{"id":3638,"date":"2024-10-18T00:40:57","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T22:40:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=3638"},"modified":"2025-02-25T01:20:01","modified_gmt":"2025-02-25T00:20:01","slug":"jaderne-vybuchy-zachranily-miliony-lidi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/10\/18\/jaderne-vybuchy-zachranily-miliony-lidi\/","title":{"rendered":"Jadern\u00e9 v\u00fdbuchy zachr\u00e1nily miliony lid\u00ed!"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee podzemn\u00ed testy jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed zabr\u00e1nily katastrof\u00e1ln\u00edm zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edm.<\/strong>
\nSedm nejni\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed, ke kter\u00fdm do\u0161lo za posledn\u00edch 100 let (od roku 1900) si vy\u017e\u00e1dalo \u017eivoty 1,713.000 lid\u00ed. Seismologov\u00e9 st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b nev\u011bd\u00ed, jak p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt p\u0159\u00edchod stra\u0161liv\u00fdch tektonick\u00fdch ot\u0159es\u016f.<\/p>\n

T\u0159eba zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed v Nep\u00e1lu v roce 2015, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m zahynulo asi 9.000 lid\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b n\u011bkolika t\u00fdm\u016f horolezc\u016f. (1)<\/p>\n

Ale p\u0159itom p\u0159ed p\u011bti lety ru\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci na\u0161li zp\u016fsob, kter\u00fdm by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 takovou katastrofu odvr\u00e1tit. I kdy\u017e je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 pochopit, jak je to mo\u017en\u00e9…<\/p>\n

Pod\u011bkujte studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lce!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Doktor fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b-matematick\u00fdch v\u011bd Jevgenij Polja\u010denko, z \u00dastavu neline\u00e1rn\u00edch dynamick\u00fdch proces\u016f astrofyziky a geofyziky MFTI (2) spolu s akademikem Alexejem Maximovi\u010dem Fridmanem zpo\u010d\u00e1tku hledali souvislost mezi zm\u011bnou rotace Zem\u011b a zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edm. V\u00fdpo\u010dty v\u0161ak tuto souvislost nepotvrdily.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak A. Friedman prom\u00fd\u0161lel tento probl\u00e9m, nazna\u010dil souvislost jadern\u00fdch v\u00fdbuch\u016f se zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edm. Polja\u010denko se rozhodl prov\u011b\u0159it tuto hypot\u00e9zu. Analyzoval data podzemn\u00edch jadern\u00fdch v\u00fdbuch\u016f, kter\u00e9 provedli SSSR a USA, a srovnal tyto \u00fadaje s informacemi o velk\u00fdch zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edch v obdob\u00ed od roku 1900 do roku 2008. Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee mezi l\u00e9ty 1957 a 1992 (kdy jadern\u00e9 mocnosti prov\u00e1d\u011bly maximum jadern\u00fdch test\u016f) nebyla velk\u00e1 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed o s\u00edle v\u00edce ne\u017e 8,3 ballu. Znamen\u00e1 to tedy, \u017ee pokud jsou prov\u00e1d\u011bny podzemn\u00ed jadern\u00e9 v\u00fdbuchy, pak pravd\u011bpodobnost velk\u00fdch zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed kles\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Souvislost je prost\u00e1: Jadern\u00e9 v\u00fdbuchy zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed v zemsk\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e. K devastuj\u00edc\u00edm ot\u0159es\u016fm doch\u00e1z\u00ed proto, \u017ee litosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 desky na sebe tla\u010d\u00ed navz\u00e1jem. V ur\u010dit\u00e9m bod\u011b deska nem\u016f\u017ee vydr\u017eet obrovsk\u00fd tlak a zlom\u00ed se. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed k zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed. Ale jadern\u00fd v\u00fdbuch ot\u0159ese deskou a lehce zm\u00edrn\u00ed tlak. Zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed sice jsou, ale ne tak siln\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem bylo zni\u010dit lidstvo, tak paradoxn\u011b po dobu 25 let chr\u00e1nily planetu p\u0159ed velkou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofou!<\/p>\n

Jak v\u0161ak vyu\u017e\u00edt tohoto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed? Odpalovat jadern\u00e9 n\u00e1lo\u017ee, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo siln\u00fdm zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edm?<\/p>\n

