{"id":370,"date":"2023-04-09T00:26:19","date_gmt":"2023-04-08T22:26:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=370"},"modified":"2023-04-11T23:43:45","modified_gmt":"2023-04-11T21:43:45","slug":"existuji-paralelni-svety","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2023\/04\/09\/existuji-paralelni-svety\/","title":{"rendered":"Existuj\u00ed paraleln\u00ed sv\u011bty?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kolik rozm\u011br\u016f m\u00e1 vlastn\u011b n\u00e1\u0161 vesm\u00edr?<\/strong><\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e se to nezd\u00e1, v\u0161ude okolo n\u00e1s mohou b\u00fdt jin\u00e9 dimenze. Jsou tak mal\u00e9,\u017ee si jich ani nev\u0161imneme, nebo naopak tak velk\u00e9, \u017ee si je nikdy nebudeme um\u011bt p\u0159edstavit.<\/p>\n

O t\u0159ech rozm\u011brech v\u00edme bezpe\u010dn\u011b od prvn\u00edch okam\u017eik\u016f na\u0161eho \u017eivota; na \u010dtvrt\u00fd, j\u00edm\u017e je \u010das, n\u00e1s upozornily teprve v minul\u00e9m stolet\u00ed pr\u00e1ce Hermanna Minkowsk\u00e9ho a Alberta Einsteina.<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee je tu h\u00e1\u010dek. Pohybovat se t\u0159emi sm\u011bry, zleva doprava, zdola nahoru \u010di zezadu dop\u0159edu nen\u00ed nic neobvykl\u00e9ho. Pohyb v \u010dase je v\u0161ak ur\u010den jen jedn\u00edm sm\u011brem, od minulosti k budoucnosti. \u010cty\u0159rozm\u011brn\u00fd \u010dasoprostor se tak sice m\u00edrn\u011b vymyk\u00e1 na\u0161emu ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed, ale pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky n\u011bmu se poda\u0159ilo popsat \u0159adu jev\u016f ve vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n

Byl by omyl domn\u00edvat se, \u017ee pochop\u00edme-li pohyby galaxi\u00ed, nic n\u00e1s nem\u016f\u017ee na sv\u011bt\u011b p\u0159ekvapit.
\nZ\u016fstaneme-li na m\u00edst\u011b a sestoup\u00edme-li do sv\u011bta mikro\u010d\u00e1stic, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee z\u00e1konitosti ovl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed vnit\u0159ek hmoty se nijak nepodobaj\u00ed uk\u00e1zn\u011bn\u00e9mu ob\u011bhu planet ve Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b. Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed tohoto rozporu je mo\u017en\u00e9. Jen mus\u00edme p\u0159ipustit, \u017ee vesm\u00edr m\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e jen \u010dty\u0159i rozm\u011bry.<\/p>\n

V\u0160UDYP\u0158\u00cdTOMN\u00c9 BUBLINY<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chceme-li p\u0159esn\u011b popsat polohu kter\u00e9hokoli m\u00edsta na zemi \u010di ur\u010dit rozm\u011bry n\u011bjak\u00e9ho t\u011blesa, sta\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1m k tomu t\u0159i \u00fadaje: v\u00fd\u0161ka, \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka a d\u00e9lka. S jin\u00fdmi rozm\u011bry ji\u017e m\u00e1me probl\u00e9m. Bu\u010f je m\u016f\u017eeme prost\u011b ignorovat, nebo p\u0159istoup\u00edme na tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee jsou tu, i kdy\u017e je nijak nevn\u00edm\u00e1me. Ji\u017e od dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed uva\u017eovali matematici Theodor Kaluza (1) a Oscar Klein (2) o dal\u0161\u00edch rozm\u011brech, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak jsou tak mal\u00e9, \u017ee na\u0161\u00ed pozornosti unikaj\u00ed. Jist\u00e9 je jen, \u017ee tyto rozm\u011bry nav\u00edc jsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 rozm\u011bry kone\u010dn\u00fdmi ? Jinak by toti\u017e nemohly b\u00fdt tak mal\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Jsou to zkr\u00e1tka mal\u00e9 bubliny, kter\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u201eproj\u00edt“ a vr\u00e1tit se p\u0159itom na m\u00edsto startu. Tyto rozm\u011bry jsou ve vesm\u00edru v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9, tvrd\u00ed Brian Greene, jeden z tv\u016frc\u016f tzv. teorie strun a autor knihy „Elegantn\u00ed vesm\u00edr“. (3) Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee jich je nekone\u010dn\u011b mnoho a nach\u00e1z\u00ed se na ka\u017ed\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b na\u0161eho trojrozm\u011brn\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

GRAVITACE JAKO D\u016eKAZ<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jednou z nejpodivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sil ve vesm\u00edru je gravitace. Oproti jin\u00fdm sil\u00e1m je neoby\u010dejn\u011b mal\u00e1. D\u016fkaz?
\nMagnet, kter\u00fd se vejde do kapsy, dok\u00e1\u017ee ze zem\u011b zvednout h\u0159eb\u00edk. Je tedy schopen p\u0159ekonat svou elektromagnetickou silou p\u016fsoben\u00ed gravitace, kterou p\u016fsob\u00ed miliardy tun na\u0161\u00ed planety. Pro pochopen\u00ed tohoto jevu je t\u0159eba op\u011bt s\u00e1hnout ke skryt\u00fdm rozm\u011br\u016fm.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edstavme si nyn\u00ed dvojrozm\u011brn\u00fd vesm\u00edr. T\u0159eba jako list pap\u00edru…<\/p>\n

