{"id":4382,"date":"2025-12-20T00:47:06","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T23:47:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=4382"},"modified":"2025-11-17T18:37:32","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T17:37:32","slug":"miliony-a-miliony-mimozemskych-sond-nebo-zadna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2025\/12\/20\/miliony-a-miliony-mimozemskych-sond-nebo-zadna\/","title":{"rendered":"Mili\u00f3ny a mili\u00f3ny mimozemsk\u00fdch sond \u2013 nebo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Ot\u00e1zka SETI a mimozemsk\u00e9 inteligence je ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e pades\u00e1t let p\u0159edm\u011btem dlouh\u00fdch debat.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed v na\u0161\u00ed galaxii a jinde dal\u0161\u00ed inteligentn\u00ed civilizace? Pokud ano, je mo\u017en\u00e9 s nimi komunikovat? Mohou sem dokonce vyslat kosmickou lo\u010f? Kontroverze pokra\u010duje.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4384\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_miliony-mimozemskych-Jiang.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_miliony-mimozemskych-Jiang.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_miliony-mimozemskych-Jiang-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Obr.1 Jonathan H. Jiang<\/em><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f pracuj\u00edc\u00edch na z\u00e1klad\u011b smlouvy s NASA v Jet Propulsion Laboratory napsal \u010dl\u00e1nek (1), kter\u00fd je pro SETI velmi pesimistick\u00fd. Skupina p\u011bti v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f veden\u00e1 Jonathanem H. Jiangem z NASA JPL napsala \u010dl\u00e1nek (kter\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b nebyl recenzov\u00e1n), \u201eAvoiding the \u201eGreat Filter\u201d: Extraterrestrial Life and Humanity\u2019s Future in the Universe\u201d (Jak se vyhnout \u201evelk\u00e9mu filtru\u201d: Mimozemsk\u00fd \u017eivot a budoucnost lidstva ve vesm\u00edru). Z abstraktu \u010dl\u00e1nku (2) vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee v kombinaci s logick\u00fdmi p\u0159edpoklady a v\u00fdpo\u010dty, jako jsou ty, kter\u00e9 provedl Dr. Frank Drake na po\u010d\u00e1tku 60. let, by m\u011bly existovat d\u016fkazy o \u017eivot\u011b v hojn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed pouze v na\u0161\u00ed galaxii, ale v praxi jsme dosud nez\u00edskali \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jasn\u00e9 potvrzen\u00ed existence \u010dehokoli mimo na\u0161i planetu. Kde tedy v\u0161ichni jsou? Ticho vesm\u00edru mimo Zemi odhaluje vzorec lidsk\u00fdch omezen\u00ed i neochv\u011bjn\u00e9 zv\u011bdavosti. I kdy\u017e ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed programy, jako je SETI, usiluj\u00ed o \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed technologick\u00fdch v\u00fdzev, v\u00fdsledky dosud nep\u0159inesly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky \u017eivota v galaxii. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee s exponenci\u00e1ln\u00edm pokrokem na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti v oblasti pr\u016fzkumu vesm\u00edru m\u016f\u017ee \u010d\u00edhat existen\u010dn\u00ed katastrofa, kter\u00e1 bude fungovat jako Velk\u00fd filtr: jev, kter\u00fd vyhlad\u00ed civilizace d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se mohou setkat, co\u017e by mohlo vysv\u011btlovat kosmick\u00e9 ticho. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku navrhujeme n\u011bkolik mo\u017en\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b antropogenn\u00edch a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch rizik, kter\u00fdm lze zabr\u00e1nit reformami individu\u00e1ln\u00edho, institucion\u00e1ln\u00edho a vnit\u0159n\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Bereme tak\u00e9 v \u00favahu n\u011bkolik mo\u017en\u00fdch katastrof: jadernou v\u00e1lku, patogeny a pandemie, um\u011blou inteligenci, dopady meteorit\u016f a zm\u011bnu klimatu.<\/p>\n<p>Co je to \u201eVelk\u00fd filtr\u201c? Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, je to p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e1 tendence inteligentn\u00edch civilizac\u00ed vym\u00edrat, a\u0165 u\u017e kv\u016fli sv\u00fdm vlastn\u00edm \u010din\u016fm, nebo kv\u016fli nevyhnuteln\u00fdm katastrof\u00e1m, jako jsou pandemie nebo dopady asteroid\u016f. Do\u0161li k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee nejlep\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak se pokusit uniknout Velk\u00e9mu filtru, \u201eza\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 spoluprac\u00ed\u201c, a\u0165 u\u017e to vlastn\u011b znamen\u00e1 cokoli.