{"id":3688,"date":"2024-09-26T00:32:28","date_gmt":"2024-09-25T22:32:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=3688"},"modified":"2025-03-15T00:36:34","modified_gmt":"2025-03-14T23:36:34","slug":"dalsi-reseni-voynichova-rukopisu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/09\/26\/dalsi-reseni-voynichova-rukopisu\/","title":{"rendered":"Dal\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed Voynichova rukopisu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

V polovin\u011b kv\u011btna 2019 prob\u011bhla sv\u011btov\u00fdmi m\u00e9dii senza\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va.<\/strong>
\n– Brit Gerard Cheshire<\/em> kone\u010dn\u011b rozlu\u0161til slavn\u00fd Voynich\u016fv rukopis!<\/p>\n

D\u00edky s\u00e9rii po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch post\u0159eh\u016f pochopil: z\u00e1kladem Voynichova rukopisu je starov\u011bk\u00fd jazyk takzvan\u00fd proto-rom\u00e1nsk\u00fd, ze kter\u00e9ho se pozd\u011bji vyvinula ital\u0161tina, francouz\u0161tina, \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tina a dal\u0161\u00ed rom\u00e1nsk\u00e9 jazyky.<\/p>\n

V \u010dl\u00e1nku nazvan\u00e9m \u201eLanguage and Writing System of MS408 (Voynich) Explained\u201c (Jazyk a psan\u00ed syst\u00e9mu MS408 (Voynich)), publikovan\u00e9m v \u010dasopisu Romance Studies, p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee auto\u0159i rukopisu byly jepti\u0161ky dominik\u00e1n\u016f. \u0160lo o sb\u00edrku n\u011bjak\u00fdch podklad\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly ur\u010deny pro Marii Kastilskou – kr\u00e1lovnu Aragonie.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee v roce 1912 americk\u00fd knihkupec Wilfrid Voynich, man\u017eel Ethel Lilian Voynichov\u00e9, jen\u017e napsala legend\u00e1rn\u00ed rom\u00e1n Gadfly, objevil z\u00e1hadn\u00fd rukopis v italsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Frascat od mnich\u016f jezuitsk\u00e9 \u0161koly Mondragona. A koupil ho.<\/p>\n

Voynich\u016fv rukopis m\u00e1 262 stran o rozm\u011brech 22,5 x 16 centimetr\u016f. Str\u00e1nky jsou \u010d\u00edslov\u00e1ny – ne tajn\u00fdmi znaky, ale arabsk\u00fdmi \u010d\u00edslicemi. Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee dosud se ztratilo 14 z nich. Text je naps\u00e1n perem. Pro ilustrace jsou pou\u017eity inkousty p\u011bti barev.<\/p>\n

Rukopis se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z n\u011bkolika \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed – botanick\u00e9, astronomick\u00e9, biologick\u00e9, astrologick\u00e9, farmaceutick\u00e9 a preskrip\u010dn\u00ed. Alespo\u0148 p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00e9 kresby p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed takov\u00fd dojem.<\/p>\n

Rukopis obsahuje asi 250 tis\u00edc slov, z nich\u017e se asi 40 tis\u00edc li\u0161\u00ed. Podivn\u00fdch p\u00edsmen je nejm\u00e9n\u011b 23, ale ne v\u00edce ne\u017e 30. Na konci mnoha slov je znak, podobn\u00fd \u010d\u00edslu 9.<\/p>\n

Mezi str\u00e1nkami rukopisu byl dopis z roku 1666, od rektora pra\u017esk\u00e9 univerzity. Z dopisu vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Rudolf II., kter\u00fd vl\u00e1dl v letech 1576 a\u017e 1612, koupil rukopis za 600 duk\u00e1t\u016f, co\u017e je asi t\u0159i a p\u016fl kilogramu zlata.<\/p>\n

V roce 2009, ameri\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci z University v Arizon\u011b od\u0159\u00edzli n\u011bkolik kus\u016f z rukopisu. Proveden\u00e1 radiokarbonov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza prok\u00e1zala, \u017ee byl vytvo\u0159en mezi l\u00e9ty 1404 a 1438.<\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed je rukopis v \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti University v Yale. A opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b se mu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 „nejz\u00e1hadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rukopis na sv\u011bt\u011b“.<\/em><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va o tom, \u017ee Voynich\u016fv rukopis byl vylu\u0161t\u011bn, nen\u00ed prvn\u00ed ani posledn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nejnad\u011bjn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch stop k vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to z\u00e1hady je pouze n\u011bkolik.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety botanik Arthur O. Tucker<\/em> z University v Delaware (Delaware State University v Doveru) a IT specialista Rexford H. Talbert<\/em> dos\u00e1hli zna\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00fasp\u011bchu.<\/p>\n

