{"id":4056,"date":"2024-12-19T00:13:04","date_gmt":"2024-12-18T23:13:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=4056"},"modified":"2025-07-11T04:16:38","modified_gmt":"2025-07-11T02:16:38","slug":"prilis-mnoho-nalezu-pravekych-lidi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/12\/19\/prilis-mnoho-nalezu-pravekych-lidi\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho n\u00e1lez\u016f prav\u011bk\u00fdch lid\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se na\u0161lo n\u011bkolik nov\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f prav\u011bk\u00fdch lid\u00ed, bu\u010f na\u0161ich prap\u0159edk\u016f, nebo na\u0161ich bli\u017e\u0161\u00edch \u010di vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"Ned\u00e1vno to bylo d\u00edt\u011b Homo habilis (1), p\u0159edt\u00edm n\u00e1lez kost\u00ed Ardipithecus afarensis (2), poz\u016fstatky neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f i prvn\u00edch lid\u00ed na\u0161eho druhu, kter\u00fd si hrd\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Homo sapiens sapiens (\u010dlov\u011bk moudr\u00fd moudr\u00fd), ale nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed publicitu za\u017eil n\u00e1lez kost\u00ed \u017eeny \u010dlov\u011bka, jemu\u017e se zat\u00edm \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, podle m\u00edsta jeho n\u00e1lezu na ostrov\u011b Flores, Homo floresiensis (3). A proto\u017ee jde o druh (snad?) \u010dlov\u011bka velmi mal\u00e9ho, vysok\u00e9ho asi jeden metr, dostal pohotov\u011b n\u00e1zev \u00bbhobit\u00ab podle zn\u00e1m\u00fdch hobit\u016f z knih o P\u00e1nu prsten\u016f J. R. R. Tolkiena (4). Ale zde tento n\u00e1zev pro \u010dlov\u011bka floresk\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvat nebudeme.<\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se v\u0161ak rozho\u0159el mezi v\u011bdci boj, a ti samotn\u00ed \u010di t\u00fdmy v\u011bdc\u016f p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nov\u00e9 a nov\u00e9 argumenty pro i proti existenci nov\u00e9ho druhu tohoto \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed v\u016fbec jednoduch\u00e9 vyslovit z\u00e1sadn\u00ed soud o t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce. Je pravda, \u017ee se na\u0161ly poz\u016fstatky \u010dty\u0159 a\u017e \u0161esti jedinc\u016f tohoto druhu, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eili v dob\u011b p\u0159ed osmdes\u00e1ti a\u017e dvan\u00e1cti tis\u00edci lety, a spolu s nimi i des\u00edtky kamenn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 by mohly b\u00fdt jejich d\u00edlem, a to v\u0161e by mohlo dosta\u010dovat k v\u011bdeck\u00e9 formulaci druhu \u010dlov\u011bka. Na druhou stranu v\u011bdc\u016fm rad\u00ed opatrnost. Je p\u0159ece zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee na izolovan\u00fdch ostrovech se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed zcela samostatn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 druhy \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, z nich\u017e p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm savci z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed mal\u00e9, trpasli\u010d\u00ed formy, a naproti tomu t\u0159eba plazi dor\u016fstaj\u00ed ob\u0159\u00edch velikost\u00ed. Takov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem mohou b\u00fdt t\u0159eba varani z ostrova Komodo, dnes nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed suchozem\u0161t\u00ed \u010dty\u0159noz\u00ed plazi (dokonce na ostrov\u011b Mores byly nalezeny poz\u016fstatky varan\u016f je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch, ne\u017e ti komod\u0161t\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed mohli docela dob\u0159e lovit i p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky druhu \u010clov\u011bka floresk\u00e9ho), \u010di trpasli\u010d\u00ed druhy slon\u016f nebo \u0161elem ze st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f, kter\u00e9 tam \u017eily je\u0161t\u011b v dob\u00e1ch prvotn\u00edho rozvoje st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, a\u0165 ji\u017e to byla \u0159\u00ed\u0161e egyptsk\u00e1 \u010di nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed star\u00fdch \u0158ek\u016f (nap\u0159. Malta).<\/p>\n