<\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed osobou, kter\u00e1 na konci 90. let navrhla Velk\u00fd filtr, byl Robin Hanson, profesor ekonomie na George Mason University. A on s doporu\u010den\u00edmi v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku nesouhlas\u00ed. (3)<\/p>\n<p>Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce, kterou Jiang a jeho kolegov\u00e9 prosazuj\u00ed jako prost\u0159edek k na\u0161emu p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed, by mohla b\u00fdt pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00edm, co n\u00e1s nakonec zni\u010d\u00ed, \u0159ekl Hanson den\u00edku The Daily Beast. \u201eJe z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee doporu\u010duj\u00ed centralizovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kontrolu a spr\u00e1vu na\u0161\u00ed civilizace,\u201c \u0159ekl Hanson. \u201eAle j\u00e1 vlastn\u011b vid\u00edm nadm\u011brnou centralizaci spr\u00e1vy jako nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k na\u0161emu budouc\u00edmu Velk\u00e9mu filtru.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Podle Hansonova pojet\u00ed plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce decentralizujeme, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z n\u00e1s p\u0159e\u017eij\u00ed a budou prosperovat.<\/p>\n<p>Lze s t\u00edm souhlasit. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce moci m\u00e1 centralizovan\u00e1 vl\u00e1da, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee n\u00e1s dovede k propasti. Seth Shostak, vedouc\u00ed astronom kalifornsk\u00e9ho institutu SETI, s t\u00edm tak\u00e9 nesouhlas\u00ed. Pro The Daily Beast \u0159ekl: \u201eTeorie Velk\u00e9ho filtru z\u00e1vis\u00ed na p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9m v\u00fdsledku pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee tam venku nikdo nen\u00ed. Ale tento z\u00e1v\u011br je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fd. Teprve jsme za\u010dali hledat.\u201c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4386 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_miliony-mimozemskych-turner.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_miliony-mimozemskych-turner.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_miliony-mimozemskych-turner-190x300.jpg 190w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Obr. 2 Edwin Turner\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ale pokud si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee tito lid\u00e9 jsou ohledn\u011b SETI p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pesimisti\u010dt\u00ed, po\u010dkejte, a\u017e usly\u0161\u00edte dal\u0161\u00edho! Dr. Edwin L. Turner je emeritn\u00edm profesorem astrofyziky na Princetonsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b. Ned\u00e1vno vystoupil na kolokviu Divize astronomie a astrofyziky UCLA (4). Zde je abstrakt:<\/p>\n<p>Z Turnerovy str\u00e1nky na Princetonsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b, 16. listopadu, Ed Turner (Princetonsk\u00e1 univerzita): \u201eHubble\u016fv objem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zcela prost\u00fd mimozemsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, inteligence nebo technologick\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed\u201c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Abstrakt: \u201eDva nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a zd\u00e1nliv\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 argumenty pro existenci mimozemsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, inteligence a technologick\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed jsou (pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b) extr\u00e9mn\u011b velk\u00fd po\u010det exoplanet\u00e1rn\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00ed podobn\u00fdch Zemi a aplikace Kopern\u00edkova principu na abiogenezi, evoluci a sociologii. P\u0159i bli\u017e\u0161\u00edm zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed se ukazuje, \u017ee ob\u011b tyto \u00favahy maj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed nedostatky. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 tedy zcela pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee Zem\u011b je v pozorovateln\u00e9m vesm\u00edru jedine\u010dn\u00e1 jako domov pro n\u011bkter\u00fd nebo v\u0161echny tyto t\u0159i astrobiologick\u00e9 jevy. Diskuse tak\u00e9 osv\u011btl\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou nevy\u0159e\u0161enou ot\u00e1zku v na\u0161em ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody, kter\u00e1 si zaslou\u017e\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enou pozornost nez\u00e1visle na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm t\u00e9matu zva\u017eovan\u00e9m v t\u00e9to prezentaci.