{"id":4400,"date":"2025-04-05T00:39:18","date_gmt":"2025-04-04T22:39:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=4400"},"modified":"2025-11-26T19:55:12","modified_gmt":"2025-11-26T18:55:12","slug":"zahadne-estonske-kratery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2025\/04\/05\/zahadne-estonske-kratery\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 estonsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1tery"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>V roce 1938 student geologie Rudolf Halliku na\u0161el v lese u Ilumetsa celou skupinu podivn\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f velmi podobn\u00fdch kr\u00e1ter\u016fm od meteorit\u016f.<\/strong> <!--more--><br \/>\nNa podzim t\u00e9ho\u017e roku se po stop\u00e1ch student\u016f vydal geolog Artur Luha, kter\u00fd potvrdil jejich p\u016fvod p\u00e1dem meteorit\u016f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4401 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_zahadne-estonske1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_zahadne-estonske1.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_zahadne-estonske1-300x183.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>O n\u011bkolik let pozd\u011bji expedice Artura Luha metodicky zkoumala vrstvy p\u016fdy a prozkoumala kr\u00e1tery, ale druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka p\u0159eru\u0161ila v\u00fdzkum, kter\u00e9 byly obnoveny a\u017e v roce 1956.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdzkum ur\u010dil vznik kr\u00e1ter\u016f p\u0159ed 6600 &#8211; 6900 lety.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Skupina t\u0159\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch kr\u00e1ter\u016f:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\uf0a7 Hellgrave (\u00d8 80, hloubka 12,5 \u043c)<br \/>\n\uf0a7 S\u00fcgavhaud (\u00d8 50, hloubka 4,5 \u043c)<br \/>\n\uf0a7 Kuradihaud (\u00d8 24, hloubka 1 \u043c)<\/p>\n<p>Kr\u00e1tery byly studov\u00e1ny skupinou badatel\u016f z Pribaltika &#8211; Kosmopoisk v letech 2003-2005, v r\u00e1mci programu &#8222;Dromos&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4402 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_zahadne-estonske2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_zahadne-estonske2.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_zahadne-estonske2-300x170.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed : GPS 57.959872, 27.403060<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dal\u0161\u00ed kr\u00e1ter (Kaali) je na ostrov\u011b Saaremaa<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zde \u017eelezn\u00fd meteorit, v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00ed 450 tun narazil do zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry a b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika sekund pro\u0159\u00edzl atmosf\u00e9ru, explodoval ve vzduchu a rozpadl se na dev\u011bt kus\u016f. O sekundu pozd\u011bji se nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00falomek meteoritu srazil do zem\u011b ve m\u011bst\u011b Kaali rychlost\u00ed asi 20 km za sekundu, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo explozi monstr\u00f3zn\u00ed s\u00edly, srovnateln\u00e9 se st\u0159edn\u011b siln\u00fdm jadern\u00fdm v\u00fdbuchem, kter\u00e1 zabila t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 sv\u011bdky t\u00e9to ud\u00e1losti a dala vzniknout apokalyptick\u00e9mu m\u00fdtu o bohu Thorovi, kter\u00fd ude\u0159il do proklet\u00e9ho ostrova sv\u00fdm kladivem&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4405 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zaz_zahadne-estonske3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zaz_zahadne-estonske3.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zaz_zahadne-estonske3-300x183.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Obr. 3 Kr\u00e1ter<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Velk\u00fd kr\u00e1ter o pr\u016fm\u011bru 110 metr\u016f a hloubce 22 metr\u016f, vytvo\u0159en\u00fd t\u011blesem s rezidu\u00e1ln\u00ed hmotnost\u00ed 20\u201380 tun, kolem kter\u00e9ho se nach\u00e1z\u00ed osm men\u0161\u00edch kr\u00e1ter\u016f o pr\u016fm\u011bru 12\u201340 metr\u016f a hloubce 1\u20134 metry, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed hromadu explozivn\u00edch kr\u00e1ter\u016f, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na celkov\u00e9 plo\u0161e asi 50 hektar\u016f. Na rozd\u00edl od n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee povaha jejich p\u016fvodu byla \u00fadajn\u011b v\u017edy zn\u00e1ma, byly kr\u00e1tery v Kaali objeveny pom\u011brn\u011b ned\u00e1vno, a p\u0159edt\u00edm m\u00e1tly badatele cel\u00fdch 100 let, od roku 1827 do roku 1937, a\u017e nakonec estonsk\u00fd geolog I.A. Reinvald prok\u00e1zal jejich dopadovou povahu objeven\u00edm \u00falomk\u016f \u017eelezn\u00e9ho meteoritu s obsahem niklu 8,3 %.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4406 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zaz_zahadne-estonske4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"262\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zaz_zahadne-estonske4.