{"id":3926,"date":"2024-11-10T00:38:45","date_gmt":"2024-11-09T23:38:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=3926"},"modified":"2025-06-02T01:48:57","modified_gmt":"2025-06-01T23:48:57","slug":"nasli-svedove-starovekou-hyperboreu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/11\/10\/nasli-svedove-starovekou-hyperboreu\/","title":{"rendered":"Na\u0161li \u0160v\u00e9dov\u00e9 starov\u011bkou Hyperboreu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tajemn\u00e9 kmeny na \u00fazem\u00ed \u0160v\u00e9dska. Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Hyperborei?<\/strong>
\n\"\"Tajemn\u00e1 Hyperborea (1) u\u017e dlouho rozn\u011bcuje fantazii nad\u0161enc\u016f. Podle legendy se tato zem\u011b nach\u00e1zela v bl\u00edzkosti pol\u00e1rn\u00edho kruhu („za Boreas“), a byla domovem p\u0159edk\u016f mnoha starov\u011bk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f. Ale kde p\u0159esn\u011b se nach\u00e1zela? Hypot\u00e9z je cel\u00e1 \u0159ada. Ned\u00e1vno \u0161v\u00e9d\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci na\u0161li stopy jak\u00e9hosi z\u00e1hadn\u00e9ho os\u00eddlen\u00ed ve Skandin\u00e1vii.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edpotopn\u00ed Skandin\u00e1vie<\/strong><\/p>\n

Podle vrstev v j\u00edlu je vid\u011bt, \u017ee velk\u00e9 t\u00e1n\u00ed ledu za\u010dalo v ji\u017en\u00edm \u0160v\u00e9dsku 12000 let p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem, a pokra\u010dovalo ve st\u0159edn\u00edm \u0160v\u00e9dsku kolem roku 9000 p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem.<\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00e9dsko bylo spojeno s d\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi ostrovy a Jutskem, a tedy s cel\u00fdm evropsk\u00fdm kontinentem. Vlny Baltsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e v tomto obdob\u00ed prot\u00e9kaly p\u0159es velk\u00e9 \u0159eky („\u0159eka Svea“), do Severn\u00edho mo\u0159e, kter\u00e9 tehdy sahalo do dne\u0161n\u00edho jezera V\u00e4nern.<\/p>\n

Historici proto berou Skandin\u00e1vii jako jeden celek. P\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed pozemk\u016f vhodn\u00fdch k \u017eivotu se starov\u011bc\u00ed lid\u00e9 \u010dasto st\u011bhovali v d\u016fsledku ustupuj\u00edc\u00edho ledovce, a usazovali se na nov\u00fdch m\u00edstech.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed stopy \u010dlov\u011bka ve Skandin\u00e1vii byly nalezeny u jezera Ring na poloostrov\u011b Sk\u00e5ne a u Sundara u okraje sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho G\u00f6teborgu. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee na severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm a na severn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Skandin\u00e1vie \u017eili lid\u00e9 po celou dobu ledovou.<\/p>\n

Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee tyto oblasti nebyly zaledn\u011bny i za nejchladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dob a severn\u00ed kmeny zde „p\u0159ezimovaly“ po tis\u00edce let na okraj\u00edch velk\u00e9ho ledovce, stejn\u011b jako Eskym\u00e1ci \u017eij\u00ed na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Gr\u00f3nska. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee k obydlen\u00ed zem\u011b do\u0161lo od severu a severoz\u00e1padu.<\/p>\n

Mnoho starov\u011bk\u00fdch, ale t\u011b\u017eko datovateln\u00fdch stop primitivn\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 kultury se tak\u00e9 nach\u00e1z\u00ed v severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u0160v\u00e9dska, a dokonce i na jeze\u0159e Tornetr\u00e4sk v Laponsku.<\/p>\n

V t\u011b dob\u011b v severn\u00edm \u0160v\u00e9dsku za\u010dalo t\u00e1n\u00ed ledu a postupn\u00e9 zved\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011b, ale ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st, naopak, za\u010dala klesat pod hladinu mo\u0159e … Masy tepl\u00e9 a slan\u00e9 vody z Atlantsk\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu se vlily do Baltsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Vznik \u00d6resundsk\u00e9ho a Beltsk\u00e9ho pr\u016flivu p\u0159eru\u0161ilo spojen\u00ed s d\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi ostrovy. Klima se stalo m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a vlh\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem tohoto obdob\u00ed, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, se po \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho \u0160v\u00e9dska potulovaly loveck\u00e9 a ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 kmeny. Pod\u00e9l ji\u017en\u00edho a z\u00e1padn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, to znamen\u00e1, na budouc\u00edch d\u00e1nsk\u00fdch a norsk\u00fdch provinci\u00edch, se usadili lid\u00e9, vyzbrojen\u00ed kamenn\u00fdmi (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k\u0159emenn\u00fdmi) n\u00e1stroji pro rybolov. Od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed se pohybovali do vnitrozem\u00ed pod\u00e9l \u0159ek a jezer.<\/p>\n

