{"id":375,"date":"2023-04-10T00:34:18","date_gmt":"2023-04-09T22:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=375"},"modified":"2023-04-13T20:10:12","modified_gmt":"2023-04-13T18:10:12","slug":"neznama-planeta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2023\/04\/10\/neznama-planeta\/","title":{"rendered":"Nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 planeta?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Ji\u017e v roce 1766 n\u011bmeck\u00fd fyzik a matematik Titius objevil pravidelnost ve vzd\u00e1lenostech planet od Slunce.<\/strong><!--more--> Podle tohoto pravidla, nazvan\u00e9ho jeho jm\u00e9nem, mezi Marsem a Jupiterem chyb\u00ed planeta.<\/p>\n<p>V roce 1801 astronomov\u00e9 objevili v t\u011bchto oblastech nov\u00e9 t\u011bleso. V\u00fdpo\u010det jeho dr\u00e1hy uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee se pohybuje \u00fa\u017easn\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b v t\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti od Slunce, kterou p\u0159edpov\u00eddal <em>Titius<\/em> ve sv\u00e9m pravidle.<\/p>\n<p>&#8222;Planeta&#8220; byla pojmenov\u00e1na <em>Ceres.<\/em> Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, v roce 1802 byla objevena <em>&#8222;planetka&#8220;<\/em> &#8211; <em>Pallas.<\/em> V roce 1804 &#8211; t\u0159et\u00ed &#8211; <em>Juno<\/em> a v roce 1807 &#8211; <em>Vesta.<\/em> V\u0161echny se pohybuj\u00ed zhruba ve stejn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti od Slunce jako <em>Ceres<\/em> &#8211; 2,8 astronomick\u00fdch jednotek (asi 420 milion\u016f km).<\/p>\n<p>Nakonec n\u011bmeck\u00fd astronom <em>Olbers<\/em> navrhl, \u017ee tyto objekty se objevily v d\u016fsledku rozlomen\u00ed jedn\u00e9 velk\u00e9 planety &#8211; <em>Phaetonu,<\/em> jeho\u017e ob\u011b\u017en\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha le\u017eela pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to vzd\u00e1lenosti &#8211; 2,8 astronomick\u00fdch jednotek. Olberts se d\u00edky t\u00e9to hypot\u00e9ze stal velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>V 60. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, legend\u00e1rn\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00fd ufolog a astronom Felix Zigel spo\u010d\u00edtal, \u017ee pr\u016fm\u011br <em>Phaetonu<\/em> mohl b\u00fdt 6880 km &#8211; o n\u011bco v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pr\u016fm\u011br Marsu. Dal\u0161\u00ed astronomov\u00e9 vypo\u010d\u00edtali, \u017ee ke zni\u010den\u00ed planety do\u0161lo asi p\u0159ed 16 miliony lety. Datum katastrofy je ale pova\u017eov\u00e1no za velmi kontroverzn\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bdci, kte\u0159\u00ed se dr\u017e\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1zor\u016f, nejsou ochotni m\u00edchat do v\u011bci mimozem\u0161\u0165any. Jedni \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee <em>Phaeton<\/em> zanikl v d\u016fsledku sope\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Druz\u00ed s\u00e1z\u00ed na odst\u0159edivou s\u00edlu, kter\u00e1 roztrhla planetu, proto\u017ee jeho rotace byla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychl\u00e1. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed vid\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu katastrofy ve sr\u00e1\u017ece s vlastn\u00edm m\u011bs\u00edcem nebo po nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9m setk\u00e1n\u00ed s Jupiterem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Existovala v\u016fbec?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hypot\u00e9zy o <em>Phaethonu<\/em> podporuj\u00ed data, z\u00edskan\u00e1 z jin\u00fdch asteroid\u016f. Astronomov\u00e9 z <em>University v Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed Florid\u011b (University of Central Florida v Orlando)<\/em>, ozn\u00e1mili, \u017ee na\u0161li vodu na asteroidu <em>24 Themis<\/em>. O jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti na povrchu asteroidu o velikosti 200 km sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed spektr\u00e1ln\u00ed obraz, z\u00edskan\u00fd pomoc\u00ed infra\u010derven\u00e9ho teleskopu NASA na Havaji.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bdci tak potvrdili d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objev sv\u00fdch koleg\u016f z univerzity<em> Johna Hopkinse (Johns Hopkins University v Laurel, Maryland)<\/em>, kte\u0159\u00ed pracovali na programu hled\u00e1n\u00ed mimozemsk\u00e9 inteligence (SETI).<\/p>\n<p>Dva nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 t\u00fdmy v\u011bdc\u016f tedy skute\u010dn\u011b potvrdily existenci vody na tomto asteroidu. Nav\u00edc oba t\u00fdmy hovo\u0159\u00ed o tom, \u017ee na povrchu asteroidu Themis byly objeveny stopy organick\u00fdch molekul.<\/p>\n<p>O n\u011bkolik let d\u0159\u00edve <em>Hubbl\u016fv vesm\u00edrn\u00fd teleskop (Hubble Space Telescope),<\/em> nalezl vodu na mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm kosmick\u00e9m t\u011blese &#8211; na ob\u0159\u00edm asteroidu Ceres o pr\u016fm\u011bru 950 kilometr\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>U jin\u00fdch asteroid\u016f byl objeven chvost, jako u komet. V\u00fdklad tohoto jevu je, \u017ee jde op\u011bt pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b tak\u00e9 o vodu a chvost je stopa po jeho odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echny v\u011bdeck\u00e9 hypot\u00e9zy \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b t\u00e9, \u017ee sem p\u0159inesl vodu slune\u010dn\u00ed v\u00edtr \u2013 nejsou o nic lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e polofantastick\u00e9, ale velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00e1zory, jako \u017ee voda byla v oce\u00e1nech Phaetonu a organick\u00e9 molekuly jsou poz\u016fstatky jeho obyvatel\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Odp\u016frci t\u00e9to hypot\u00e9zy tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee asteroidy nejsou kusy explodovan\u00e9 planety, ale naopak p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed materi\u00e1l planety, kter\u00e1 z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu nemohla vzniknout.<\/p>\n<p>P\u016fvod ledu na asteroidech zat\u00edm nen\u00ed zodpov\u011bzen.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ji\u017e v roce 1766 n\u011bmeck\u00fd fyzik a matematik Titius objevil pravidelnost ve vzd\u00e1lenostech planet od Slunce.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":388,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[60,59],"class_list":["post-375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zahady","tag-planety","tag-vesmir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/375","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=375"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/375\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":377,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/375\/revisions\/377"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/388"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=375"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=375"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=375"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}