{"id":4523,"date":"2026-01-24T00:28:06","date_gmt":"2026-01-23T23:28:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=4523"},"modified":"2025-12-22T20:37:42","modified_gmt":"2025-12-22T19:37:42","slug":"sbirky-rudolfa-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2026\/01\/24\/sbirky-rudolfa-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Sb\u00edrky Rudolfa II."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Doba renesan\u010dn\u00edho stylu a po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho baroka se projevovala na Pra\u017esk\u00e9m hrad\u011b na p\u0159elomu XVI. a XVII. stolet\u00ed nejen rozs\u00e1hlou stavebn\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edho \u010desk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le z rodu Habsburk\u016f, ale i cel\u00fdm \u017eivotem, kter\u00fd na Hrad\u011b tehdy panoval.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Ten byl charakteristick\u00fd zejm\u00e9na n\u011bkter\u00fdmi zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi z\u00e1libami tohoto d\u011bdi\u010dn\u011b zat\u00ed\u017een\u00e9ho panovn\u00edka, o kter\u00e9m je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee se \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1le t\u00edm v\u00edce uchyloval od ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 a politick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti do pracoven sv\u00fdch hv\u011bzd\u00e1\u0159\u016f, laborato\u0159\u00ed alchymist\u016f a do ticha sv\u00fdch um\u011bleck\u00fdch i jin\u00fdch sb\u00edrek.<\/p>\n<p>Rudolfovo sb\u011bratelstv\u00ed navazovalo tak na p\u0159edchoz\u00ed rodovou tradici, je\u017e si vzala za vzor ran\u011b renesan\u010dn\u00ed sb\u00edrky um\u011bleck\u00fdch d\u011bl a rarit, vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch ji\u017e v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b XIV. stolet\u00ed na italsk\u00fdch a francouzsk\u00fdch panovnick\u00fdch dvorech. Rozvinulo se v\u0161ak co do mno\u017estv\u00ed i hodnoty do takov\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f, \u017ee se Pra\u017esk\u00fd hrad stal b\u011bhem doby jeho panov\u00e1n\u00ed za nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed evropskou klenotnici. Vedle vynikaj\u00edc\u00edch d\u011bl um\u011bleck\u00fdch tu byl nashrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn ov\u0161em v duchu doby, pov\u011br\u010div\u00e9 a v\u011bdecky m\u00e1lo exaktn\u00ed, i mnoh\u00e9 kuriosity a p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00fd a exotick\u00fd brak.<\/p>\n<p>Pro sv\u00e9 sb\u00edrky dal Rudolf II. postavit vla\u0161sk\u00fdmi architekty v severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Hradu nad kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdmi st\u00e1jemi dva velik\u00e9 s\u00e1ly s \u0159adou p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch m\u00edstnost\u00ed, spojen\u00fdch ov\u00e1ln\u00fdm schodi\u0161t\u011bm s \u201ematematickou&#8220; v\u011b\u017e\u00ed pro sv\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1\u0159e. \u010c\u00e1st sb\u00edrek m\u011bl v\u0161ak rozv\u011b\u0161enou a um\u00edst\u011bnou t\u00e9\u017e v nov\u00fdch pokoj\u00edch obr\u00e1cen\u00fdch k m\u011bstu a v p\u0159ilehl\u00e9 rom\u00e1nsk\u00e9 B\u00edl\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ei, kde ji\u017e jeho str\u00fdc Ferdinand Tyrolsk\u00fd v dob\u00e1ch sv\u00e9ho m\u00edstokralov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010cech\u00e1ch (1548\u20141567) kladl z\u00e1klady ke sv\u00e9 pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed proslul\u00e9 ambrassk\u00e9 sb\u00edrce. Po\u010det skv\u011bl\u00fdch, hodnotn\u00fdch i m\u00e9n\u011b cenn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f Rudolfov\u00fdch sb\u00edrek rostl rok od roku p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1kupy d\u00edky pen\u011b\u017en\u00edm zdroj\u016fm \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kter\u00fdmi se nijak ne\u0161et\u0159ilo. Nesm\u00edrn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky byly vyd\u00e1ny zejm\u00e9na za obrazy n\u011bkter\u00fdch slavn\u00fdch mistr\u016f, jak prozrazuj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 archivn\u00ed doklady a pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed invent\u00e1\u0159e. Jm\u00e9no Tizianovo, Raffaelovo, Leonarda da Vinci, Corregia, Paola Veronese, Tintoretta, Breughela star\u0161\u00edho, Albrechta D\u00fcrera, Luk\u00e1\u0161e Cranacha, Holbeina, opakuj\u00ed se v nich vedle velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu jin\u00fdch mistr\u016f malby, rytiny i plastiky v\u017edy znovu.<\/p>\n<p>Ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch dvora Rudolfova bylo tak\u00e9 mnoho um\u011blc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bli takov\u00e9 n\u00e1kupy pomoc\u00ed sv\u00fdch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch styk\u016f a za pomoci c\u00edsa\u0159ov\u00fdch diplomat\u016f a zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch agent\u016f. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tyto sb\u00edrky sv\u00fdm vlastn\u00edm, v\u011bt\u0161inou man\u00fdristick\u00fdm um\u011bn\u00edm hojn\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159ovali. Byli to pr\u00e1v\u011b tak mal\u00ed\u0159i Bartolom\u011bj Spranger z Antverp, \u0160v\u00fdcar Josef Heinz, Hans v. Aachen, Peter Stevens, krajin\u00e1\u0159 Roelant Savery, miniaturist\u00e9 Ji\u0159\u00ed a Jakub Hoefnaglov\u00e9, oba Vredemanov\u00e9 de Vries, Maty\u00e1\u0161 Gundelach nebo Jan Rottenhammer jako socha\u0159i Adrian de Vries, Giovanni de Monte, medail\u00e9r Antonio Abondi, rytec Jilj\u00ed Sadeler, zlatotepec Pavel de Vianen nebo \u0159ez\u00e1\u010di a brusi\u010di drahokam\u016f Octavio a Ambrosio Miseroni a Ka\u0161par Lehmann, pro n\u011b\u017e z\u0159\u00edzeny byly zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed brus\u00edrny v Buben\u010di a v Brand\u00fdse nad Labem.<\/p>\n<p>Na sklonku XVI. stolet\u00ed pak vzrostla Rudolfova v\u00e1\u0161e\u0148 ve sb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch i slovensk\u00fdch polodrahokam\u016f, jaspis\u016f, gran\u00e1t\u016f, ach\u00e1t\u016f, chalcedon\u016f, karneol\u016f a jin\u00fdch. V\u0161ichni zprvu jmenovan\u00ed Vla\u0161i, Nizozemci a N\u011bmci, z nich\u017e byla uvedena jen n\u011bkter\u00e1 jm\u00e9na, maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 ko\u0159eny ve vla\u0161sk\u00e9 renesanci a d\u00e1vaj\u00ed jednotn\u00fd um\u011bleck\u00fd r\u00e1z dob\u011b, kterou naz\u00fdv\u00e1me u n\u00e1s rudolf\u00ednskou.<\/p>\n<p>Po smrti dvorn\u00edho antikv\u00e1\u0159e Jakuba Strady (1588) nedostalo se kr\u00e1lov\u00fdm sb\u00edrk\u00e1m, jak se zd\u00e1, naprosto \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 invent\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de, t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b ov\u0161em v dob\u011b, kdy za postupuj\u00edc\u00ed Rudolfovy du\u0161evn\u00ed choroby ovl\u00e1dali pra\u017esk\u00fd dv\u016fr jeho pov\u011bstn\u00ed komorn\u00edci, z nich\u017e zejm\u00e9na Filip Lang byl p\u0159\u00edmo odsouzen (1608) za odcizen\u00ed velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu drahocenn\u00fdch obraz\u016f a p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f z hradn\u00edch sb\u00edrek.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e Rudolf II. po\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 1612 zem\u0159el, nezanechal testament, nebylo tak\u00e9 stopy po n\u011bjak\u00e9m invent\u00e1\u0159i jeho bohat\u00fdch sb\u00edrek. M\u016f\u017eeme b\u00fdt proto jen odk\u00e1z\u00e1ni o velikosti, po\u010dtu p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a hodnot\u011b na svou p\u0159edstavivost a na n\u011bkter\u00e9 pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed invent\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>Jde zejm\u00e9na na invent\u00e1\u0159e v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00fdch sb\u00edrek Rudolfova bratra a n\u00e1stupce Maty\u00e1\u0161e, je\u017e poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z valn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti z pra\u017esk\u00e9 klenotnice a daly tak z\u00e1klad pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 pokladn\u00ed komo\u0159e a obraz\u00e1rn\u011b, d\u00e1le na invent\u00e1\u0159, jej\u017e dali zhotovit odbojn\u00ed \u010de\u0161t\u00ed stavov\u00e9, kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed nastolen\u00edm \u201ezimn\u00edho kr\u00e1le&#8220; Bed\u0159icha Falck\u00e9ho a jen\u017e postr\u00e1d\u00e1, bohu\u017eel, seznam a ocen\u011bn\u00ed obrazov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti, a kone\u010dn\u011b na invent\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd po v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed na B\u00edl\u00e9 ho\u0159e dal pro v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9ho Ferdinanda II. v roce 1621 zhotovit krvav\u00fd m\u00edstodr\u017eitel Karel z Lichten\u0161tejna.<\/p>\n<p>Podle nich se odhaduje, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed Rudolfovy sb\u00edrky obsahovaly mnoho p\u0159es tis\u00edc obraz\u016f, n\u011bkolik set soch, vedle \u010detn\u00fdch iluminovan\u00fdch rukopis\u016f i rytin a na tis\u00edce ostatn\u00edch kus\u016f drobn\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed, vykl\u00e1dan\u00fdch sekret\u00e1\u0159\u016f, \u0161perk\u016f, hodin a automat\u016f, astronomick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f, drahocenn\u00e9ho n\u00e1dob\u00ed, maleb na skle i na kameni, mozaiky, zbran\u00ed, porcel\u00e1nu, majoliky i skla.