{"id":4438,"date":"2025-04-12T00:30:20","date_gmt":"2025-04-11T22:30:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=4438"},"modified":"2025-11-27T23:47:20","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T22:47:20","slug":"jak-kocky-pomahaly-branit-leningrad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2025\/04\/12\/jak-kocky-pomahaly-branit-leningrad\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak ko\u010dky pom\u00e1haly br\u00e1nit Leningrad"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u011bco z ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed historie<\/strong>
\nJsme zvykl\u00ed na ps\u00ed hrdinn\u00e9 skutky a bereme je u\u017e skoro jako samoz\u0159ejmost. V\u011brn\u00e9 pejsky br\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed sv\u00e9 p\u00e1ny, v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 psy vrhaj\u00edc\u00ed se pod tanky s n\u00e1lo\u017e\u00ed, psy z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159e, policejn\u00ed psy. Mnoz\u00ed psi tak \u010din\u00ed nikoli ze slep\u00e9 poslu\u0161nosti, ale z l\u00e1sky k \u010dlov\u011bku.<\/p>\n

Toto je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh trochu jin\u00fd.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Blok\u00e1da Leningradu<\/em> (8. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1941 \u2013 27. ledna 1944) p\u0159edstavuje jednu z nejdel\u0161\u00edch obl\u00e9hac\u00edch vojensk\u00fdch operac\u00ed nejen v cel\u00e9 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, ale i v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch v\u00e1lek v\u016fbec. Z hlediska ztr\u00e1t na \u017eivotech \u0161lo z\u0159ejm\u011b o nejkrvav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed v lidsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem n\u011bj zahynulo v oble\u017een\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl mili\u00f3nu civilist\u016f, nejen na n\u00e1sledky t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zimou a podv\u00fd\u017eivou. Jsou zn\u00e1my p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy si matky od\u0159ez\u00e1valy vlastn\u00ed maso z p\u0159edlokt\u00ed, aby ho vyva\u0159ily na pol\u00e9vku sv\u00fdm d\u011btem, um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edm hlady. Prvn\u00ed proto z m\u011bsta zmizeli v\u0161ichni psi, ko\u010dky a dal\u0161\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Nebylo je \u010d\u00edm nakrmit a zoufal\u00ed, hladem \u0161tvan\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 je prost\u011b sn\u011bdli.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1sledkem toho se p\u0159emno\u017eily krysy, kter\u00e9 nejen po\u017e\u00edraly p\u0159\u00edd\u011blovou mouku, ale napadaly i bezmocn\u00e9 ran\u011bn\u00e9 a um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed lidi, rozn\u00e1\u0161ely blechy a naka\u017eliv\u00e9 nemoci. Nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 se jich zbavit, zaplavovaly ulice jako \u0159eka. Arm\u00e1da se je pokou\u0161ela rozjezdit tanky, ale marnost nad marnost, krysy mnohdy naopak na tanky naskakovaly, a nechaly se jimi rozv\u00e1\u017eet po m\u011bst\u011b. Zkr\u00e1tka, naprost\u00e1 beznad\u011bj.<\/p>\n

V \u00fanoru 1943 byla zah\u00e1jena vypro\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed ofenz\u00edva pod n\u00e1zvem Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed hv\u011bzda. Jej\u00edm c\u00edlem bylo zni\u010den\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 18. arm\u00e1dy, situovan\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u011b od Leningradu. D\u00edky odporu \u0160pan\u011bl\u016f z Modr\u00e9 divize byla tato operace ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 a Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da p\u0159i\u0161la o tis\u00edce mu\u017e\u016f. D\u00edl\u010d\u00edm \u00fasp\u011bchem ofenz\u00edvy v\u0161ak bylo vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u00fazk\u00e9ho koridoru do oble\u017een\u00e9ho m\u011bsta, ve kter\u00e9m se poda\u0159ilo vybudovat odbo\u010dku \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed trati. Ta byla dlouh\u00e1 34 kilometr\u016f a po dlouh\u00e9 dob\u011b \u0161lo o prvn\u00ed pozemn\u00ed spojen\u00ed Leningradu s vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btem. Do t\u00e9 doby prob\u00edhalo nouzov\u00e9 z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed jen tzv. Cestou \u017eivota, po zamrzl\u00e9m Lado\u017esk\u00e9m jeze\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Nov\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 tra\u0165 byla sice permanentn\u011b v dosahu n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho d\u011blost\u0159electva, p\u0159esto se jednalo o velk\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch, proto\u017ee z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bsta se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161ilo.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed vlak, vypraven\u00fd z pevniny do Leningradu dorazil 7. \u00fanora 1943. P\u0159iv\u00edtaly jej slavnostn\u00ed projevy a dechovka, vlak byl vyzdoben portr\u00e9ty Stalina a Molotova. Vezl d\u016fle\u017eitou z\u00e1silku m\u00e1sla a masa pro leningradsk\u00e9 d\u011bti.<\/p>\n

A pak otev\u0159eli jeden z vag\u00f3n\u016f… Nebyly v n\u011bm z\u00e1soby j\u00eddla ani munice, ale vy\u0159\u00edtilo se z n\u011bj obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ko\u010dek a ko\u0165at.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 si n\u011bkdo vzpomn\u011bl na 200 let star\u00e9 carsk\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed. V tehdej\u0161\u00edm vojensk\u00e9m manifestu se toti\u017e, mimo jin\u00e9, uv\u00e1d\u00ed po\u010det 70 kus\u016f st\u00e1l\u00e9 ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed pos\u00e1dky petrohradsk\u00e9 pevnosti coby nutn\u00e9 protikrys\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Celkem bylo postupn\u011b dopraveno do oble\u017een\u00e9ho a krysami zamo\u0159en\u00e9ho m\u011bsta asi 5000 ko\u010dek. \u0160lo p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b o ko\u010dky z Jaroslavsk\u00e9 oblasti a velk\u00e9 sibi\u0159sk\u00e9 ko\u010dky, hu\u0148at\u00e9 a velice odoln\u00e9 proti mrazu.
\nA tak ko\u010dky otev\u0159ely v oble\u017een\u00e9m Leningradu svou vlastn\u00ed, intern\u00ed frontu a brzy zd\u00e1rn\u011b zv\u00edt\u011bzily.<\/p>\n

Vd\u011b\u010dnost Leningra\u010fan\u016f byla tak velik\u00e1, \u017ee i p\u0159es p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed zoufal\u00fd hlad se jich nikdo nedotkl. A pokud by tak n\u011bkdo u\u010dinil, z\u0159ejm\u011b by se s velmi zlou pot\u00e1zal…<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obyvatel\u00e9 Leningradu nezapomn\u011bli. Z vd\u011b\u010dnosti postavili po v\u00e1lce sv\u00fdm \u010dty\u0159noh\u00fdm zachr\u00e1nkyn\u00edm pam\u00e1tn\u00edk, a dodnes je pe\u010dliv\u011b udr\u017eov\u00e1n…<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u011bco z ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed historie<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4439,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[24,43,29],"class_list":["post-4438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-evropa","tag-sssr","tag-zivocichove"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4438","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4438"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4438\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4441,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4438\/revisions\/4441"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}