{"id":3937,"date":"2024-11-11T00:57:27","date_gmt":"2024-11-10T23:57:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=3937"},"modified":"2025-06-02T03:03:59","modified_gmt":"2025-06-02T01:03:59","slug":"novy-nalez-protazene-lebky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/11\/11\/novy-nalez-protazene-lebky\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00fd n\u00e1lez prota\u017een\u00e9 lebky"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ru\u0161t\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 v rezervaci pam\u00e1tn\u00edku „Arkaim“ (\u010celjabinsk\u00fd region) objevili starov\u011bkou hrobku, ve kter\u00e9 byla kostra \u017eeny s velmi neobvykl\u00fdm tvarem lebky.<\/strong>
\nArcheolog Jurij Sergejevi\u010d Makurov, kter\u00fd vedl v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm, v\u0161ak jak\u00e9koli spojitosti s mimozem\u0161\u0165any odm\u00edtl.<\/p>\n

\u201eUm\u011bl\u00e9 deformace lebky jsou dosti b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 mezi sarmatsk\u00fdmi ko\u010dovn\u00edky v 2 \u2013 4. stolet\u00ed n. l. Um\u011ble deformovali hlavy sv\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed v kojeneck\u00e9m v\u011bku provazem nebo obvazem. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee hlava m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v podstat\u011b jak\u00fdkoli tvar (v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b prodlou\u017een\u00fd). Mimochodem, tato „plastick\u00e1 chirurgie“, je \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed u mu\u017e\u016f, ale u \u017een je tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e1.\u201c<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. Ru\u0161t\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 v rezervaci „Arkaim“ (\u010celjabinsk\u00fd region) objevili starov\u011bkou hrobky obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed kostru s velmi neobvykl\u00fdm tvarem lebky. Foto: Expedice J. Makurova<\/em><\/p>\n

Asi 70 kilometr\u016f od Arkaimu, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b Solenyj Dol, zhruba ze stejn\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed. Od roku 2006 tam archeologov\u00e9 na\u0161li 8 hrob\u016f ko\u010dovn\u00edk\u016f s prodlou\u017eenou hlavou, mu\u017ei i \u017eeny.<\/p>\n

D\u016fvod t\u00e9to praktiky je nejasn\u00fd. K vysv\u011btlen\u00ed existuje n\u011bkolik verz\u00ed. T\u0159eba to byl ide\u00e1l kr\u00e1sy t\u011bchto n\u00e1rod\u016f. V\u017edy\u0165 dne\u0161n\u00ed lid\u00e9 d\u011blaj\u00ed se sv\u00fdm t\u011blem v z\u00e1jmu upout\u00e1n\u00ed pozornosti tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 operace. Na druhou stranu je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee to byl sv\u00e9r\u00e1zn\u00fd druh etnick\u00e9 zna\u010dky pro neomylnou definici „sv\u016fj\u201c \u2013 \u201eciz\u00ed\u201c. A kone\u010dn\u011b, \u0159ada v\u011bdc\u016f se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee deformace hlavy byl zp\u016fsob, jak zd\u016fraznit zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed status jedince, pat\u0159\u00edc\u00edho k elit\u011b.<\/p>\n

Nalezen\u00fd hrob bohu\u017eel nedal odpov\u011b\u010f na ot\u00e1zku po soci\u00e1ln\u00edm postaven\u00ed \u017eeny. Nebyly u n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 by to objasnily. Hrob p\u0159itom byl p\u016fvodn\u00ed, nebyl vykraden. Poz\u016fstatky bez v\u011bc\u00ed jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 i v jin\u00fdch hrobech v Soln\u00e9m Dole. Kmeny ko\u010dovaly a tak pot\u0159ebovaly v\u011bci, nemohly se jich tak lehce vzd\u00e1t. Jak\u00fdkoli kov – \u017eelezo, bronz, m\u011bl v t\u011bch dob\u00e1ch velkou hodnotu.<\/p>\n

Archeolog Ilja Llub\u010danskij p\u0159edlo\u017eil teorii, \u017ee nedostatek v\u011bc\u00ed v hrobu \u017eeny sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee byla \u010darod\u011bjnice nebo jinak vylou\u010den\u00e1 ze spole\u010dnosti. Tomu v\u0161ak neodpov\u00eddaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed fakta. \u017dena byla poh\u0159bena v mohyle, oble\u010dena do rub\u00e1\u0161e a le\u017eela hlavou p\u0159esn\u011b ve sm\u011bru k severu, jak je zde obvykl\u00e9. Nebyla tedy nijak vylou\u010den\u00e1 ze spole\u010dnosti. Zpr\u00e1vy o tom, \u017ee hrob byl zamaskov\u00e1n, neodpov\u00eddaj\u00ed skute\u010dnosti. Nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 indicie, \u017ee by \u017eena byla n\u011bjak zapojena do \u010darod\u011bjnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee tradice m\u011bnit tvar lebky odpov\u00eddala ur\u010dit\u00fdch p\u0159edstav\u00e1m o kr\u00e1se. Foto: Expedice J. Makurova<\/em><\/p>\n

