{"id":4175,"date":"2025-08-02T00:35:40","date_gmt":"2025-08-01T22:35:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=4175"},"modified":"2025-07-26T02:54:31","modified_gmt":"2025-07-26T00:54:31","slug":"sedm-nejoblibenejsich-vedeckych-mytu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2025\/08\/02\/sedm-nejoblibenejsich-vedeckych-mytu\/","title":{"rendered":"Sedm nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch m\u00fdt\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>V r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech v\u011bdy p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1na za obecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti.<\/strong><!--more--> Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, ve skute\u010dnosti nejsou ni\u010d\u00edm jin\u00fdm ne\u017e m\u00fdty a myln\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami. Podle ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch pr\u016fzkum\u016f 82 procent lid\u00ed zast\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto m\u00fdty. Jsou to pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto m\u00fdty, kter\u00e9 mnoz\u00ed lid\u00e9 pova\u017euj\u00ed za pravdu.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Blesk neude\u0159\u00ed dvakr\u00e1t na stejn\u00e9 m\u00edsto<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Je to sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba ch\u00e1pat v alegorick\u00e9m smyslu. Ve skute\u010dnosti jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b m\u00edsta a objekty, kter\u00e9 na z\u00e1klad\u011b ur\u010dit\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed blesky p\u0159itahuj\u00ed. Tak nap\u0159., do 103 patrov\u00e9ho newyorsk\u00e9ho mrakodrapu \u201eEmpire State Building\u201c blesk ude\u0159\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b a\u017e 25 kr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b. B\u011bhem siln\u00e9 bou\u0159ky budova dostane za p\u016fl hodiny i osm \u00fader\u016f blesku!<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Velkou \u010d\u00ednskou ze\u010f je mo\u017en\u00e9 vid\u011bt z vesm\u00edru<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tento m\u00fdtus se zrodil v XVIII. stolet\u00ed, kdy cestov\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edrem bylo je\u0161t\u011b velmi daleko. A sou\u010dasn\u00ed astronaut\u00e9 potvrdili, \u017ee pouh\u00fdm okem je z ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy ze\u010f nemo\u017en\u00e9 uvid\u011bt. I kdy\u017e d\u00e9lka Velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 zdi je v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 000 km, jej\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka je pouh\u00fdch \u0161est metr\u016f. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed ji \u00fadajn\u011b vid\u011bli z vesm\u00edru, ji pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zam\u011bnili s Velk\u00fdm \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm kan\u00e1lem, kter\u00fd je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u010cerven\u00e1 barva dov\u00e1d\u00ed b\u00fdky k zu\u0159ivosti<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Jak je zn\u00e1mo, matado\u0159i b\u011bhem b\u00fd\u010d\u00edch z\u00e1pas\u016f m\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ed b\u00fdkem \u010dervenou l\u00e1tkou pro jejich rozzu\u0159en\u00ed. Ale i kdyby m\u00e1vali l\u00e1tkou jin\u00e9 barvy, v\u00fdsledek by byl stejn\u00fd: skotu prost\u011b neum\u00ed rozli\u0161ovat barvy. B\u011bhem jednoho experimentu dali p\u0159ed b\u00fdka t\u0159i figur\u00edny, s l\u00e1tkami r\u016fzn\u00fdch barev. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee zv\u00ed\u0159e b\u011b\u017e\u00ed k t\u00e9 figur\u00edn\u011b, jej\u00ed\u017e l\u00e1tka se dala do pohybu&#8230; V ar\u00e9n\u011b b\u00fdk tedy nereaguje na barvu, ale na pohyby matadora.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Chameleoni mohou m\u011bnit barvu podle sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nejde o \u00fapln\u00fd m\u00fdtus. T\u011blo chameleona je pokryto zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi bu\u0148kami \u2013 chromatofory, kter\u00e9 se v z\u00e1vislosti na situaci produkuj\u00ed ten nebo jin\u00fd pigment. Ale to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee zm\u011bna barvy z\u00e1vis\u00ed na v\u016fli plaza.