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zaz_zahadne-estonske4-300x175.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Obr. 4 Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edch kr\u00e1ter\u016f vzhledem k hlavn\u00edmu kr\u00e1teru<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Datum ud\u00e1losti by m\u011blo b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 opraveno. Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu bylo st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed formace stanoveno s p\u0159esnost\u00ed na 100 let a je 7 500\u20137 600 let. D\u0159\u00edve uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 ran\u00e9 st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2 500 let se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 vykop\u00e1vky v oblasti kr\u00e1teru Kaali provedl a\u017e v roce 1975 archeolog \u00dclo Kestlane a o rok pozd\u011bji, v roce 1976, archeolog Vello L\u00f5ugas. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 okam\u017eit\u011b u\u010dinili objev, kdy\u017e objevili z\u00e1hadnou ze\u010f po obvodu kr\u00e1teru, 470 metr\u016f dlouhou a 2,5 metru silnou, slo\u017eenou z velk\u00fdch balvan\u016f o pr\u016fm\u011bru a\u017e 1,5 metru. Ze\u010f pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b odd\u011blovala d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 m\u00edsto od okoln\u00edho sv\u011bta. Dal\u0161\u00ed motivace pro tak rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd stavebn\u00ed projekt v ran\u00e9 dob\u011b bronzov\u00e9 jsou pom\u011brn\u011b slab\u011b podlo\u017eeny.<\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem archeologick\u00fdch vykop\u00e1vek bylo objeveno n\u011bkolik st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b dvou pravoruk\u00fdch rovn\u00e1tek a ozdoby na krk, datovan\u00fdch do 3. a\u017e 5. stolet\u00ed n. l. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o n\u011bjak\u00fd druh kultovn\u00edho pokladu, proto\u017ee jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b mlad\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e hlavn\u00ed stavba, pobl\u00ed\u017e kter\u00e9 byly nalezeny. Tak\u00e9 o n\u011bco pozd\u011bji, b\u011bhem vykop\u00e1vek u paty zdi, bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee samotn\u00e1 ze\u010f byla postavena na z\u00e1kladech d\u0159\u00edve rozebran\u00e9 star\u0161\u00ed stavby, jej\u00ed\u017e datov\u00e1n\u00ed se n\u00e1m nepoda\u0159ilo zjistit.<\/p>\n<p>Dodnes nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda objeven\u00e1 ze\u010f byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kultovn\u00ed stavby, nebo zda byla postavena na ochranu osady. Anal\u00fdza starov\u011bk\u00fdch m\u00edstn\u00edch n\u00e1zv\u016f v oblasti v\u0161ak poskytuje dostatek podn\u011bt\u016f k zamy\u0161len\u00ed nad touto z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi p\u0159\u00edklady pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Paasiaia p\u00f5ld &#8211; v\u00e1pencov\u00e1 ze\u010f. <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>P\u00fcha mets &#8211; Posv\u00e1tn\u00fd les&#8230;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Slunce padaj\u00edc\u00ed z nebe, kter\u00e9 v z\u00e1vislosti na poloze pozorovatele mohlo zab\u00edrat a\u017e \u010dtvrtinu obzoru, n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9 monstr\u00f3zn\u00ed exploz\u00ed doprov\u00e1zenou r\u00e1zovou vlnou, oblakem prachu a ho\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi lesy, nemohlo zanechat hlubok\u00fd dojem na tehdej\u0161\u00ed lidi.<\/p>\n<p>Stopy t\u00e9to minul\u00e9 katastrofy lze nal\u00e9zt v estonsk\u00fdch lidov\u00fdch eposech a legend\u00e1ch, stejn\u011b jako ve finsk\u00e9 epick\u00e9 b\u00e1sni \u201eKalevala\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Dnes je to obl\u00edben\u00e1 turistick\u00e1 atrakce na ostrov\u011b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Vladislavs Gusca<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ze str\u00e1nek: <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>http:\/\/nectonlab.org\/index.php\/katalog-materialov\/info\/meteoritika\/158-ilumetsa-craters.html\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V roce 1938 student geologie Rudolf Halliku na\u0161el v lese u Ilumetsa celou skupinu podivn\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f velmi podobn\u00fdch kr\u00e1ter\u016fm od<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[41,24,42],"class_list":["post-4400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-archeologie","tag-evropa","tag-geologie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4400"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4407,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4400\/revisions\/4407"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4400"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4400"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}