{"id":4075,"date":"2024-12-21T00:04:06","date_gmt":"2024-12-20T23:04:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=4075"},"modified":"2025-07-12T02:15:10","modified_gmt":"2025-07-12T00:15:10","slug":"zahadni-tvorove-v-prehistorii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/12\/21\/zahadni-tvorove-v-prehistorii\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hadn\u00ed tvorov\u00e9 v prehistorii"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ani stromy, ani zv\u00ed\u0159ata, ani houby<\/strong>
\nNa Zemi byla objevena nov\u00e1 forma \u017eivota. Kdysi d\u00e1vno \u017eili na Zemi tvorov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed vypadali jako sloupy\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0158e\u010d je o Prototaxitech<\/em> \u2013 tvorech v podob\u011b sloup\u016f vysok\u00fdch a\u017e 8 metr\u016f a pr\u016fm\u011bru asi metr, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eili na Zemi p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u0159ed 400 miliony let. Geologov\u00e9 poprv\u00e9 narazili na jejich zkamen\u011bl\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky v p\u0159edminul\u00e9m stolet\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed Kanady.<\/p>\n

\u201eSloupy\u201c byly kdysi stromy, rozhodli tehdy v\u011bdci celkem logicky. Tento n\u00e1zor zast\u00e1vali a\u017e do za\u010d\u00e1tku tohoto stolet\u00ed, kdy paleontologov\u00e9 za\u0159adili prototaxity mezi\u2026 houby.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V roce 2017 \u0161v\u00fdcar\u0161t\u00ed mikrobiologov\u00e9 z Cury\u0161sk\u00e9 univerzity a brit\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdci z Cardiffsk\u00e9 univerzity nakonec p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dili sv\u00e9 kolegy: ano, argumentovali, \u201epil\u00ed\u0159e\u201c jsou houby. Ob\u0159\u00ed houby byly nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed suchozemsk\u00e9 organismy sv\u00e9 doby. P\u0159ehnan\u011b vysok\u00e9. V\u0161e okolo dosahovalo sotva 10 centimetr\u016f.<\/p>\n

Brit\u0161t\u00ed biologov\u00e9, paleontologov\u00e9, fyzici, astronomov\u00e9, geologov\u00e9, astrobiologov\u00e9 z univerzity v Edinburghu, ani chemik Andrej Gromov, se neuklidnili. Znovu se obr\u00e1tili na vzorky Prototaxites \u2013 ne v\u0161ak na ty kanadsk\u00e9, ale na ty, kter\u00e9 byly extrahov\u00e1ny z fosili\u00ed objeven\u00fdch v roce 2021 v lokalit\u011b Rhynie chert ve Skotsku. Studovali jejich mikrostrukturu. Jeho z\u00e1kladna \u2013 trubky t\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch velikost\u00ed \u2013 se nepodobala ni\u010demu, co v\u011bda zn\u00e1. V\u016fbec to nevypadalo jako \u201ehouba\u201c \u2013 divn\u011b se v\u011btvila. V houb\u00e1ch by se nav\u00edc nach\u00e1zel chitin, stavebn\u00ed materi\u00e1l bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch st\u011bn. A ve \u201esloupech\u201c po n\u011bm nebylo ani stopy.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br v\u011bdc\u016f zn\u011bl: Prototaxity nejsou houby, ale nejsou to ani rostliny, \u0159asy nebo zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Jsou to tvorov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed svou stavbou a rysy nemaj\u00ed nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s pozemsk\u00fdmi organismy sv\u00e9 doby \u2013 \u017eiv\u00fdmi \u201esloupy\u201c ty\u010d\u00edc\u00edmi se nad \u0159\u00eddkou vegetac\u00ed obdob\u00ed siluru a devonu, p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed jakousi nezn\u00e1mou formu \u017eivota \u2013 bohu\u017eel zcela vyhynulou. Mimochodem, tato forma \u017eivota se \u017eivila sousedn\u00edmi rostlinami. Mo\u017en\u00e1 se nakonec otr\u00e1vila?<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bry v\u011bdc\u016f jsou uvedeny v \u010dl\u00e1nku zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9m na p\u0159edtiskov\u00e9 webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce bioRxiv. \u010cek\u00e1 na p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z hub?<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci na\u0161li \u201ehoubu\u201c, kter\u00e1 \u017eila p\u0159ed miliardou let \u2013 p\u0159ed \u201esloupy\u201c \u2013 a stala se p\u0159edch\u016fdkyn\u00ed lid\u00ed. Tato p\u0159edch\u016fdkyn\u011b hub byla pojmenov\u00e1na Ourasphaira giraldae. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata nalezen\u00e1 v\u011bdci jsou mnohem mlad\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e on. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Dickinsonia \u2013 m\u011bkk\u00fd, symetrick\u00fd, \u010dl\u00e1nkovan\u00fd organismus s rozli\u0161en\u00fdm hlavov\u00fdm a ocasn\u00edm koncem, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 bu\u010f pe\u0159\u00ed\u010dka nebo palmov\u00e9 ratolesti \u2013 se na Zemi objevil p\u0159ed 558 miliony let. A mo\u017en\u00e1 se z nich stali potomci hub. Mimochodem, oni sami byli kdysi pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za houby. Ale nakonec byli klasifikov\u00e1ni jako \u017eivo\u010dich.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ani stromy, ani zv\u00ed\u0159ata, ani houby<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2870,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,19],"tags":[41,35,29],"class_list":["post-4075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veda","category-zahady","tag-archeologie","tag-kryptozoologie","tag-zivocichove"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4075","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4075"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4075\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4077,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4075\/revisions\/4077"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2870"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4075"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4075"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}