<\/p>\n<p>V duchu doby byly velk\u00fdm po\u010dtem zastoupeny i p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed kuriosity a exotick\u00fd n\u00e1rodopis orient\u00e1ln\u00ed, americk\u00fd a africk\u00fd. V\u0161echny velk\u00e9 i men\u0161\u00ed m\u00edstnosti hrad\u010dansk\u00fdch sb\u00edrek, je\u017e ov\u0161em byly p\u0159\u00edstupny krom\u011b vlastn\u00edk\u016f jenom jejich do\u010dasn\u00fdm spr\u00e1vc\u016fm a mal\u00e9mu po\u010dtu osob z dvorsk\u00e9ho okruhu, byly je\u0161t\u011b v pob\u011blohorsk\u00e9 dob\u011b doslova p\u0159epln\u011bny. Z invent\u00e1\u0159\u016f je patrno, \u017ee jejich uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nebylo metodick\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>V t\u00e9 dob\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u0161ak ji\u017e k jejich pozvoln\u00e9mu ochuzov\u00e1n\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na ve prosp\u011bch v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00fdch c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch sb\u00edrek. Hlavn\u00ed pohroma je v\u0161ak \u010dekala t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed koncem t\u0159icetilet\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. V l\u00e9t\u011b roku 1648 dob\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e1 vojska Hrad\u010dany a do sb\u00edrek kr\u00e1lovny Kristiny odv\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed jako v\u00e1le\u010dnou ko\u0159is\u0165 v\u011bt\u0161inu um\u011bleck\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed hradn\u00ed klenotnice. Mnoh\u00e9 z n\u011bho bylo zni\u010deno pozd\u011bji ve Stockholmu p\u0159i po\u017e\u00e1ru kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1mku (1697), kr\u00e1lovna sama p\u0159ed sv\u00fdm odchodem ze \u0160v\u00e9dska na slunn\u00fd jih mnoh\u00e9 rozdala a velkou \u010d\u00e1st dala cestou vydra\u017eit v Antverp\u00e1ch (1656). P\u0159ece v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b dojela do \u0158\u00edma s bohat\u00fdm zbytkem, jeho\u017e obrazov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st ocitla se o mnoho pozd\u011bji (1721) ve sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch v\u00e9vody Orle\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho v pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9m Palais Royal, odkud se po\u010d\u00e1tkem XIX. stolet\u00ed rozb\u011bhla dra\u017ebou do cel\u00e9ho sb\u011bratelsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Obohatila tak vedle V\u00eddn\u011b, Mnichova, Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fan, Stockholmu a jin\u00fdch \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00fdch sb\u00edrek tak\u00e9 Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e, Madrid, \u0158\u00edm, Berl\u00edn, Lond\u00fdn, Cambridge, Richmond, Petrohrad a ov\u0161em i bohatou Ameriku. To, co z\u016fstalo po osudn\u00e9m l\u00e9t\u011b roku 1648 v Praze (podle dochovan\u00e9ho invent\u00e1\u0159e &#8211; 8 obraz\u016f, 72 plastik a n\u011bco drobn\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed, v\u011bc\u00ed vesm\u011bs zna\u010dn\u011b po\u0161kozen\u00fdch), bylo v\u010dlen\u011bno do nov\u00fdch men\u0161\u00edch sb\u00edrek pra\u017esk\u00e9ho hradu, zalo\u017een\u00fdch Ferdinandem III., a sd\u00edlelo s nimi jejich dal\u0161\u00ed pohnut\u00e9 osudy a\u017e do kv\u011btna roku 1782, kdy racionalistick\u00fd Josef II. je dal vydra\u017eit za sm\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 krejcarov\u00e9 obnosy. Jednu z nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch cen dos\u00e1hla tehdy siln\u011b po\u0161kozen\u00e1 D\u00fcrerova \u201eR\u016f\u017eencov\u00e1 slavnost&#8220; (1 zl. 18 kr.), kter\u00e1 po mnoh\u00fdch pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch retu\u0161\u00edch zdob\u00ed dnes sb\u00edrku star\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9 N\u00e1rodn\u00ed galerie jako jedin\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u00fd zbytek kdysi proslul\u00fdch rudolf\u00ednsk\u00fdch sb\u00edrek.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Archiv ZaZ<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Doba renesan\u010dn\u00edho stylu a po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho baroka se projevovala na Pra\u017esk\u00e9m hrad\u011b na p\u0159elomu XVI. a XVII. stolet\u00ed nejen rozs\u00e1hlou stavebn\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4524,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[41,24,67],"class_list":["post-4523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-archeologie","tag-evropa","tag-osobnosti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4523"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4523\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4525,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4523\/revisions\/4525"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4524"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}