Vra\u0165me se v\u0161ak k n\u00e1lezu kost\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka floresk\u00e9ho. Kanadsk\u00fd t\u00fdm, kter\u00fd kostru objevil, ji po pe\u010dliv\u00e9m zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed a v\u011bdeck\u00e9m zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 trvalo n\u011bkolik let, ozna\u010dil za nov\u00fd druh \u010dlov\u011bka. V\u00fdrazn\u00e9 znaky na kost\u0159e, jako je ustupuj\u00edc\u00ed brada, t\u0159enov\u00e9 zuby s dvojit\u00fdm ko\u0159enem a celkov\u00e1 stavba kostry, ukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee jde z\u0159ejm\u011b o n\u00e1stupce druhu \u010dlov\u011bka vzp\u0159\u00edmen\u00e9ho (Homo erectus‘), miniaturizovan\u00e9ho v d\u016fsledku \u017eivota v ostrovn\u00ed izolaci. Je tu ov\u0161em lebka, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 mozkovnu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 malou, ne\u017e aby \u0161lo o pouhou zmen\u0161eninu \u010dlov\u011bka vzp\u0159\u00edmen\u00e9ho (Homo erectus) a tak\u00e9 p\u00e1nev, kter\u00e1 je naopak p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u0161irok\u00e1, kter\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bka zru\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010di sp\u00ed\u0161e jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdce – australopit\u00e9ky. To jsou z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 indicie.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00ed v\u011bdci, zejm\u00e9na indon\u00e9\u0161t\u00ed, v\u0161ak v n\u00e1lezu kostry vid\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e \u010dlov\u011bka modern\u00edho, posti\u017een\u00e9ho vz\u00e1cnou nemoc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u016fsob\u00ed zmen\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mozku, mikrocefali\u00ed. Pro nejsou argumenty nesoum\u011brn\u00e9 deformity lebky, co\u017e by m\u011bly b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edznaky t\u00e9to nemoci. Odp\u016frci mikrocefalie v\u0161ak argumentuj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee deformity lebky by mohly b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeny vahou nadlo\u017en\u00edch sediment\u016f (co\u017e p\u0159i paleontologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lezech nen\u00ed v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost, ba pr\u00e1v\u011b naopak). A mikrocefalikov\u00e9 neplod\u00ed d\u011bti, a jak jinak se mohly kostry zachovat v tak dlouh\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m obdob\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed spor se vede i kolem nalezen\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. Jsou vyrobeny jednoduchou technologi\u00ed, rozb\u00edjen\u00edm sope\u010dn\u00fdch pum. Vznikly tak \u0161krabky, no\u017ee, mlaty a dal\u0161\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje. Ale ten, kdo n\u00e1stroje vyr\u00e1b\u011bl, musel m\u00edt ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavivost a musel v\u00fdrobu n\u00e1stroj\u016f n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159ipravit, napl\u00e1novat a uskute\u010dnit. A to p\u0159i objemu mozku \u010dlov\u011bka floresk\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd \u010din\u00ed asi 400 cms, by tento \u010dlov\u011bk toho nem\u011bl b\u00fdt schopen. A co kdy\u017e ano. Ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 rysy zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho mozku vykazuj\u00ed n\u00e1znaky vysok\u00e9 specializace, a tak by jeho majitel to dok\u00e1zat mohl. A tak se \u010dek\u00e1 na dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1lezy.<\/p>\n

Kdy budou? A\u017e budou dal\u0161\u00ed vykop\u00e1vky a dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1lezy poz\u016fstatk\u016f \u010dlov\u011bka floresk\u00e9ho i n\u00e1stroj\u016f, je\u017e jsou mu p\u0159ipisov\u00e1ny. Ale indon\u00e9sk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da zat\u00edm dal\u0161\u00ed vykop\u00e1vky z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f odm\u00edt\u00e1 povolit. A tak \u017eijeme v nap\u011bt\u00ed, zda byl skute\u010dn\u00e9 nalezen dal\u0161\u00ed druh \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd mohl b\u00fdt na\u0161im sou\u010dasn\u00edkem.
