{"id":392,"date":"2023-04-14T00:03:21","date_gmt":"2023-04-13T22:03:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=392"},"modified":"2023-04-17T23:49:54","modified_gmt":"2023-04-17T21:49:54","slug":"zahadne-nadoby-na-laoske-plani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2023\/04\/14\/zahadne-nadoby-na-laoske-plani\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 n\u00e1doby na laosk\u00e9 pl\u00e1ni"},"content":{"rendered":"

Na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech pl\u00e1n\u011b Xiangkhoang v Laosu jsou obrovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1doby, vytesan\u00e9 z p\u00edskovce nebo \u017euly. Existuj\u00ed jich tis\u00edce, jsou a\u017e t\u0159i metry vysok\u00e9 a t\u0159in\u00e1ct tun t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9.<\/strong>Nejsou o nich nijak\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy, k \u010demu a kdo je pou\u017e\u00edval. Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s podobn\u00fdmi pam\u00e1tkami ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm Vietnamu nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee vznikly kolem 500 p\u0159.n.l.<\/p>\n

Podle lid\u00ed n\u00e1rodnosti Hmong, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed na n\u00e1horn\u00ed plo\u0161in\u011b nyn\u00ed, n\u00e1doby byly vytvo\u0159eny a pou\u017eity k va\u0159en\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed r\u00fd\u017ee a alkoholu na oslavu v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed po dobyt\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed jejich kr\u00e1lem.<\/p>\n

Existuje pouze jedin\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 studie, vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 Madeleine Colani (1866 \u2013 1943), francouzskou archeolo\u017ekou z doby, kdy oblast byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9 Indo\u010d\u00edny, z roku 1930.<\/p>\n

Planina Xiangkhoang je zdrojem soli a \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0159eka Mekong se t\u00e1hne ji\u017en\u011b od n\u00ed. Tato v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 starov\u011bk\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed cesta podporuje dohady o mo\u017en\u00e9m vyu\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto n\u00e1dob. Jist\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee k oce\u00e1nu to jsou je\u0161t\u011b stovky kilometr\u016f a nikde pod\u00e9l \u0159eky ani jinde se tyto n\u00e1doby nevyskytuj\u00ed. T\u011b\u017eko mohly planinu opustit.<\/p>\n

V obdob\u00ed vzniku n\u00e1dob byl region pod kontrolou Phuansk\u00e9ho kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed, je\u017e plnilo \u00falohu n\u00e1razn\u00edkov\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma mezi v\u00e1l\u010d\u00edc\u00edmi kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edmi Muang Sa a Annam, ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdm \u010c\u00ed\u0148any.<\/p>\n

Podle jin\u00e9 teorie byly n\u00e1doby pou\u017eity k zachycen\u00ed vody z monzunov\u00fdch de\u0161\u0165\u016f pro obchodn\u00edky, proto\u017ee museli pokra\u010dovat v cest\u011b p\u0159es sporn\u00e9 pohrani\u010dn\u00ed oblasti.<\/p>\n

Ale dal\u0161\u00ed objevy u\u010din\u011bn\u00e9 Madeleine Colani a n\u011bkolik n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch expedic\u00ed od t\u00e9 doby nazna\u010duj\u00ed n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny n\u00e1doby byly pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ty men\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly nalezeny zcela pod zem\u00ed, obsahovaly kosti a n\u011bkdy i zuby.<\/p>\n

Podle spole\u010dn\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed praxe v oblasti byli zesnul\u00ed vysu\u0161eni, m\u011bkk\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b zmizely. Takto vysu\u0161en\u00e9 ostatky byly ponech\u00e1ny na vzduchu, aby je bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 l\u00e9pe sp\u00e1lit p\u0159i kremaci pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n

Colani tak\u00e9 objevila jeskyn\u011b se dv\u011bma p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi kom\u00edny, oba se stopami kou\u0159e, ur\u010den\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b ke kremaci. Proto se domn\u00edvala, \u017ee n\u00e1doby byly ur\u010deny pro uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00fdch b\u011bhem prvn\u00ed f\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed urny byly pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9, proto\u017ee je m\u011bly z\u0159ejm\u011b v dr\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 osobnost\u00ed a byly v nich i jejich \u0161perky a dary, a tak byly vykraden\u00e9. N\u00e1doby toti\u017e m\u011bly i v\u00edka, kter\u00e9 jsou poh\u00e1zeny v\u0161ude okolo. \u010c\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1doby, t\u00edm v\u00edc lidsk\u00fdch ostatk\u016f se tam na\u0161lo, proto\u017ee \u0161lo z\u0159ejm\u011b o urny pro chud\u00e9, kter\u00fdm nebylo co ukr\u00e1st.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum planiny byl pot\u00e9 na cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed ukon\u010den v d\u016fsledku druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a v\u00e1lky v Indo\u010d\u00edn\u011b. Zbytky munice zm\u011bnily planinu doslova na minov\u00e9 pole.<\/p>\n

O ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed t\u00e9to k\u0159i\u017eovatky star\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch cest bojovali monarchist\u00e9, partyz\u00e1ni Pathet Lao, severovietnamsk\u00e9 s\u00edly a Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty neust\u00e1l\u00fdm bombardov\u00e1n\u00edm podporovali kmen Hmong<\/em> (podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch kv\u016fli dod\u00e1vce opia), ale severovietnamsk\u00e9 s\u00edly je v roce 1970 potla\u010dili.<\/p>\n

Laosk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da po\u017e\u00e1dala pro planinu o status sv\u011btov\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO, pod\u00edl\u00ed se na ochran\u011b n\u00e1dob a sna\u017e\u00ed se vy\u010distit \u00fazem\u00ed od obrovsk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed munice.<\/p>\n

V roce 2005 pod veden\u00edm belgick\u00e9 archeolo\u017eky Julie Van Bergh za\u010dal prvn\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fd projekt komplexn\u00edho pr\u016fzkumu t\u00e9to lokality.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Obr. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z tis\u00edc\u016f kamenn\u00fdch n\u00e1dob pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0148 Xiangkhoang.<\/em><\/p>\n

Foto: https:\/\/kpufo.cz\/expedice\/laos18\/laos18.htm<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech pl\u00e1n\u011b Xiangkhoang v Laosu jsou obrovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1doby, vytesan\u00e9 z p\u00edskovce nebo \u017euly. Existuj\u00ed jich tis\u00edce, jsou a\u017e<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":393,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[49],"class_list":["post-392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-asie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=392"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":414,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392\/revisions\/414"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}