\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku jsem si myslel, \u017ee \u201eHubble\u016fv objem\u201c znamen\u00e1 cel\u00fd objem vesm\u00edru, kter\u00fd je viditeln\u00fd Hubbleov\u00fdm vesm\u00edrn\u00fdm dalekohledem. (5) V\u00fdzkumn\u00edk Nablator v\u0161ak poukazuje na to, \u017ee ve skute\u010dnosti se jedn\u00e1 o mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed oblast vesm\u00edru, kter\u00e1 je ur\u010dena v podstat\u011b horizontem ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kde expanze vesm\u00edru (z na\u0161eho pohledu) dos\u00e1hne rychlosti sv\u011btla &#8211; c. Jedn\u00e1 se o obrovskou plochu o rozloze miliard sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let, kter\u00e1 je napln\u011bna miliardami galaxi\u00ed, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 obsahuje miliardy hv\u011bzd. \u201eNikdo tam nen\u00ed, krom\u011b n\u00e1s,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. P\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka Dr. Turnera na Zoomu zat\u00edm nen\u00ed zve\u0159ejn\u011bna online. Kladl v\u0161ak v n\u00ed velk\u00fd d\u016fraz na biofyziku a vysv\u011btloval t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemo\u017enou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed, \u017ee se aminokyseliny a jin\u00e9 molekuly vytvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b tak, aby se mohl vyvinout slo\u017eit\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek Turnera z roku 2011, jeho\u017e spoluautorem je David S. Spiegel, se jmenuje \u201eBayesovsk\u00e1 anal\u00fdza astrobiologick\u00fdch implikac\u00ed ran\u00e9ho vzniku \u017eivota na Zemi\u201c. (6) Jeho pon\u011bkud matouc\u00ed abstrakt uv\u00e1d\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201e\u017divot na Zemi vznikl n\u011bkdy v prvn\u00edch n\u011bkolika stech milionech let pot\u00e9, co mlad\u00e1 planeta vychladla natolik, \u017ee na jej\u00edm povrchu mohly existovat organismy zalo\u017een\u00e9 na vod\u011b. Vznik \u017eivota na Zemi v ran\u00e9m obdob\u00ed je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za d\u016fkaz, \u017ee pravd\u011bpodobnost abiogeneze je vysok\u00e1, pokud vych\u00e1z\u00edme z podm\u00ednek podobn\u00fdch t\u011bm na mlad\u00e9 Zemi. Tento argument kvantitativn\u011b p\u0159ehodnocujeme v bayesovsk\u00e9m statistick\u00e9m r\u00e1mci. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b jednoduch\u00e9ho modelu pravd\u011bpodobnosti abiogeneze vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1me bayesovsk\u00fd odhad jej\u00ed posteriorn\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnosti, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee \u017eivot vznikl pom\u011brn\u011b brzy v historii Zem\u011b a \u017ee o miliardy let pozd\u011bji si tuto skute\u010dnost v\u0161imly zv\u011bdav\u00e9 bytosti a zv\u00e1\u017eily jej\u00ed d\u016fsledky. Zjistili jsme, \u017ee p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed pouze t\u011bchto velmi omezen\u00fdch empirick\u00fdch informac\u00ed m\u00e1 volba bayesovsk\u00e9ho a priori rozd\u011blen\u00ed pro parametr pravd\u011bpodobnosti abiogeneze dominantn\u00ed vliv na vypo\u010d\u00edtanou posteriorn\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost. A\u010dkoli ran\u00fd vznik \u017eivota na Zemi poskytuje d\u016fkaz, \u017ee \u017eivot by mohl b\u00fdt ve vesm\u00edru hojn\u00fd, pokud jsou podm\u00ednky podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm na ran\u00e9 Zemi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, tento d\u016fkaz nen\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fd a ve skute\u010dnosti je v souladu s libovoln\u011b n\u00edzkou vnit\u0159n\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed abiogeneze pro plausibiln\u00ed neinformativn\u00ed a priori rozd\u011blen\u00ed. Nalezen\u00ed jedin\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edpadu \u017eivota vznikl\u00e9ho nez\u00e1visle na na\u0161em rodokmenu (na Zemi, jinde ve slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b nebo na exoplanet\u011b) by poskytlo mnohem siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkaz, \u017ee abiogeneze nen\u00ed ve vesm\u00edru extr\u00e9mn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e1.\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zcela odli\u0161n\u00fd n\u00e1zor na tuto z\u00e1le\u017eitost zast\u00e1v\u00e1 Dr. Avi Loeb z Harvardu (7), vedouc\u00ed projektu Galileo (8), kter\u00fd pl\u00e1nuje hledat d\u016fkazy o mimozemsk\u00fdch sond\u00e1ch v na\u0161\u00ed Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b. Dr. Loeb se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee podivn\u00fd objekt zvan\u00fd Oumuamua (9), kter\u00fd p\u0159ed p\u011bti lety vplul do na\u0161\u00ed Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy a pot\u00e9 z n\u00ed op\u011bt odplul, byl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b mimozemskou sondou z mezihv\u011bzdn\u00e9 civilizace. Pl\u00e1nuje instalovat kamery pro detekci takov\u00fdch objekt\u016f, jako by nikdo p\u0159edt\u00edm nikdy neinstaloval kamery pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed objekt\u016f na obloze.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4383 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_miliony-mimozemskych-avi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_miliony-mimozemskych-avi.