Zjistili, \u017ee Voynich\u016fv rukopis<\/em> je pozoruhodn\u011b podobn\u00fd kv\u011btinov\u00e9mu herb\u00e1\u0159i \u201cCruz-Badianus<\/em>\u201d neboli \u201cAzt\u00e9ck\u00e9mu herb\u00e1\u0159i<\/em>\u201d, jak je tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1n. Ten byl vytvo\u0159en v 1552 v Nov\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b v azt\u00e9ck\u00e9m jazyce – nahuatla. Kodex obsahoval popis l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch rostlin. Jsou zobrazeny v ilustrac\u00edch, vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch v naprosto stejn\u00e9m stylu jako v „nejz\u00e1hadn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm rukopisu na sv\u011bt\u011b“.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci identifikovali na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch rukopisu kaktus, konvolulus, divok\u00e9 zel\u00ed … celkem 37 rostlin. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee v\u0161echny rostliny poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Ameriky. Nav\u00edc v inkoustu byl objeven atacamit, nerost z oblasti Atacama v Chile. Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee Voynich\u016fv rukopis byl vytvo\u0159en v Nov\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. A tedy jazykem je azt\u00e9ck\u00fd Nahuatl. Ale d\u00e1le t\u00edmto sm\u011brem Tucker a Talbert nepostupovali.<\/p>\n

Britsk\u00fd u\u010denec Stephen Bax, expert na aplikovanou lingvistiku z University v Bedfordshire, ned\u00e1vno \u201evr\u00e1til\u201c rukopis do Star\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Na\u0161el 14 p\u00edsmen, analogick\u00fdch s latinskou abecedou, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee rukopis je zalo\u017een na textu, napsan\u00e9m v jednom z jazyk\u016f St\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdchodu. Co\u017e souvis\u00ed s dal\u0161\u00edm objevem z lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku.<\/p>\n

V roce 2018 agentura CBC z Kanady ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd program, sestaven\u00fd v\u011bdci z Laborato\u0159e um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence na University v Alberta (University of Alberta) rozlu\u0161til prvn\u00ed v\u011btu Voynichova manuscriptu.<\/p>\n

Kana\u010fan\u00e9 ur\u010dili, \u017ee jazyk rukopisu je hebrejsk\u00fd. A text je velmi jednodu\u0161e za\u0161ifrov\u00e1n – jeho autor jen p\u0159euspo\u0159\u00e1dal p\u00edsmena slov a odstranil samohl\u00e1sky.<\/p>\n

Pokud lze de\u0161ifrant\u016fm v\u011b\u0159it, rukopis za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 slovy „Dala doporu\u010den\u00ed kn\u011bzi, p\u00e1novi domu, mn\u011b a lidem.“<\/em><\/p>\n

Je v\u0161ak podivn\u00e9, \u017ee po tomto \u00fasp\u011bchu se neobjevila \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va, \u017ee po prvn\u00ed v\u011bt\u011b rukopisu byla de\u0161ifrovan\u00e1 i druh\u00e1 a t\u0159et\u00ed…, kdy\u017e u\u017e je \u0161ifra tak jednoduch\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Bohu\u017eel, ani nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1va nesk\u00fdt\u00e1 nad\u011bji na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Port\u00e1l EurekAlert uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee Cheshire pracoval s rukopisem pouze dva t\u00fddny. Odborn\u00edci jeho v\u00fdvody odm\u00edtli jako v\u00fdmysly. Sama univerzita jeho \u010dl\u00e1nek ze sv\u00fdch str\u00e1nek hned druh\u00fd den st\u00e1hla.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledek: existuje spousta v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fdch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, ale dosud nikdy nebylo objasn\u011bno, co se v n\u011bm p\u00ed\u0161e. Voynich\u016fv rukopis st\u00e1le z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u201enejz\u00e1hadn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm rukopisem na Zemi\u201c. Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee badatel\u00e9 a \u0161ifranti v\u0161ech zem\u00ed by m\u011bli spojit sv\u00e9 s\u00edly a \u0159e\u0161it text spole\u010dn\u011b – nejen osam\u011bl\u00ed g\u00e9niov\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i syst\u00e9m\u016f um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, specialist\u00e9 na kryptografii, historici, lingvist\u00e9, a co je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 l\u00e9ka\u0159i, dob\u0159e orientovan\u00ed ve fyzioterapii a l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch rostlin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Voynich\u016fv rukopis nen\u00ed v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nesmysl. Existuje mnoho d\u016fkaz\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Gabriel Landini<\/em> z University v Birminghamu pou\u017eil na rukopis druh spektr\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdzy. Spektr\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdza textu bez mezer nazna\u010duje, \u017ee rukopis sd\u00edl\u00ed podobn\u00e9 vlastnosti s p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi jazyky a nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodnou sb\u00edrkou znak\u016f. Rukopis se podrobil tak\u00e9 \u201eZipfovu z\u00e1konu\u201c. George Zipf<\/em> z Harvardsk\u00e9 univerzity, kter\u00fd studoval texty mnoha jazyk\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b vyhynul\u00fdch, vytvo\u0159il rozlo\u017een\u00ed \u010detnosti v\u00fdskytu slov v sestupn\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed. K\u0159ivky m\u011bly podobu hyperboly, kter\u00e1 je charakteristick\u00fdm znakem re\u00e1ln\u00fdch jazyk\u016f. Voynich\u016fv rukopis tak\u00e9 dal hyperbolu. A to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mus\u00ed b\u00fdt rozlu\u0161titeln\u00fd.<\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017eeme jen \u010dekat. Bude zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 jednou zjistit, o \u010dem tento rukopis opravdu je.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V polovin\u011b kv\u011btna 2019 prob\u011bhla sv\u011btov\u00fdmi m\u00e9dii senza\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":318,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[41,24,51],"class_list":["post-3688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-archeologie","tag-evropa","tag-rukopis"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3688","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3688"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3688\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3689,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3688\/revisions\/3689"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/318"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}