{"id":3395,"date":"2024-09-02T00:59:21","date_gmt":"2024-09-01T22:59:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=3395"},"modified":"2024-11-22T21:09:44","modified_gmt":"2024-11-22T20:09:44","slug":"anomalni-svetelne-jevy-na-mesici-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/09\/02\/anomalni-svetelne-jevy-na-mesici-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Anom\u00e1ln\u00ed sv\u011bteln\u00e9 jevy na M\u011bs\u00edci (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed p\u0159echodov\u00fdch lun\u00e1rn\u00edch jev\u016f spadaj\u00ed do \u010dty\u0159 t\u0159\u00edd<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.V\u00fdrony plynu<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 TLP mohou b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobena plynem, unikaj\u00edc\u00edm z podzemn\u00edch dutin. N\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdrony plynu jsou \u00fadajn\u011b viditeln\u00e9 sv\u00fdm v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm na\u010dervenal\u00fdm odst\u00ednem, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 se projevuj\u00ed jako b\u00edl\u00e9 mraky nebo nejasn\u00fd opar. V\u011bt\u0161ina TLP se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt spojena se zlomy na dnech kr\u00e1ter\u016f, s okraji m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch mo\u0159\u00ed, nebo jin\u00fdmi m\u00edsty, spojen\u00fdch se sope\u010dnou \u010dinnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, tato m\u00edsta jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed c\u00edle p\u0159i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce, a tato souvislost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jen pozorovac\u00ed zaujatost.<\/p>\n

V roce 2008 astrofyzik a kosmolog Arlin Crotts (12) na Kolumbijsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b analyzoval v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edc popis\u016f jev\u016f u\u017e po letech lod\u00ed Apollo. Crotts zjistil, \u017ee v bl\u00edzkosti kr\u00e1teru Aristarchos byly hl\u00e1\u0161eny ob\u010dasn\u00e9 emise radonu. Tyto \u00fadaje zaznamenaly detektory alfa-\u010d\u00e1stic, kter\u00e9 byly na palub\u00e1ch Apollo 15, Apollo 16 a na lun\u00e1rn\u00ed ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze je v roce 1998 zachytil Lunar Prospector. Jeho spektrometr uk\u00e1zal ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdron radonu z povrchu. (13) Dokonce b\u011bhem t\u00e9to dvoulet\u00e9 mise plyn radon vych\u00e1zel z bl\u00edzkosti kr\u00e1ter\u016f Aristarchos a Kepler.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Jak by ov\u0161em mohly z\u00e1blesky souviset s emisemi radonu? Crotts nab\u00edz\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed: ve v\u0161ech zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch oblastech na povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce jsou trhliny v m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed k\u016f\u0159e, radon skrze n\u011b p\u0159ijde na povrch, a vytvo\u0159\u00ed t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed uvoln\u011bn\u00edm tlaku dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00fd prostor. Podle jeho v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f, 500 kg plynu, uvoln\u011bn\u00e9ho z m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho povrchu, by mohl vytvo\u0159it oblak prachu a plynu do velikosti n\u011bkolika kilometr\u016f. Tento mrak m\u016f\u017ee setrvat ve stabiln\u00edm stavu po dobu 5 a\u017e 10 minut. P\u0159\u00edtomnost takov\u00e9ho mraku m\u016f\u017ee m\u011bnit schopnost m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho povrchu odrazivost slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla, vzhledem k p\u0159\u00edtomnosti velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed prachov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic v bl\u00edzkosti povrchu. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0161ak ot\u00e1zka p\u016fvodu radonu na M\u011bs\u00edci.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee radon je meziprodukt p\u0159i rozpadu radioaktivn\u00edho uranu, je p\u0159irozen\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat p\u0159\u00edtomnost uranu v hornin\u00e1ch M\u011bs\u00edce. Probl\u00e9m je naj\u00edt d\u016fvod, pro\u010d by se produkty radioaktivn\u00edho rozpadu uranu koncentrovaly do tak m\u00e1la v\u00fdstupn\u00edch m\u00edst na m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm povrchu. Net\u0159eba dod\u00e1vat, \u017ee tyto v\u00fdzkumy mohou v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko spojen\u00e9 s vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm m\u00edst p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed budouc\u00edch sond a lidsk\u00fdch pos\u00e1dek na M\u011bs\u00edci.<\/p>\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2011 do\u0161lo k nov\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u011bteln\u00fdch efekt\u016f v oblasti, kde dosud nebyl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1znak odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed radonu z povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>\n

2. Dopady t\u011bles<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dopady t\u011bles se na M\u011bs\u00edci odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed neust\u00e1le. Z\u00e1blesky by se projevovaly p\u0159i dopadech meteorick\u00fdch roj\u016f.<\/p>\n

