{"id":4177,"date":"2025-07-12T00:41:04","date_gmt":"2025-07-11T22:41:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=4177"},"modified":"2025-07-19T00:49:45","modified_gmt":"2025-07-18T22:49:45","slug":"slavny-fermiho-paradox-je-stary-75-let","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2025\/07\/12\/slavny-fermiho-paradox-je-stary-75-let\/","title":{"rendered":"Slavn\u00fd Fermiho paradox je star\u00fd 75 let"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Boj\u00ed se n\u00e1s mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9, pohrdaj\u00ed n\u00e1mi, nebo u\u017e v\u0161ichni d\u00e1vno zem\u0159eli?<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>V l\u00e9t\u011b roku 1950 pop\u00edjel americk\u00fd fyzik <strong><em>Enrico Fermi<\/em><\/strong> (1901-1954) k\u00e1vu v j\u00eddeln\u011b laborato\u0159e v Los Alamos. V t\u00e9, ve kter\u00e9 byla vytvo\u0159ena atomov\u00e1 bomba. Laure\u00e1ta Nobelovy ceny doprov\u00e1zeli<em><strong> Edward Teller<\/strong><\/em> (1908-2003), <strong><em>Herbert York<\/em> <\/strong>(1921-2009) a <strong><em>Emil Konopinski<\/em><\/strong> (1911-1990) &#8211; nem\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00ed fyzici, kte\u0159\u00ed sv\u00e9ho kolegu uji\u0161\u0165ovali, \u017ee ve vesm\u00edru existuje mnoho vysoce vyvinut\u00fdch mimozemsk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>&#8222;A kde jsou v\u0161ichni?&#8220;<\/em> zeptal se Fermi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tato \u0159e\u010dnick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka byla pozd\u011bji nazv\u00e1na<strong><em> Fermiho paradox.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>O \u010dtvrt stolet\u00ed pozd\u011bji dal americk\u00fd astrofyzik <strong><em>Michael Hart<\/em><\/strong> (1932) tomuto paradoxu jeho modern\u00ed podobu: pokud ve vesm\u00edru existuj\u00ed vysp\u011bl\u00e9 mimozemsk\u00e9 civilizace, m\u011bly se k n\u00e1m dostat u\u017e p\u0159ed miliony let. A nikde, jak Fermi spr\u00e1vn\u011b poznamenal, nejsou vid\u011bt. Pro\u010d? Nen\u00ed tu nikdo?<\/p>\n<p>Dnes se situace stala je\u0161t\u011b paradoxn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Jak se uk\u00e1zalo, jen v na\u0161\u00ed Galaxii &#8211; Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze &#8211; existuje 400 miliard hv\u011bzd podobn\u00fdch Slunci. 18 procent z nich m\u00e1 planet\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed alespo\u0148 jednu planetu podobnou Zemi. A takov\u00fdch planet je tedy asi 300 milion\u016f. Jsou v\u0161echny neobydlen\u00e9? Nemluv\u011b o zbytku vesm\u00edru, kde existuje nekone\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed galaxi\u00ed, podobn\u00fdch t\u00e9 na\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Bohu\u017eel, po dobu 75 let neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 v\u011bdecky potvrzen\u00e1 fakta o existenci mimozemsk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed. Existuje v\u0161ak mnoho vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, pro\u010d se mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 chovaj\u00ed t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem \u2013 &#8222;nevolaj\u00ed, nep\u00ed\u0161\u00ed, neukazuj\u00ed se&#8220;. Zde je p\u011bt nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hypot\u00e9z.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>1. Pova\u017euj\u00ed pozem\u0161\u0165any za hloup\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jsou oni sami<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Izraelsk\u00fd astrofyzik <strong><em>Amri Wandel<\/em><\/strong> (1954) z Hebrejsk\u00e9 univerzity se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee na\u0161e civilizace je\u0161t\u011b nevstoupila do tzv. \u00e9ry kontaktu \u2013 nedos\u00e1hla dostate\u010dn\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b. A nezaj\u00edm\u00e1 to ani vysp\u011blej\u0161\u00ed bratry, kte\u0159\u00ed nevid\u00ed smysl v pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed zdroji na komunikaci s n\u00e1mi &#8211; primitivn\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 \u00fadajn\u011b vyvozuj\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry o na\u0161\u00ed zaostalosti z t\u011bch elektromagnetick\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsme od roku 1895 v\u011bdom\u011b i nev\u011bdom\u011b &#8222;vys\u00edlali&#8220; rychlost\u00ed sv\u011btla do r\u016fzn\u00fdch sm\u011br\u016f. &#8222;Lidsk\u00e1 bublina&#8220; \u2013 koule, jej\u00ed\u017e vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hranice je stanovena prvn\u00edm r\u00e1diov\u00fdm p\u0159enosem v historii Zem\u011b, nyn\u00ed dos\u00e1hla pr\u016fm\u011bru 260 sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let. Mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9, \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkde v t\u00e9to sf\u00e9\u0159e, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zachycuj\u00ed pozemn\u00ed televizn\u00ed vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ch\u00e1pou, kdo jsme.