{"id":3958,"date":"2024-11-23T00:05:05","date_gmt":"2024-11-22T23:05:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=3958"},"modified":"2025-07-07T01:30:20","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T23:30:20","slug":"pevnost-alamut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/11\/23\/pevnost-alamut\/","title":{"rendered":"Pevnost Alam\u00fat"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vysoko v persk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch, v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 2100 metr\u016f, na osam\u011bl\u00e9m skaln\u00edm ostrohu se k nebi ty\u010dila nedobytn\u00e1 pevnost Alam\u00fat. (1)<\/strong>Jej\u00ed d\u011bjiny se za\u010daly ps\u00e1t v 9. stolet\u00ed, jej\u00ed ponur\u00e1 sl\u00e1va v roce 1090. Hradu smrti \u010di Orl\u00edho hn\u00edzda, jak zn\u00ed p\u0159eklad jm\u00e9na citadely z per\u0161tiny, se tehdy zmocnil Hasan bin Sabbah (2), asketa, teolog a vyznava\u010d militantn\u00edho isl\u00e1mu, kter\u00fd nev\u00e1hal zab\u00edt sv\u00e9ho syna za zapov\u011bzen\u00e9 pit\u00ed alkoholu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. 1 Rekonstrukce pevnosti<\/em><\/p>\n

Tvrd\u00fd, ale schopn\u00fd v\u016fdce ze sv\u00fdch stoupenc\u016f na Alam\u00fatu vytvo\u0159il jednu z nejbrut\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sekt isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bku zvanou asass\u00edni (3). Pevnost se pod Hasanovou vl\u00e1dou brzy py\u0161nila obrovskou knihovnou i podivuhodn\u00fdmi, v\u011b\u010dn\u011b zelen\u00fdmi zahradami. Pomoc\u00ed ha\u0161i\u0161e a vym\u00fdvan\u00ed mozk\u016f se zde mlad\u00ed adepti asas\u00ednsk\u00e9 sekty m\u011bnili v zabij\u00e1ck\u00e9 stroje a sv\u00e9mu vl\u00e1dci, alias Starci z hory, neodep\u0159eli v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 situaci poslu\u0161nost.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. 2 Hasan bin Sabbah<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u0159i\u017e\u00e1\u010dt\u00ed kronik\u00e1\u0159i vzpom\u00ednaj\u00ed, jak se dva mlad\u00edci na rozkaz Starce vrhli z hradeb vst\u0159\u00edc smrti do hlubok\u00e9 propasti, jen aby prok\u00e1zali svou oddanost. Asas\u00ednsk\u00fd st\u00e1t brzy ovl\u00e1dl obrovsk\u00fd kus S\u00fdrie a Persie a pro um\u00edrn\u011bn\u00e9 muslimy se stal trnem v oku. Per\u0161t\u00ed a syr\u0161t\u00ed asas\u00edni na jejich \u00fatok reagovali t\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm se v historii proslavili nejv\u00edce – s\u00e9ri\u00ed atent\u00e1t\u016f na sv\u00e9 protivn\u00edky.<\/p>\n

Nav\u0161t\u00edvit tajupln\u00fd Alam\u00fat se ve 13. stolet\u00ed poda\u0159ilo ben\u00e1tsk\u00e9mu kupci a proslul\u00e9mu cestovateli Marco Polovi. I on zahl\u00e9dl proslul\u00e9 zelen\u00e9 zahrady postaven\u00e9 podle modelu r\u00e1je, jak si je p\u0159edstavoval prorok Mohamed.<\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1tce po Polov\u011b n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b zni\u010dily Alam\u00fat mongolsk\u00e9 hordy. Podle legend pronikla asas\u00ednsk\u00e1 filozofie prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm templ\u00e1\u0159\u016f do Evropy a pozd\u011bji se stala z\u00e1kladem, na n\u011bm\u017e od ran\u00e9ho novov\u011bku vznikaly tajn\u00e9 spolky. Do Evropy se tak\u00e9 dostalo slovo asas\u00edni, kter\u00e9 v n\u011bkolika jazyc\u00edch znamen\u00e1 \u201en\u00e1jemn\u00fd vrah“.<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alam%C3%BAt<\/a> <\/em>
\n(2) http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hassan-i_Sabbah<\/a> <\/em>
\n(3) http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assassins<\/a> <\/em>
\n(4) Existoval Marco Polo? \u2013 Z\u00e1hady a zaj\u00edmavosti (ZaZ), 31.10.2024<\/a><\/em>
\n(5) \u0158\u00e1d chud\u00fdch ryt\u00ed\u0159\u016f Krista a Templu \u0160alamounova. KPUFO.CZ: http:\/\/www.kpufo.cz\/oblasti\/ota\/templar\/index.htm<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vysoko v persk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch, v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 2100 metr\u016f, na osam\u011bl\u00e9m skaln\u00edm ostrohu se k nebi ty\u010dila nedobytn\u00e1 pevnost Alam\u00fat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":762,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[41,49],"class_list":["post-3958","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-archeologie","tag-asie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3958","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3958"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3958\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3961,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3958\/revisions\/3961"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3958"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3958"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3958"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}