V nad\u011bji, \u017ee objasn\u00ed historii na severu Evropy, se \u0161v\u00e9d\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci obr\u00e1tili na podvodn\u00ed archeologii. Po v\u00edce ne\u017e sto let odhalovali poz\u016fstatky kdysi rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch zalidn\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Archeolog\u016fm se poda\u0159ilo naj\u00edt stopy starov\u011bk\u00e9 skandin\u00e1vsk\u00e9 civilizace na dn\u011b Baltsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. N\u00e1lezy pat\u0159ily do doby kamenn\u00e9. Odborn\u00edci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee to potvrzuje existenci skandin\u00e1vsk\u00e9 skupiny nom\u00e1d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed zde \u017eili asi p\u0159ed 11.000 lety. Tyto osady byly nalezeny v bl\u00edzkosti pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Sk\u00e5ne.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci se spustili na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno v z\u00e1toce Hano a b\u011bhem t\u0159\u00ed let prov\u00e1d\u011bli v\u00fdkopy v hloubce 16 metr\u016f.<\/p>\n

Nalezen\u00e9 artefakty byly pozoruhodn\u011b dob\u0159e zachoval\u00e9 kv\u016fli nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti vzdu\u0161n\u00e9ho kysl\u00edku. Na dn\u011b byly nalezeny poz\u016fstatky star\u00fdch budov, d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 \u00falomky nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, k\u0159emenn\u00fdch zbran\u00ed a n\u00e1stroj\u016f, zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed rohy, lana a dokonce provazov\u00e9 \u017eeb\u0159\u00edky.<\/p>\n

Jeden z hlavn\u00edch n\u00e1lez\u016f byla vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e1 harpuna ze zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed kosti. D\u00e1le byly nalezeny rohy a kosti tur\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eni v Evrop\u011b a\u017e do XVII. stolet\u00ed, a jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za p\u0159edky modern\u00edho skotu.<\/p>\n

Jeden z vedouc\u00edch v\u00fdzkumu, profesor archeologie z University S\u00f6dert\u00f6rn, Bj\u00f6rn Nilsson tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee kdyby zde nebyla vrstva j\u00edlu, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 organick\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky by se nepoda\u0159ilo nal\u00e9zt. Za tu dobu by se v\u0161echno d\u00e1vno obr\u00e1tilo v prach. Jen j\u00edl m\u00e1 takov\u00e9 skv\u011bl\u00e9 konzerva\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti. (2)<\/p>\n

S nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed jde o stopy ko\u010dovn\u00e9ho kmene. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v nich \u017eily \u017eeny, d\u011bti a bojovn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed je chr\u00e1nili. \u010c\u00e1st mu\u017e\u016f odch\u00e1zela pravideln\u011b na lov a rybolov, zanechali po sob\u011b jen do\u010dasn\u00e9 stopy… Starov\u011bc\u00ed lid\u00e9 dlouho s\u00eddlili na tomto m\u00edst\u011b, bohat\u00e9m na zv\u011b\u0159, ryby a divok\u00e9 severn\u00ed plody.<\/p>\n

Ale n\u00e1hl\u00e1 potopa zp\u016fsobila pokles zem\u011b, a starov\u011bk\u00fd t\u00e1bor klesl na dno mo\u0159e, a zni\u010dil stopy n\u00e1m nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 kultury. Jen dolmeny v okol\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b dnes p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed star\u00e9 \u010dasy…<\/p>\n

Archeologov\u00e9 pokra\u010duj\u00ed v hled\u00e1n\u00ed. Te\u010f doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee najdou starov\u011bk\u00e9 hrobky, kter\u00e9 obvykle daj\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o \u00farovni rozvoje spole\u010dnosti, povaze sv\u00e9 kultury, obchodn\u00edch vztaz\u00edch, druz\u00edch \u0159emesel a vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edle.<\/p>\n

Kdo v\u00ed, jestli \u0161v\u00e9d\u0161t\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 neobjevili starov\u011bkou Hyperboreu? Je zn\u00e1mo jen to, \u017ee byla n\u011bkde na severu…<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyperborea<\/a> <\/em>
\n(2) http:\/\/www.thelocal.se\/20140124\/swedes-dive-in-stone-age-excavate-site-drawing-atlantis-comparisons<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tajemn\u00e9 kmeny na \u00fazem\u00ed \u0160v\u00e9dska. Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Hyperborei?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":560,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[41,24],"class_list":["post-3926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-archeologie","tag-evropa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3926","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3926"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3926\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3929,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3926\/revisions\/3929"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}