Objev zp\u016fsobil velk\u00fd rozruch, a tak poz\u016fstatky jsou nyn\u00ed vystaveny v muzeu pam\u00e1tn\u00edku „Arkaim“. Byli pozv\u00e1ni antropologov\u00e9, aby je podrobn\u011b prozkoumali. Zat\u00edm je ur\u010deno jej\u00ed st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed na 35 a\u017e 45 let. Krom\u011b toho budou hled\u00e1ny onemocn\u011bn\u00ed kost\u00ed, abnormality nebo jak\u00e9koli dal\u0161\u00ed vlastnosti. Mo\u017en\u00e1 dojde i na genetick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z 15 mohyl, a je typick\u00e9 pro 4-5. stolet\u00ed n.l., tedy z doby st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f, kdy se tyto n\u00e1rody vyd\u00e1valy na z\u00e1pad. Zb\u00fdv\u00e1 prozkoumat 14 mal\u00fdch mohyl. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee je o rodov\u00e9 poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b, i kdy\u017e kmen ko\u010doval.<\/p>\n

A d\u011bdicov\u00e9, jak se \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1, ne v\u017edy ochotn\u011b rozlou\u010dil s cenn\u00fdmi p\u0159edm\u011bty.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. Vzhledem k velk\u00e9mu rozruchu, kter\u00fd n\u00e1lez zp\u016fsobil, poz\u016fstatky jsou nyn\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bny v muzeu „Arkaim“. Foto: Expedice O. Makurova<\/em><\/p>\n

Pro\u010d je po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b zvyk deformovat lebky?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zvyk um\u011ble deformovat hlavy byl kdysi b\u011b\u017en\u00fd na v\u0161ech kontinentech krom\u011b Austr\u00e1lie. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech st\u0159edn\u00ed Afriky a Malajsk\u00e9ho souostrov\u00ed, ze st\u00e1le takov\u00e1 hlava pova\u017eov\u00e1na za ide\u00e1l kr\u00e1sy.
\nV Indii, v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b, na Uralu, v Povol\u017e\u00ed a na Krymu, pou\u017e\u00edvali metodu kruhov\u00e9ho band\u00e1\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed hlavy d\u00edt\u011bte, aby dos\u00e1hli ku\u017eelovit\u00e9ho tvaru lebky. V prekolumbijsk\u00fdch civilizac\u00edch Severn\u00ed i Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky spolu s kruhovit\u00fdm band\u00e1\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm pou\u017eili i dal\u0161\u00ed technologie. Lebku d\u00edt\u011bte tvarovali desti\u010dkami, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se dos\u00e1hlo i kl\u00ednovit\u00e9ho tvaru hlavy.
\nBiskup Diego de Landa na Yucatanu popsal tento krut\u00fd ritu\u00e1l v \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed: „Indi\u00e1ni zach\u00e1z\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi d\u011btmi velmi surov\u011b, nebo\u0165 u\u017e \u010dty\u0159i nebo p\u011bt dn\u00ed po narozen\u00ed mu upevn\u00ed hlavu do mal\u00e9 kl\u00edcky z v\u011btvi\u010dek. Tak mu sev\u0159ou hlavu mezi dv\u011bma deskami, jednu na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b, druhou na \u010delo. Takto ho dr\u017e\u00ed v ag\u00f3nii a\u017e po n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed, a\u017e se jeho hlava stane zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00e1 a deformovan\u00e1, jak to maj\u00ed ve zvyku.“
\nAmerick\u00fd um\u011blec a cestovatel George Catlin (1796 – 1872), kter\u00fd studoval \u017eivot indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch kmen\u016f, ud\u011blal n\u011bkolik kreseb t\u011bchto zvyk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Dodnes v\u011bdci nena\u0161li odpov\u011b\u010f na ot\u00e1zku: pro\u010d byl tento podivn\u00fd oby\u010dej kdysi tak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b? Nen\u00ed tak\u00e9 jasn\u00e9, jak\u00fd m\u00e1 znetvo\u0159en\u00fd tvar lebky vliv na psychiku a intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed schopnost\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy tohoto typu v\u017edy zp\u016fsob\u00ed rozruch. Ihned se vyno\u0159\u00ed \u00favahy o vlivu ciz\u00edch n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv na Zemi a jejich sexu\u00e1ln\u00edch kontaktech s pozem\u0161\u0165any.
\nMo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee takov\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 pozornost lid\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bje k nalezen\u00ed dosud chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch odpov\u011bd\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podle : http:\/\/www.kp.ru\/daily\/26414.5\/3288611\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ru\u0161t\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 v rezervaci pam\u00e1tn\u00edku „Arkaim“ (\u010celjabinsk\u00fd region) objevili starov\u011bkou hrobku, ve kter\u00e9 byla kostra \u017eeny s velmi neobvykl\u00fdm tvarem<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1619,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[41,49,76],"class_list":["post-3937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-archeologie","tag-asie","tag-rusko"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3937","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3937"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3937\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3941,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3937\/revisions\/3941"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1619"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3937"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3937"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3937"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}