Stupe\u0148 devastace p\u0159i zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed nez\u00e1vis\u00ed na velikosti zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed, t\u0159eba t\u011bch nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch 7-8 ball\u016f, ale na bl\u00edzkosti epicentra od obydlen\u00fdch m\u00edst. Nap\u0159. zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed v Ta\u0161kentu v roce 1966 nebylo siln\u00e9, m\u011blo jen 5,2 ball\u016f. Ale epicentrum bylo v hloubce, jen 3-8 km daleko, a polovina m\u011bsta se propadla pod zem.
\nJak tento probl\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161it? Zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed by teoreticky mohlo zni\u010dit m\u011bsto, ale odpalovat jadern\u00e9 bomby v jeho bl\u00edzkosti? Co je lep\u0161\u00ed? Nevytloukal by se kl\u00edn kl\u00ednem?<\/p>\n

Jsme v paradoxn\u00ed situaci: m\u00e1me unik\u00e1tn\u00ed poznatek, ale nev\u00edme, jak jej pou\u017e\u00edt v praxi, co\u017e je ve v\u011bd\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 po celou dobu jej\u00ed existence. Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 fakta ale potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee lidstvo m\u011blo z jadern\u00fdch v\u00fdbuch\u016f alespo\u0148 n\u011bjak\u00fd prosp\u011bch. Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee \u010dasem se lid\u00e9 nau\u010d\u00ed, jak v\u0161e prov\u00e1d\u011bt bezpe\u010dn\u011b n\u011bjak\u00fdmi \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdmi v\u00fdbuchy, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bsta neohro\u017eovaly. Ale zat\u00edm nev\u00edme, jak to ud\u011blat.<\/p>\n

Fakta<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed jadern\u00fd pokus byl proveden v USA 16. \u010dervence 1945 ve st\u00e1t\u011b Nov\u00e9 Mexiko. Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz odp\u00e1lil svou prvn\u00ed jadernou bombu 29. srpna 1949. Nejprve byly jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b testov\u00e1ny v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech: na zemi, ve vzduchu, ve vesm\u00edru, pod vodou a pod zem\u00ed. V roce 1963 vstoupila v platnost dohoda o omezen\u00ed test\u016f ve t\u0159ech prost\u0159ed\u00edch, Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz a Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty omezily sv\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky na podzemn\u00ed v\u00fdbuchy.<\/p>\n

Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na podzemn\u00ed jadernou zkou\u0161ku ve vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161acht\u011b je 20-30 milion\u016f dolar\u016f. V\u00fdbuch hlavice v horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161acht\u011b – tunelu je dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed – 40-70 milion\u016f USD (v cen\u00e1ch z roku 1988).<\/p>\n

Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz jako prvn\u00ed vyhl\u00e1sil jednostrann\u00e9 moratorium na jadern\u00e9 testy. Posledn\u00ed podzemn\u00ed jadern\u00fd v\u00fdbuch provedl v roce 1990. O dva roky pozd\u011bji, Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty p\u0159estaly s testov\u00e1n\u00edm jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed.
\nJadern\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky pak prov\u00e1d\u011bly pouze Indie, P\u00e1kist\u00e1n a Severn\u00ed Korea.<\/p>\n

Celkem jadern\u00e9 mocnosti provedly v\u00edce ne\u017e dva tis\u00edce jadern\u00fdch v\u00fdbuch\u016f. P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st zkou\u0161ek prob\u011bhla v obdob\u00ed od roku 1957 do roku 1992.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed sou\u010dasnosti<\/strong><\/p>\n

28.12.1908 \u2013 Messina, It\u00e1lie, s\u00edla 7,1 \u2013 123.000 mrtv\u00fdch
\n16.12.1920 \u2013 Ninsa, \u010c\u00edna, s\u00edla 8,5 \u2013 240.000 mrtv\u00fdch
\n1.9.1923 \u2013 Kant\u00f3, Japonsko, s\u00edla 7,9 \u2013 143.000 mrtv\u00fdch
\n6.10.1948 \u2013 A\u0161chab\u00e1d, SSSR, s\u00edla 7,3 \u2013 110.000 mrtv\u00fdch
\n28.7.1976 \u2013 \u0164an-\u0161an, \u010c\u00edna, s\u00edla 8,2 \u2013 242.419 mrtv\u00fdch
\n26.12.2004 \u2013 Indick\u00fd oce\u00e1n, s\u00edla 9,3 \u2013 230.210 mrtv\u00fdch
\n12.1.2010 \u2013 Port-au-Prince, Haiti, s\u00edla 7,0 \u2013 212.000 mrtv\u00fdch<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zem%C4%9Bt%C5%99esen%C3%AD<\/a><\/em>
\n(2) https:\/\/mipt.ru\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee podzemn\u00ed testy jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed zabr\u00e1nily katastrof\u00e1ln\u00edm zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3232,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,19],"tags":[25],"class_list":["post-3638","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veda","category-zahady","tag-katastrofy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3638","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3638"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3638\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3639,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3638\/revisions\/3639"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3638"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3638"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3638"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}