{"id":3846,"date":"2024-11-06T00:50:12","date_gmt":"2024-11-05T23:50:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=3846"},"modified":"2025-06-01T02:34:46","modified_gmt":"2025-06-01T00:34:46","slug":"majkopska-deska","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/11\/06\/majkopska-deska\/","title":{"rendered":"Majkopsk\u00e1 deska"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>V roce 1960 v jednom z horsk\u00fdch potok\u016f v okol\u00ed Majkopu (1), hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Adygejska na \u00fapat\u00ed Kavkazu, upoutal pozornost m\u00edstn\u00edho obyvatele blok p\u00edskovce, poset\u00e9ho z\u00e1hadn\u00fdmi symboly.<\/strong><!--more--><br \/>\nPrvn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va o tzv. Majkopsk\u00e9 desce vy\u0161la v \u010dasopise \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u2014 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0438\u00bb, \u010d.11, 1964, s.9.<\/p>\n<p>Deska byla datov\u00e1na do obdob\u00ed Majkopsk\u00e9 kultury, tzn., od poloviny 4. tis. p\u0159. n.l. do poloviny 3 tis. p\u0159.n.l.<\/p>\n<p>Na kamenn\u00e9 desce jsou znaky nebesk\u00fdch t\u011bles, lod\u00ed, ryb, rostlin, ale tak\u00e9 \u010detn\u00e9 geometrick\u00e9 tvary, petroglyfy a mo\u017en\u00e1 i hieroglyfy. To vedlo k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee jde o vzorek protop\u00edsma. Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee to je astronomick\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159, mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o cest\u011b, nebo kultovn\u00ed text, v\u011bnovan\u00fd boh\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3847 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/zaz_Majkopska1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/zaz_Majkopska1.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/zaz_Majkopska1-300x277.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee deska je nejstar\u0161\u00edm p\u00edsemn\u00fdm artefaktem, vytvo\u0159en\u00fdm domorod\u00fdmi lidmi v b\u00fdval\u00e9m Sov\u011btsk\u00e9m svazu, a dnes Ruska.<\/p>\n<p>Deska nen\u00ed podvrh, p\u0159i d\u016fkladn\u00e9 anal\u00fdze se prok\u00e1zala eroze v rytin\u00e1ch, odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed velmi dlouh\u00e9mu procesu zv\u011btr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Byly navr\u017eeny dva pokusy o de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed desky.<\/p>\n<p>Sov\u011btsk\u00fd lingvista G.F. Tur\u010daninov (1902 \u2013 1989) vyhl\u00e1sil, \u017ee rozlu\u0161til n\u00e1pis na desce pomoc\u00ed abch\u00e1zsk\u00e9ho jazyka, a ozn\u00e1mil objev A\u0161ujsk\u00e9ho p\u00edsma, kter\u00e9 podle jeho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvali p\u0159edkov\u00e9 abch\u00e1zsk\u00fdch \u2013 adygsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f. Podle jeho n\u00e1zoru deska obsahuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed text: <em>&#8222;Tohoto azegsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le Velik\u00e9ho Marny potomek (syn) je. Pevnost Aija je jeho majetek. Pagja z Hizy sem vy\u0161el v po\u010d\u00e1tku m\u011bs\u00edce set\u00ed v 21 roku, postavil (tuto) pevnost ve skal\u00e1ch, v zlatonosn\u00e9 zemi v \u00fadol\u00ed Pachu.&#8220;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>N.G. Lovpa\u010de se pokusil znaky na majkopsk\u00e9 desce porovnat s n\u00e1pisy na tzv. Meotsk\u00fdch tabulk\u00e1ch, z pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Meotsk\u00e9 kultury, kter\u00e9 se ale tak\u00e9 dosud nepoda\u0159ilo rozlu\u0161tit.<\/p>\n<p>Ozn\u00e1mil tak\u00e9 svou verzi p\u0159ekladu textu za pomoc\u00ed rekonstrukce staroadygsk\u00e9ho jazyka:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>&#8222;Velekn\u011bz Chebatu, n\u00e1m\u011bstek Boha Kasutava, 51-let\u00fd mu\u017e, p\u0159i\u0161el do sadu, vystav\u011bl m\u011bsto potomka kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho domu Sapule, mlad\u0161\u00edho bratra Arnuvady. Tis\u00edce rukou (stavitel\u016f), a Matalla a Agar (habr) dostavil vl\u00e1dcovo m\u011bsto. V 25. roce Chatama (prosperity?) vl\u00e1dce zasv\u011btil pal\u00e1covou pevnost Mae ob\u011bt\u00ed 21 ovc\u00ed bo\u017estvu obil\u00ed Chajame.&#8220;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00fdklady v\u0161ak dosud nebyly uzn\u00e1ny v\u011bdeckou komunitou.<\/p>\n<p>I kdy\u017e se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed znali p\u0159esn\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1lezu, pokou\u0161eli vytvo\u0159it kopie a prodat je sb\u011bratel\u016fm, existuje jen jedin\u00fd p\u016fvodn\u00ed exempl\u00e1\u0159. M\u00e1 kolem 500 kg a je um\u00edst\u011bn v Etnografick\u00e9m muzeu v St. Peterburgu. (2)<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>(1) <a href=\"http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Majkop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Majkop<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>(2) Podle: <a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V roce 1960 v jednom z horsk\u00fdch potok\u016f v okol\u00ed Majkopu (1), hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Adygejska na \u00fapat\u00ed Kavkazu, upoutal pozornost<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[41,49,76],"class_list":["post-3846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-archeologie","tag-asie","tag-rusko"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3846","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3846"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3846\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3848,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3846\/revisions\/3848"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3846"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3846"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3846"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}