\nJak asi tento \u010dlov\u011bk \u017eil? Zat\u00edm poznatk\u016f nen\u00ed mnoho. Dosavadn\u00ed n\u00e1lezy toho moc neuk\u00e1zaly. Mal\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk flor\u00e9sk\u00fd byl lovec a sb\u011bra\u010d. Jeho obydl\u00edm byl hlubok\u00fd tropick\u00fd prales a velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sope\u010dn\u00fd pseudokras. V\u017edy\u0165 pr\u00e1v\u011b v takov\u00e9 sope\u010dn\u00e9 jeskyni se jm\u00e9nem Liang Bua byly poz\u016fstatky \u010dlov\u011bka floresk\u00e9ho nalezeny.<\/p>\n

Podle st\u00e1le \u017eiv\u00fdch legend se m\u00edstn\u00ed lid\u00e9 ob\u010das setk\u00e1vali s chlupat\u00fdmi mal\u00fdmi lidmi, je\u017e pojmenovali Ebu Gogo. Pr\u00fd mluvili nesrozumiteln\u00e9 \u0161eptav\u00e9 zvuky, ale tak\u00e9 dok\u00e1zali opakovat i lidskou \u0159e\u010d. K posledn\u00edmu setk\u00e1n\u00ed s t\u011bmito mal\u00fdmi na\u0161imi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi m\u011blo doj\u00edt asi p\u0159ed sto lety. Dokonce se hovo\u0159\u00ed i o tom, \u017ee mal\u00ed lid\u00e9 ob\u010das kradli norm\u00e1ln\u00edm lidem novoroze\u0148ata, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jako snadnou ko\u0159ist. A pr\u00e1v\u011b zhruba p\u0159ed t\u011bmi asi sto lety m\u011blo k takov\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti doj\u00edt. To ov\u0161em pobou\u0159ilo celou vesnici a v\u0161ichni mu\u017ei se vydali mal\u00e9 lidi pron\u00e1sledovat. D\u00edt\u011b v\u0161ak u\u017e na\u0161li mrtv\u00e9 a tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolik t\u011bch mal\u00fdch chlupat\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Pomsta byla takov\u00e1, jak\u00e1 asi m\u011bla b\u00fdt. Mal\u00ed lid\u00e9 byli pobiti a od t\u00e9 doby nebyli ji\u017e k vid\u011bn\u00ed. Snad to byli posledn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci druhu, snad se mo\u017en\u00e1 st\u00e1hli hloub\u011bji do pralesa a v\u00fd\u0161e na sopku, kam lid\u00e9 z vesnic okolo sopky nechod\u00ed ve v\u00ed\u0159e ve zl\u00e1 bo\u017estva, je\u017e v n\u00ed s\u00eddl\u00ed. Je tak mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee Homo floresiensis dosud \u017eije, ani\u017e bychom o jeho sou\u010dasn\u00e9 existenci m\u011bli v\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jak bychom se k n\u011bmu asi zachovali? Vzali bychom ho jako dal\u0161\u00ed mysl\u00edc\u00ed druh \u010dlov\u011bka, nebo bychom na n\u011bj hled\u011bli jako na vzp\u0159\u00edmen\u011b chod\u00edc\u00ed opici? Stal by se jedn\u00edm z druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 ukazujeme v zoologick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch, nebo bychom mu dali mo\u017enost svobodn\u011b s n\u00e1mi \u017e\u00edt, ani\u017e bychom ni\u010dili jeho p\u0159irozen\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee si \u0159eknete, \u017ee jsou to ot\u00e1zky hloup\u00e9. Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee ano, mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee ne. V\u017edy\u0165 jak hled\u00edme na na\u0161e nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 – \u0161impanze? Jak je to dlouho, kdy byli loveni i \u017eiv\u00ed, aby na nich byly \u010din\u011bny pokusy s vivisekcemi a s nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi l\u00e9ky. Nebo m\u00e1 n\u00e1\u0161 druh v genetick\u00e9 v\u00fdbav\u011b zak\u00f3dov\u00e1no v\u0161echno zm\u011b\u0159it a roz\u0161katulkovat?<\/p>\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by to v\u0161ak byl dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkaz v\u00fdvoje \u017eivota na Zemi, kter\u00fd je nyn\u00ed tak vehementn\u011b mnoh\u00fdmi pop\u00edr\u00e1n. U\u017e i u n\u00e1s se tac\u00ed vyskytuj\u00ed a p\u0159ipisuj\u00ed Darwinovi a jeho pokra\u010dovatel\u016fm div ne \u010f\u00e1belskou podobu. Po takov\u00fdch letech sn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u00e1dn\u00fdch d\u016fkaz\u016f o v\u00fdvoji \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

Mysl\u00edm v\u0161ak, \u017ee bychom m\u011bli, stejn\u011b jako u dal\u0161\u00edch \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch a rostlinn\u00fdch druh\u016f, zachovat jeho p\u0159irozen\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed a hlavn\u011b z n\u011bho ned\u011blat turistickou atrakci. V\u017edy\u0165 i kamenn\u00e9 stavby d\u00edky n\u00e1poru turist\u016f ch\u00e1traj\u00ed. Nato\u017e n\u011bco tak jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho, jako je dal\u0161\u00ed \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fd druh. A meh bychom si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee mo\u017en\u00e1 za n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek tis\u00edc let budeme na tom podobn\u011b i p\u0159esto, \u017ee je n\u00e1s dnes bezm\u00e1la \u0161est miliard.<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homo_habilis<\/a> <\/em>
\n(2) http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australopithecus_afarensis<\/a> <\/em>
\n(3) http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homo_floresiensis<\/a> <\/em>
\n(4) http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Ronald_Reuel_Tolkien<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se na\u0161lo n\u011bkolik nov\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f prav\u011bk\u00fdch lid\u00ed, bu\u010f na\u0161ich prap\u0159edk\u016f, nebo na\u0161ich bli\u017e\u0161\u00edch \u010di vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":424,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,17,19],"tags":[41,49,29],"class_list":["post-4056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-veda","category-zahady","tag-archeologie","tag-asie","tag-zivocichove"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4056"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4068,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4056\/revisions\/4068"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}