{"id":3402,"date":"2024-09-03T00:22:10","date_gmt":"2024-09-02T22:22:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=3402"},"modified":"2024-11-22T21:27:25","modified_gmt":"2024-11-22T20:27:25","slug":"armenska-pyramida-dvin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/09\/03\/armenska-pyramida-dvin\/","title":{"rendered":"Arm\u00e9nsk\u00e1 pyramida Dvin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Arm\u00e9nie bylo Dvin.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Star\u00e9 arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 liter\u00e1rn\u00ed prameny uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed jm\u00e9no starobyl\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Dvin nebo Duin. Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed je Dvit, a tak je tomu i v odborn\u00e9 literatu\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>Dvin bylo velk\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed st\u0159edisko a hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 Arm\u00e9nie. Le\u017eelo severn\u011b od b\u00fdval\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta p\u0159edchoz\u00edho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Arm\u00e9nie Artaxata, na b\u0159ez\u00edch \u0159eky Metsamor, 35 km ji\u017en\u011b od sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho Jerevanu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3405 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/zaz_Armenska-pyramida2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/zaz_Armenska-pyramida2.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/zaz_Armenska-pyramida2-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Zbytky starobyl\u00e9ho m\u011bsta nejsou v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nic v\u00edc ne\u017e velk\u00fd kopec, nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se u sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Hnaberd (kousek od hlavn\u00ed silnice p\u0159es m\u011bsto).<\/p>\n<p>Systematick\u00e9 vykop\u00e1vky ve Dvinu, kter\u00e9 byly provedeny od roku 1937, p\u0159inesly velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 odhalily arm\u00e9nskou kulturu od 5. do 13. stolet\u00ed na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu.<\/p>\n<p>Starobyl\u00e9 m\u011bsto Dvin bylo postaveno kr\u00e1lem Khosrov III. v roku 335 n.l. na m\u00edst\u011b starov\u011bk\u00e9ho os\u00eddlen\u00ed a pevnosti, datuj\u00edc\u00edho se a\u017e do 3. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem.<\/p>\n<p>Tato kolonie a pyramida mohl posunout p\u0159edch\u016fdce arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9ho lidu &#8211; Togarmah \u2013 a\u017e k synu biblick\u00e9ho Noa.<\/p>\n<p>M\u011bsto bylo proto hlavn\u00edm s\u00eddlem arm\u00e9nsk\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f dynastie Arsacid. Dvin ob\u00fdvalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 100 000 obyvatel r\u016fzn\u00fdch profes\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b um\u011bn\u00ed a \u0159emesla, obchodu, ryba\u0159en\u00ed, atd&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3403 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/zaz_Armenska-pyramida0.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/zaz_Armenska-pyramida0.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/zaz_Armenska-pyramida0-300x178.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Po p\u00e1du arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed v 428 se Dvin stal s\u00eddlem byzantsk\u00e9ho guvern\u00e9ra. V roce 640 byl Dvin centrem arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9ho emir\u00e1tu. Dne 6. ledna 642 Arabov\u00e9 zah\u00e1jili \u00fatok a dobyli m\u011bsto Dvin, pobili 12.000 jeho obyvatel a 35.000 vzali do otroctv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Podle zpr\u00e1v z doby kr\u00e1l\u016f dynastie Arsacid, Dvin prosperoval jako jedno z nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejbohat\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst na v\u00fdchod Konstantinopole. Jeho v\u00fdznam pokra\u010doval i po rozd\u011blen\u00ed Arm\u00e9nie mezi \u0158\u00edmany a Per\u0161any a nakonec se stal ter\u010dem arabsk\u00fdch invaz\u00ed. Arabov\u00e9 naz\u00fdvali m\u011bsto Dabil.<\/p>\n<p>Z Dvinu poch\u00e1zeli rodi\u010de Saladina, zakladatele dynastie Ayyubid.<\/p>\n<p>Navzdory skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee Dvin byla boji\u0161t\u011bm mezi Araby a byzantsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed po dobu n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dvou stolet\u00ed, je\u0161t\u011b v 9. stolet\u00ed to bylo je\u0161t\u011b vzkv\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed m\u011bsto. \u010cast\u00e1 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed a pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed arabsk\u00fd \u00fatlak vedl k poklesu po\u010dtu obyvatel na po\u010d\u00e1tku 10. stolet\u00ed. B\u011bhem velk\u00e9ho zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed v roce 893 bylo m\u011bsto \u00fapln\u011b zni\u010deno a zahynula v\u011bt\u0161ina z jej\u00edch 70.000 obyvatel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3404 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/zaz_Armenska-pyramida1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/zaz_Armenska-pyramida1.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/zaz_Armenska-pyramida1-283x300.jpg 283w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Byzantinci Dvin p\u0159estav\u011bli v roce 1045 na Bagratunis. V roce 1064 m\u011bsto p\u0159epadli a obsadili Seld\u017eukov\u00e9 (Turci). Gruz\u00ednsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l Ji\u0159\u00ed III. dobyl m\u011bsto v roce 1173. V roce 1201 a\u017e 1203, b\u011bhem panov\u00e1n\u00ed kr\u00e1lovny Tamar, bylo m\u011bsto znovu pod gruz\u00ednskou vl\u00e1dou. V roce 1236 bylo m\u011bsto zcela zni\u010deno Mongoly.<\/p>\n<p><em>Podle:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/asbarez.com\/115969\/dvin-excavations-yield-more-ancient-artifacts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>http:\/\/asbarez.com\/115969\/dvin-excavations-yield-more-ancient-artifacts\/<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.historymuseum.am\/archsites\/?lang=eng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>http:\/\/www.historymuseum.am\/archsites\/?lang=eng<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.armeniapedia.org\/wiki\/Dvin_Ruins\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>http:\/\/www.armeniapedia.org\/wiki\/Dvin_Ruins<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><em>Yves Herbo Traductions, Sciences, F, Histoires, 20-07-2014<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Arm\u00e9nie bylo Dvin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":427,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[53,41,49,48],"class_list":["post-3402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-amerika","tag-archeologie","tag-asie","tag-pyramidy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3402","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3402"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3402\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3406,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3402\/revisions\/3406"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3402"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3402"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3402"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}