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>2. Sami jsou bl\u00e1zni<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Astronom <em><strong>Dimitar Sasselov<\/strong> <\/em>(1961), profesor z Harvardu, je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den o opaku: mezi bratry nen\u00ed nikdo chyt\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9. Hlavn\u00edm argumentem v\u011bdce je, \u017ee doba pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 k objeven\u00ed se i t\u011bch nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edch organism\u016f ve vesm\u00edru m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt srovnateln\u00e1 s jeho st\u00e1\u0159\u00edm, kter\u00e9 se odhaduje na 13,7 &#8211; 13,8 miliardy let.<\/p>\n<p>Ze Sasselowov\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee b\u011bhem prvn\u00ed miliardy let prvn\u00ed hv\u011bzdy p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovaly prim\u00e1rn\u00ed vod\u00edk a h\u00e9lium na kysl\u00edk, \u017eelezo, k\u0159em\u00edk, uhl\u00edk a dal\u0161\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 prvky, nezbytn\u00e9 pro vznik planet. Trvalo dal\u0161\u00edch 8 a\u017e 9 miliard let, ne\u017e se planety zformovaly, a vytvo\u0159ily se na nich podm\u00ednky vhodn\u00e9 pro \u017eivot. Celkem asi 9 &#8211; 10 miliard let. Zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 je star\u00e1 asi 4,5 miliardy let, dob\u0159e zapad\u00e1 do tohoto \u010dasov\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce. Je tedy mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee to byla prvn\u00ed planeta, kde vznikl \u017eivot. A pokud ano, pak jsme prvn\u00ed inteligentn\u00ed bytosti ve vesm\u00edru. A proto jsme nejchyt\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Astronom uji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee brat\u0159i v rozumu nepokro\u010dili v technick\u00e9m pokroku d\u00e1le ne\u017e my. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v minulosti nemohli p\u0159ilet\u011bt. A je naivn\u00ed \u010dekat v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti na mimozemsk\u00e9 hosty.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>3. Jsou ji\u017e mrtv\u00ed<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Stuart Armstrong <\/strong><\/em>a<em><strong> Anders Sandberg<\/strong><\/em> z Oxfordsk\u00e9 univerzity v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee Zem\u011b je pozdn\u00edm d\u00edt\u011btem vesm\u00edru. Existuj\u00ed data: v\u011bt\u0161ina planet podobn\u00fdch Zemi vznikla o 1-2 miliardy let d\u0159\u00edve. A tamn\u00ed civilizace \u0161ly ve sv\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji daleko dop\u0159edu. Je v\u0161ak nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee se se &#8222;star\u0161\u00edmi bratry&#8220; n\u011bkdy setk\u00e1me. Ti u\u017e zmizeli. U\u017e d\u00e1vno a z r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Vesm\u00edr s\u00e1m je mohl zni\u010dit. Stra\u0161liv\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o minul\u00fdch trag\u00e9di\u00edch objevili astronomov\u00e9 v \u010dele s Jayem Farihim z univerzity v Leicesteru. V\u011bdci studovali b\u00edl\u00e9 trpasl\u00edky: v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu se na n\u011b prom\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161echny hv\u011bzdy o velikosti a hmotnosti na\u0161eho Slunce. Ale p\u0159edt\u00edm se 200kr\u00e1t zv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a stanou se rud\u00fdmi obry, kte\u0159\u00ed pohlcuj\u00ed planety, kter\u00e9 byly nejbl\u00ed\u017e. Ka\u017ed\u00fd trpasl\u00edk si ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 &#8222;nestr\u00e1ven\u00e9 zbytky&#8220; toho, co sn\u00ed \u2013 chemick\u00e9 prvky, kter\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ily planety.<\/p>\n<p>Farihi a jeho kolegov\u00e9 studovali z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed 146 b\u00edl\u00fdch trpasl\u00edk\u016f. A v jejich spektrech na\u0161li \u010d\u00e1ry v\u00e1pn\u00edku. A v\u00e1pn\u00edk je tak tvrd\u00e1 hornina, jako kosti. Tam, kde byl nalezen v\u00e1pn\u00edk, byl zji\u0161t\u011bn i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd obsah vod\u00edku. A vod\u00edk je p\u0159edpoklad pro vodu. A voda je \u017eivot. V\u00e1pn\u00edk a voda jsou dohromady kamenn\u00e9 planety s oce\u00e1ny. Stejn\u011b jako na\u0161e Zem\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Specifick\u00e1 kombinace prvk\u016f byla identifikov\u00e1na u 109 trpasl\u00edk\u016f. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee hv\u011bzdy, kter\u00e9 byly kdysi podobn\u00e9 Slunci, m\u011bly kamenn\u00e9 planety s vodou vhodnou k \u017eivotu.<\/p>\n<p><em>Z\u00e1v\u011br:<\/em> v\u011bt\u0161ina b\u00edl\u00fdch trpasl\u00edk\u016f v na\u0161\u00ed Galaxii nyn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jasn\u00fdmi pam\u011btn\u00edmi sv\u011btly. A to je v\u0161e, co zbylo z civilizac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zde \u017eily a\u2026 zahynuly.