byla \u0159ada hv\u011bzd\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Pra\u017esk\u00e1 universita existuje v\u00edce ne\u017e \u0161est stolet\u00ed a po celou tu dobu byla astronomie sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jej\u00ed v\u00fduky i b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ze za\u010d\u00e1tku doch\u00e1zelo k podstatn\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b v astronomick\u00fdch znalostech \u2014 tak jednou za stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Nejd\u0159\u00edv astronomov\u00e9 vych\u00e1zeli z p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee nehybn\u00e1 Zem\u011b je st\u0159edem sv\u011bta, a astronomie byla nerozlu\u010dn\u011b spojen\u00e1 nejen s astrologi\u00ed, ale i \u2014 s medic\u00ednou. L\u00e9ka\u0159i ordinovali s ohledem na postaven\u00ed planet zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i v\u00fdkonu tehdy nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u2014 p\u0159i pou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u017eilou.<\/p>\n<p>I oba na\u0161i nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzd\u00e1\u0159i z doby po\u010d\u00e1tku university, <em><strong>K\u0159i\u0161\u0165an z Prachatic<\/strong><\/em> (1370-1439) (kter\u00fd byl Husov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edtelem) a <strong><em>Jan Ond\u0159ej\u016fv &#8211; \u0160indel<\/em><\/strong> (1375-1456), kter\u00fd vypracoval pl\u00e1ny k sestrojen\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9ho orloje r. 1410, byli sou\u010dasn\u011b i l\u00e9ka\u0159i.<\/p>\n<p>V 16. stolet\u00ed na\u0161e astronomie zas\u00e1hla podstatn\u011b do sv\u011btov\u00e9ho v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje. Bylo to z\u00e1sluhou <em><strong>Tade\u00e1\u0161e H\u00e1jka z H\u00e1jku<\/strong><\/em> (1525-1600), kter\u00fd pozoroval, m\u011b\u0159il a spr\u00e1vn\u011b vysv\u011btlil podivn\u00fd jev na obloze \u2014 vznik hv\u011bzdy novy v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Casiopea. To bylo revolu\u010dn\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v dob\u011b, kdy se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee se ve vesm\u00edru nic nem\u011bn\u00ed, jen hv\u011bzdn\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry se st\u00e1le stejn\u011b ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4658 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/zaz_astronomove-brahe.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"377\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/zaz_astronomove-brahe.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/zaz_astronomove-brahe-239x300.jpg 239w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>H\u00e1jek byl p\u0159\u00edtelem d\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho hv\u011bzd\u00e1\u0159e <strong><em>Tycho de Brahe<\/em><\/strong> (1546-1601). Zasadil se o to, \u017ee <em>Tycho<\/em> z\u00edskal zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed na dvo\u0159e c\u00edsa\u0159e <em>Rudolfa II.<\/em> (1552-1612). Za Tycho p\u0159i\u0161el do Prahy <strong><em>Johannes Kepler<\/em> <\/strong>(1571-1630) a t\u011bch dvan\u00e1ct let, kter\u00e9 u n\u00e1s pro\u017eil, pova\u017eoval za nejlep\u0161\u00ed roky sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota. V Praze Kepler formuloval dva ze t\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u016f planet\u00e1rn\u00edho pohybu, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1kladem modern\u00ed astronomie. U n\u00e1s tak\u00e9 vytvo\u0159il teorii dalekohledu, od t\u00e9 doby hlavn\u00edho pomocn\u00edka v\u0161ech hv\u011bzd\u00e1\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4657 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/zaz_astronomove-sextant.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/zaz_astronomove-sextant.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/zaz_astronomove-sextant-198x300.jpg 198w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Obr. Sextant Tycho de Brahe p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b z roku 1580.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ale Praha ovliv\u0148ovala sv\u011btovou astronomii i pozd\u011bji. V polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed vy\u0161la v <em>\u201ePojedn\u00e1n\u00edch&#8220;<\/em> Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 u\u010den\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce. <strong><em>Christi\u00e1n Doppler<\/em><\/strong> (1803-1853) v n\u00ed formuloval pozoruhodn\u00fd princip, podle n\u011bho\u017e lze ur\u010dovat rychlost pohybu vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch objekt\u016f. Po v\u00fdznamn\u00e9m astronomovi <em><strong>Vojt\u011bchu \u0160afa\u0159\u00edkovi<\/strong> <\/em>(1829-1902) byl pojmenov\u00e1n i kr\u00e1ter na M\u011bs\u00edci.<\/p>\n<p>V 20. stolet\u00ed zase <strong><em>Albert Einstein<\/em><\/strong> (1879-1955) za sv\u00e9 pra\u017esk\u00e9 profesury v letech 1911-1912 prom\u00fd\u0161lel u n\u00e1s z\u00e1klady obecn\u00e9 teorie relativity.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1\u0161 astronom <em><strong>Rudolf Pe\u0161ek<\/strong><\/em> (1916-1983), byl tak\u00e9 u zrodu p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed po mimozemsk\u00fdch civilizac\u00edch (CETI).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010ce\u0161t\u00ed letopisci u\u017e ve 12. stolet\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u011bli zpr\u00e1vy o pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed planet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":564,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,17],"tags":[55,79,24],"class_list":["post-4656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-veda","tag-astronomie","tag-cr","tag-evropa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4656"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4656\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4659,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4656\/revisions\/4659"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/564"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}