<\/p>\n<p>Zpravidla na to m\u00e1 vliv okoln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Tak\u017ee, kdy\u017e na chameleona sv\u00edt\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo, m\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t oslniv\u011b b\u00edl\u00fdm, aby odr\u00e1\u017eel teplo. B\u011bhem chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dob chameleon naopak ztmavne, aby absorboval sv\u011btlo. Kdy\u017e samec chameleona potk\u00e1 sami\u010dku, m\u016f\u017ee se ozdobit r\u016fzn\u00fdmi barevn\u00fdmi vzory, \u010d\u00edm\u017e signalizuje, \u017ee je p\u0159ipraven k p\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed jen p\u011bt smysl\u016f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Jejich v\u00fd\u010det je snadn\u00fd: zrak, sluch, \u010dich, chu\u0165 a hmat. Ve skute\u010dnosti je smyslov\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f v\u00edce ne\u017e dvacet. Tak nap\u0159., jeden z nich n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 poci\u0165ovat teplotn\u00ed zm\u011bny, dal\u0161\u00ed udr\u017eovat rovnov\u00e1hu, t\u0159et\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje navigaci v prostoru&#8230; Za hlad, \u017e\u00edze\u0148, bolest tak\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 receptory.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me sv\u016fj mozek pouze u 10 procent<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mnoz\u00ed lid\u00e9 jsou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee &#8222;odblokov\u00e1n\u00edm&#8220; zbytku mozku by se z lid\u00ed stali g\u00e9niov\u00e9: budeme m\u00edt mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 schopnosti, nau\u010d\u00edme se des\u00edtky jazyk\u016f, budeme moci d\u011blat zpam\u011bti i ty nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed matematick\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Ve skute\u010dnosti vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me mozek na sto procent. B\u011bhem jedin\u00e9 sekundy mus\u00ed mozek zvl\u00e1dnout \u0159adu informac\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zam\u011bstn\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina nervov\u00fdch spojen\u00ed. Proveden\u00edm jak\u00e9hokoli \u00fakolu se stimuluj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti mozku. Tak\u017ee \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee na\u0161e mozky jsou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nevyu\u017eit\u00fdm prostorem, kter\u00fd lze &#8222;probudit&#8220; &#8211; to je sci-fi, nikoli v\u011bda ani skute\u010dnost.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Schopnosti lid\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, kter\u00e1 mozkov\u00e1 hemisf\u00e9ra je rozvinut\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tvrd\u00ed se, \u017ee u lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou n\u00e1chyln\u00ed k tvo\u0159ivosti, um\u011bn\u00ed atd. dominuje prav\u00e1 mozkov\u00e1 hemisf\u00e9ra, a u t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed sklon k exaktn\u00edm v\u011bd\u00e1m zase m\u00e1 p\u0159ednost lev\u00e1 hemisf\u00e9ra. V\u011bdci z univerzity v Utahu se rozhodli tuto tezi prov\u011b\u0159it. B\u011bhem dvou let prozkoumali 1000 dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f. Zadali jim r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fakoly a sou\u010dasn\u011b se skenovala \u010dinnost jejich mozku. Nena\u0161el se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd d\u016fkaz, \u017ee by existovala souvislost mezi v\u00fdsledky \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zadan\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f a \u010dinnost\u00ed t\u00e9 \u010di on\u00e9 poloviny mozku.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>M\u00fdtus: pokud hod\u00edme minci z mrakodrapu, m\u016f\u017ee i zab\u00edjet<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u016f\u017eete vyj\u00edt na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mrakodrap a hodit dol\u016f jakoukoliv minci. A m\u016f\u017eete si b\u00fdt jisti, \u017ee nem\u016f\u017eete nikoho zab\u00edt. I kdy\u017e mo\u017en\u00e1 pro \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00e9mu mince spadne na hlavu, to nebude zrovna p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd z\u00e1\u017eitek, ale rozhodn\u011b nebude smrteln\u00fd. Mince nikdy nevyvine &#8222;smrt\u00edc\u00ed&#8220; rychlost a nikdy nenabere obrovskou hmotu v letu. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o tom jsou jen poh\u00e1dky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech v\u011bdy p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1na za obecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":194,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[27],"class_list":["post-4175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zahady","tag-kritika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4175"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4175\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4176,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4175\/revisions\/4176"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}