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>4. Bu\u010fte opatrn\u00ed<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Adrian Kent<\/strong> <\/em>z Kanadsk\u00e9ho institutu pro teoretickou fyziku si je jist\u00fd, \u017ee ve vesm\u00edru nen\u00ed tolik u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. Proto jsou vysp\u011bl\u00e9 civilizace nuceny o n\u011b sout\u011b\u017eit, a dokonce bojovat s ostatn\u00edmi bratry v rozumu. P\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed mimozemsk\u00e9 rasy se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed velmi opatrn\u00fdmi. A za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed v\u0161emo\u017en\u011b skr\u00fdvat svou existenci.<\/p>\n<p>Podle Kenta nen\u00ed &#8222;politika sebepropagace ve vesm\u00edru&#8220;, kterou lidstvo dnes dodr\u017euje, tou nejrozumn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pokud budeme pokra\u010dovat, p\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1me n\u011bjak\u00e9 vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 koloniz\u00e1tory!<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>5. Vesm\u00edrn\u00ed povale\u010di<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Za celou dobu sv\u00e9 existence nedos\u00e1hli pozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b ani Marsu. A M\u011bs\u00edc nebyl dlouho nav\u0161t\u00edven. V\u017edy\u0165 na domovsk\u00e9 planet\u011b je zat\u00edm v\u0161eho dost &#8211; v\u010detn\u011b vesm\u00edru. A to nijak siln\u011b nenut\u00ed k aktivn\u00edmu pr\u016fzkumu vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n<p>Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f se podobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem vyv\u00edjej\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed civilizace. A tak\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed doma.<strong><em> Dr. Reginald Smith<\/em> <\/strong>z Boucher-Franklin Institute (USA) si tak\u00e9 st\u011b\u017euje na extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzkou, podle jeho n\u00e1zoru, hustotu rozlo\u017een\u00ed mimozemsk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed ve vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e9ka\u0159 vypo\u010d\u00edtal pr\u016fm\u011brnou hustotu pot\u0159ebnou k nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed kontaktu mezi nejm\u00e9n\u011b dv\u011bma &#8222;bratry&#8220;. Jako z\u00e1klad si vzal &#8222;dobu aktivn\u00edho \u017eivota&#8220; inteligentn\u00ed civilizace &#8211; obdob\u00ed, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho vys\u00edl\u00e1 do vesm\u00edru. Vzal v \u00favahu, \u017ee s\u00edla r\u00e1diov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f kles\u00e1 se vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed. A spl\u00fdvaj\u00ed s pozad\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdsledek: pokud vezmeme &#8222;dobu aktivn\u00edho \u017eivota&#8220; jako 1000 let (my vys\u00edl\u00e1me sv\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly 130 let), ukazuje se, \u017ee v Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze m\u016f\u017ee existovat v\u00edce ne\u017e 200 civilizac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 o sob\u011b nev\u011bd\u00ed a tr\u00e1p\u00ed je Fermiho paradox.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A TE\u010e TO NEJD\u016eLE\u017dIT\u011aJ\u0160\u00cd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 daleko od sebe<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Bohu\u017eel, je t\u0159eba p\u0159iznat: pokud je rychlost pohybu v prostoru omezena rychlost\u00ed sv\u011btla a neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 &#8222;\u010derv\u00ed d\u00edry&#8220; &#8211; pr\u016fchody spojuj\u00edc\u00ed vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 galaxie kr\u00e1tkou cestou, pak nelze po\u010d\u00edtat s kontaktem s jin\u00fdmi civilizacemi, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 stovky nebo dokonce tis\u00edce sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Podle: kp.ru<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Boj\u00ed se n\u00e1s mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9, pohrdaj\u00ed n\u00e1mi, nebo u\u017e v\u0161ichni d\u00e1vno zem\u0159eli?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4178,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,19],"tags":[58,59],"class_list":["post-4177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veda","category-zahady","tag-mimozemstane","tag-vesmir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4177","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4177"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4177\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4179,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4177\/revisions\/4179"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4178"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4177"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4177"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}