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_miliony-mimozemskych-avi-199x300.jpg 199w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku (10), kter\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b nebyl recenzov\u00e1n, Dr. Loeb a jeho harvardsk\u00fd kolega Carson Ezell vypo\u010d\u00edtali, \u017ee na z\u00e1klad\u011b na\u0161\u00ed schopnosti detekovat takov\u00e9 objekty je n\u00e1\u0161 odhad celkov\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed objekt\u016f podobn\u00fdch Oumuamua v\u00e1zan\u00fdch tenk\u00fdm diskem, pokud nejsou zam\u011b\u0159eny, 1,91 \u00d7 10^^26 objekt\u016f, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159edchoz\u00edm odhad\u016fm mno\u017estv\u00ed podobn\u00fdch objekt\u016f. Tento odhad plat\u00ed jak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee Oumuamua je p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho p\u016fvodu, tak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee Oumuamua je um\u011bl\u00fd vesm\u00edrn\u00fd odpad, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed m\u00edsto ve vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n<p>Odvozen\u00e1 hojnost sond se v\u0161ak v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee objekty podobn\u00e9 Oumuamua jsou zam\u011b\u0159eny na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed oblasti galaxie, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b na obyvateln\u00e9 z\u00f3ny obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed planety. Oumuamua byl detekov\u00e1n ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 0,2 AU od Zem\u011b a prolet\u011bl obyvateln\u00e9 z\u00f3nou na\u0161\u00ed Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy. Odhadovan\u00fd celkov\u00fd po\u010det objekt\u016f podobn\u00fdch Oumuamua by pak klesl na 1,91 \u00d7 10^^10.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eTenk\u00fdm diskem\u201c se rozum\u00ed relativn\u011b tenk\u00fd disk na\u0161\u00ed galaxie Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, tj. hv\u011bzdy v bl\u00edzkosti galaktick\u00e9 roviny. To znamen\u00e1: Pokud objekty podobn\u00e9 Oumuamua n\u00e1hodn\u011b bloud\u00ed v tenk\u00e9m disku na\u0161\u00ed Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, pak podle na\u0161ich v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f jich je 191 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000; ale pokud jsou zam\u011b\u0159eny na obyvateln\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy, jako je ta na\u0161e, pak se tento po\u010det sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na pouh\u00fdch 19 100 000 000. Provedeme-li stejn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u201emezihv\u011bzdn\u00e9ho meteoritu 1\u201c, kter\u00fd je mnohem men\u0161\u00ed objekt:<\/p>\n<p>Odhadujeme tedy 7,59 \u00d7 10^^34 objekt\u016f podobn\u00fdch IM1 v\u00e1zan\u00fdch tenk\u00fdm diskem Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy. Pokud by v\u0161ak objekty s vlastnostmi IM1 sm\u011b\u0159ovaly k obyvateln\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed planety, odhadujeme 7,59 \u00d7 10^^18 takov\u00fdch objekt\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>The Daily Beast (11) nespr\u00e1vn\u011b interpretoval z\u00e1v\u011bry t\u00e9to studie a uvedl, \u017ee Ezell a Loeb vypo\u010d\u00edtali, \u017ee \u201ev Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b a jej\u00edm okol\u00ed\u201c by jich mohlo b\u00fdt \u201ea\u017e 4 000 000 000 000 000 000 (neboli 4 kvintiliony)\u201c. Ve skute\u010dnosti se jednalo o vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd po\u010det mezihv\u011bzdn\u00fdch meteor\u016f (nebo kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed!) o velikosti jednoho metru nebo v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v na\u0161\u00ed galaxii Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha, nikoli pouze v na\u0161\u00ed Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Vzhledem k v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdm vlastnostem raket s chemick\u00fdm pohonem a hypotetick\u00e9 detek\u010dn\u00ed rychlosti c = 0,1 yr-1 pro mezihv\u011bzdn\u00e9 meteory o velikosti jednoho metru, kter\u00e9 koliduj\u00ed se Zem\u00ed, rovnice (21) odhaduje celkem 3,65 \u00d7 10^^34 takov\u00fdch objekt\u016f v\u00e1zan\u00fdch na tenk\u00fd disk Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 -Way, pokud nejsou zam\u011b\u0159eny, nebo 3,65\u00d710^^18 objekt\u016f, pokud jsou zam\u011b\u0159eny.<\/p>\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek, publikovan\u00fd v \u010dasopise Sky and Telescope (12) v\u0161ak zchladil nad\u0161en\u00ed z my\u0161lenky, \u017ee Oumuamua je um\u011bl\u00fd objekt. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza sv\u011bteln\u00fdch k\u0159ivek objektu nazna\u010duje, \u017ee jeho tvar se sp\u00ed\u0161e podob\u00e1 pala\u010dince ne\u017e doutn\u00edku. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed dostupn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee Oumuamua je fragment objektu podobn\u00e9ho Plutu, slo\u017een\u00fd p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z dus\u00edkov\u00e9ho ledu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8211; kdyby byl Oumuamua slo\u017een z dus\u00edkov\u00e9ho ledu, m\u011bl by spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 albedo a spr\u00e1vnou hmotnost, aby produkoval p\u0159esn\u011b takov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed negravita\u010dn\u00edho zrychlen\u00ed, jak\u00e9 astronomov\u00e9 pozorovali, kdy\u017e se vzdaloval od Slunce. A kdyby byl slo\u017een t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b z dus\u00edkov\u00e9ho ledu, vykazoval by toto komet\u00e1rn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed bez jak\u00fdchkoli charakteristick\u00fdch znak\u016f komet, ani by neodr\u00e1\u017eel slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo od prachu, ani by nesv\u00edtil emisemi z vody nebo jin\u00fdch plyn\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hypot\u00e9za o slo\u017een\u00ed Oumuamua z \u010dist\u00e9ho dus\u00edkov\u00e9ho ledu \u0159e\u0161\u00ed i n\u011bkter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed h\u00e1danky. T\u011bleso prolet\u011blo ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 0,2 astronomick\u00e9 jednotky (AI) od Slunce (20 % vzd\u00e1lenosti od Slunce k Zemi) a p\u0159esto p\u0159e\u017eilo a opustilo slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavu. Ale podle modelu Descha a Jacksona jen tak tak. Oumuamua slo\u017een\u00fd z dus\u00edkov\u00e9ho ledu by do doby, ne\u017e opustil vnit\u0159n\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavu, ztratil 95 % sv\u00e9 hmotnosti; odpa\u0159ovac\u00ed chlazen\u00ed by izolovalo zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st b\u011bhem strastipln\u00e9ho pr\u016fchodu.<\/p>\n<p>Takov\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta hmoty tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btluje extr\u00e9mn\u00ed tvar. Pokud p\u0159id\u00e1te 20n\u00e1sobek sou\u010dasn\u00e9 hmoty v soust\u0159edn\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch kolem sou\u010dasn\u00e9 placky a zvr\u00e1t\u00edte jej\u00ed odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed Sluncem, p\u016fvodn\u00ed t\u011bleso by m\u011blo mnohem norm\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pom\u011br stran 2:1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4385 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_miliony-mimozemskych-Oumuamua.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"351\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_miliony-mimozemskych-Oumuamua.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/zaz_miliony-mimozemskych-Oumuamua-300x234.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Obr. Plackovit\u00e1 \u201eOumuamua, jak jej zn\u00e1zornil William K. Hartmann<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Jak\u00fd je tedy po\u010det vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch sond putuj\u00edc\u00edch po disku na\u0161\u00ed galaxie (nepo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me-li na\u0161e vlastn\u00ed sondy)? Je to kvadrilion v ka\u017ed\u00e9 galaxii? Nebo je to nula v cel\u00e9m Hubbleov\u011b objemu? Nebo pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b n\u011bco mezi t\u00edm?<br \/>\nEdwin Turner (13) je \u010dlenem \u201ev\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu\u201c projektu Galileo (spolu s Jacquesem Vallee, Garrym Nolanem a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edmi). Jak asi vypad\u00e1 rozhovor v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f a konzultant\u016f projektu Galileo?<br \/>\nAvi Loeb: Mus\u00edme nainstalovat kamery, spoustu kamer, abychom zachytili kvadriliony mimozemsk\u00fdch sond, kter\u00e9 se tam vzn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed.<br \/>\nEdwin Turner: Ne, ztr\u00e1c\u00edte \u010das. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00ed mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 tam nejsou, ani v cel\u00e9m Hubbleov\u011b objemu.<br \/>\nJacques Vallee: Sly\u0161el jsem, \u017ee v roce 1945 havarovalo mimozemsk\u00e9 plavidlo v Trinity. M\u011bli bychom se pokusit naj\u00edt jeho trosky!<br \/>\nLuis Elizondo: Nemohu to ofici\u00e1ln\u011b potvrdit, ale p\u0159ed n\u011bjakou dobou jsem d\u00e1lkov\u011b zahl\u00e9dl mimozemskou lo\u010f na utajen\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b.<br \/>\nSeth Shostak: Vy v\u0161ichni d\u011bl\u00e1te un\u00e1hlen\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry!<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>(1) Mann, S.: NASA says one reason we have failed to discover intelligent life in outer space is because intelligent societies tend to wipe themselves out. Daily Mail, 13.11.2022. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-11422947\/NASA-says-humanity-avoid-Great-Filter-increasing-maturity-understanding-earth.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-11422947\/NASA-says-humanity-avoid-Great-Filter-increasing-maturity-understanding-earth.html<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(2) Jiang, J.H.: Avoiding the \u201cGreat Filter\u201d: Extraterrestrial Life and Humanity\u2019s Future in the Universe. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/ftp\/arxiv\/papers\/2210\/2210.10582.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/ftp\/arxiv\/papers\/2210\/2210.10582.pdf<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(3) Axe, D.: NASA Has a Theory for Why We Might Be Alone in the Universe. Daily Beast, 11.11.2022. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/nasa-has-a-theory-for-why-humans-might-be-the-only-intelligent-life-in-the-universe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/nasa-has-a-theory-for-why-humans-might-be-the-only-intelligent-life-in-the-universe\/<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(4) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro.ucla.edu\/astrophysics-colloquium.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.astro.ucla.edu\/astrophysics-colloquium.html<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(5) Hubble volume. Wikipedia, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hubble_volume\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hubble_volume<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(6) Spiegel, D.S. \u2013 Turner, E.L.: Bayesian analysis of the astrobiological implications of life&#8217;s early emergence on Earth. PubMed, 10.01.2012. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22198766\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22198766\/<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(7) Avi Loeb. Wikipedia, <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avi_Loeb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avi_Loeb<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(8) The Galileo Project for the Systematic Scientific Search for Evidence of Extraterrestrial Technological Artifacts. Internet: <a href=\"https:\/\/galileo.hsites.harvard.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/galileo.hsites.harvard.edu\/<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>(9) 1I\/\u02bbOumuamua. Wikipedia, <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1I\/%CA%BBOumuamua\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1I\/%CA%BBOumuamua<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>(10) Loeb, A. &#8211; Ezell, C.: The Inferred Abundance of Interstellar Objects of Technological Origin. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2209.11262\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2209.11262<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><br \/>\n<em>(11) Axe, D.: There May Be 4 Quintillion Alien Spacecraft Buzzing in Our Solar System. Daily Beast, 27.10.2022. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/harvard-astronomer-avi-loeb-says-there-might-be-4-quintillion-alien-spacecraft-in-our-solar-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/harvard-astronomer-avi-loeb-says-there-might-be-4-quintillion-alien-spacecraft-in-our-solar-system\/<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(12) Lacdawalla, E.: Was Interstellar Object `Oumuamua a Chunk of Exo-Pluto? Sky and Telecope, 15.11.2022. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/skyandtelescope.org\/astronomy-news\/was-interstellar-object-oumuamua-a-chunk-of-exo-pluto\/#google_vignette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/skyandtelescope.org\/astronomy-news\/was-interstellar-object-oumuamua-a-chunk-of-exo-pluto\/#google_vignette<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(13) Edwin Turner. Galileo. Online: https:\/\/galileo.hsites.harvard.edu\/people\/edwin-l-turner<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ot\u00e1zka SETI a mimozemsk\u00e9 inteligence je ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e pades\u00e1t let p\u0159edm\u011btem dlouh\u00fdch debat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4387,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,19],"tags":[58,59],"class_list":["post-4382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veda","category-zahady","tag-mimozemstane","tag-vesmir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4382","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4382"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4382\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4392,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4382\/revisions\/4392"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4382"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4382"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4382"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}