Bude tvo\u0159it jakousi membr\u00e1nu (fyzikov\u00e9 j\u00ed \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed \u201ebr\u00e1na“) a budou v n\u00ed ulo\u017eeny v\u0161echny galaxie. Nad touto membr\u00e1nou je v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed dimenze nebo i v\u00edce dimenz\u00ed svinut\u00fdch dohromady. A nyn\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k zaj\u00edmav\u00e9mu jevu. Zat\u00edmco elektromagnetick\u00e1 s\u00edla nebo jadern\u00e9 s\u00edly z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed uvnit\u0159 membr\u00e1ny, gravitace se bude \u0161\u00ed\u0159it d\u00e1le. Doslova se rozlije do okoln\u00edch vesm\u00edr\u016f a jej\u00ed hodnota se pro n\u00e1s mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b zmen\u0161\u00ed. Tyto vesm\u00edry pak podle poznatk\u016f modern\u00ed fyziky nejsou od n\u00e1s vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 v\u00edce ne\u017e jeden milimetr, a p\u0159esto se do nich nikdy nedostaneme.<\/p>\n

POSKL\u00c1DAN\u00dd VESM\u00cdR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dnes v\u00edme, \u017ee p\u0159es devades\u00e1t procent hmoty ve vesm\u00edru unik\u00e1 na\u0161\u00ed pozornosti. Zn\u00e1me sice jej\u00ed gravita\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky, ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd teleskop ji dosud nedok\u00e1zal zachytit. Pro\u010d? Maj\u00ed-li pravdu ameri\u010dt\u00ed fyzici P. Steinhardt (4) a J. Khoury (5), je to proto, \u017ee hv\u011bzdy se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed jakoby \u201eza rohem“, neboli v jin\u00e9m z\u00e1hybu vesm\u00edru. Podle jejich p\u0159edstavy je vesm\u00edr poskl\u00e1d\u00e1n jako z\u00e1clona. Sv\u011btlo hv\u011bzd v jin\u00fdch z\u00e1hybech se mus\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159it jen po sv\u00e9 membr\u00e1n\u011b a do m\u00edsta, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00edme, proto nikdy nedoraz\u00ed. Gravitace v\u0161ak z\u00e1hyby projde a pod\u00e1 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o neviditeln\u00e9 vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 hmot\u011b. Tato hypot\u00e9za nen\u00ed sice zdaleka jedin\u00fdm vysv\u011btlen\u00edm existence neviditeln\u00e9 hmoty, ale mnoho v\u011bdc\u016f j\u00ed zcela propadlo.<\/p>\n

ZROZEN\u00cd Z OHN\u011a<\/strong><\/p>\n

Membr\u00e1ny jsou zat\u00edm jen teoretick\u00fdm pojmem. P\u0159ipust\u00edme-li v\u0161ak jejich existenci, dok\u00e1\u017eeme pomoc\u00ed nich vysv\u011btlit i takov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, jako je vznik vesm\u00edru, a to zcela nov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Zn\u00e1m\u00fd Velk\u00fd t\u0159esk, kter\u00fd st\u00e1l na po\u010d\u00e1tku vesm\u00edru, toti\u017e podle Steinhardta, Khouryho a dal\u0161\u00edch dvou v\u011bdc\u016f nebyl ni\u010d\u00edm jin\u00fdm ne\u017e koliz\u00ed dvou trojrozm\u011brn\u00fdch membr\u00e1n vzn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edch se ve \u010dtvrt\u00e9m rozm\u011bru. Tyto membr\u00e1ny neobsahovaly hmotu, ta vznikla teprve p\u0159i sr\u00e1\u017ece. V\u00fdsledkem sr\u00e1\u017eky byl vznik na\u0161eho vesm\u00edru a jeho galaxi\u00ed, kter\u00fd doprov\u00e1z\u00ed paraleln\u00ed sv\u011bt (poz\u016fstatek druh\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny n\u00e1m nav\u017edy nedostupn\u00fd). Je dokonce mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee tento proces se v ur\u010dit\u00fdch period\u00e1ch opakuje. Znovu tak o\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 u\u010den\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00fdch stoick\u00fdch filozof\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee po ur\u010dit\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u017edy bude vesm\u00edr str\u00e1ven ohn\u011bm a n\u00e1sledn\u011b vznikne vesm\u00edr nov\u00fd. Jak je vid\u011bt, p\u0159ij\u00edt s n\u011b\u010d\u00edm nov\u00fdm v oblasti pozn\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed a\u017e tak lehk\u00e9. Je-li toto pozn\u00e1n\u00ed pravdiv\u00e9, bychom se mohli dozv\u011bd\u011bt ji\u017e v nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch desetilet\u00edch\u2026<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

(1) http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theodor_Kaluza<\/a> <\/em>
\n(2) http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oskar_Klein<\/a> <\/em>
\n(3) http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brian_Greene<\/a> <\/em>
\n(4) http:\/\/www.physics.princeton.edu\/~steinh\/<\/a> <\/em>
\n(5) http:\/\/www.physics.upenn.edu\/people\/j.khoury.html<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Archiv KPUFO<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kolik rozm\u011br\u016f m\u00e1 vlastn\u011b n\u00e1\u0161 vesm\u00edr?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":373,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[58,3],"class_list":["post-370","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ufo-a-aaj","category-veda","tag-mimozemstane","tag-ufo"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=370"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":374,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370\/revisions\/374"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=370"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=370"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=370"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}