Mraky prachu byly zji\u0161t\u011bny po sr\u00e1\u017ece evropsk\u00e9 sondy ESA SMART-1 (14) indick\u00e9 sondy Moon Impact Probe (15) a americk\u00e9 NASA LCROSS (16).<\/p>\n

3. Elektrostatick\u00e9 jevy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed TLP jsou elektrostatick\u00e9 v\u00fdboje. Jednou z mo\u017enost\u00ed je, \u017ee jde o elektrodynamick\u00e9 efekty spojen\u00e9 s rozlomen\u00edm povrchov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, nebo v\u00fdboje mezi m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm plynem a p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edm slune\u010dn\u00edm v\u011btrem. (17)<\/p>\n

4. Nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 pozorovac\u00ed podm\u00ednky<\/strong><\/p>\n

Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee \u0159ada p\u0159echodn\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch jev\u016f nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u016fbec spojena s M\u011bs\u00edcem, ale mohla by b\u00fdt v\u00fdsledkem nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch pozorovac\u00edch podm\u00ednek nebo jev\u016f spojen\u00fdch se Zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad, n\u011bkter\u00e9 hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 jevy jsou objekty, pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se bl\u00edzko pozemsk\u00fdch dalekohled\u016f. Tak\u00e9 pozemsk\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu naru\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by mohlo b\u00fdt zam\u011bn\u011bno s aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm jevem (efekt zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako astronomick\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed). Jin\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt spojeno se zachycen\u00edm satelit\u016f a meteor\u016f, nebo chyby p\u0159i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. (18)<\/p>\n

Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m se zpr\u00e1vami o p\u0159echodn\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch jevech je to, \u017ee drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich byla sledov\u00e1na bu\u010f jedin\u00fdm pozorovatelem, nebo jen z jedin\u00e9ho m\u00edsta na Zemi (nebo oboj\u00ed).<\/p>\n

D\u016fkazem, podporuj\u00edc\u00ed jejich existenci, by bylo v\u00edce zpr\u00e1v o pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed jedin\u00e9ho jevu, zejm\u00e9na z r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edst na Zemi.<\/p>\n

Proto p\u0159i absenci zpr\u00e1v od v\u00edce o\u010dit\u00fdch sv\u011bdk\u016f mus\u00ed b\u00fdt hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o TPL posuzov\u00e1na velmi opatrn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Vznik\u00e1 mo\u017enost, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto ud\u00e1lost\u00ed je zp\u016fsobena zemskou atmosf\u00e9rou. Jedin\u011b sledov\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho jevu na M\u011bs\u00edci ze dvou r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edst na Zemi sou\u010dasn\u011b, by mohlo vylou\u010dit atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd p\u016fvod jevu.<\/p>\n

Tato, ani jin\u00e1 teorie dosud pln\u011b nevysv\u011btlila p\u0159echodn\u00e9 a n\u00e1hl\u00e9 sv\u011bteln\u00e9 jevy na M\u011bs\u00edci. Jak\u00e9koli nov\u00e9 informace o m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch anom\u00e1li\u00edch mohou nejen doplnit databanku fakt\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 pomoci pochopit podstatu m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch proces\u016f, i dal\u0161\u00edch, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b – v kosmick\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/p>\n

Jeden pokus p\u0159ekonat v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s p\u0159echodn\u00fdmi jevy zpr\u00e1v byla provedena b\u011bhem mise Clementine (19) za pomoci s\u00edt\u011b amat\u00e9rsk\u00fdch astronom\u016f. N\u011bkolik ud\u00e1losti bylo hl\u00e1\u0161eno, z toho \u010dty\u0159i z nich byly fotografov\u00e1ny p\u0159edem a pot\u00e9 za pomoc\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 lodi. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, pe\u010dliv\u00e1 anal\u00fdza t\u011bchto obraz\u016f nevykazuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u0159eteln\u00e9 rozd\u00edly na t\u011bchto m\u00edstech. To nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b znamenat, \u017ee tyto zpr\u00e1vy jsou v\u00fdsledkem chybov\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, ale je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee ud\u00e1lost na m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm povrchu nemus\u00ed zanechat viditelnou stopu.<\/p>\n

Ji\u017e d\u00e1vno nastala pot\u0159eba, pokud ne trval\u00e9ho, tak alespo\u0148 pravideln\u00e9ho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed (monitoringu) lun\u00e1rn\u00edho povrchu amat\u00e9rsk\u00fdmi astronomy. Pro profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed astronomy a observato\u0159e je M\u011bs\u00edc p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd objekt.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b koordinov\u00e1na Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers (20) a British Astronomical Association (21) s c\u00edlem sledovat m\u00edsta, kde byly p\u0159echodn\u00e9 lun\u00e1rn\u00ed jevy hl\u00e1\u0161eny v minulosti.<\/p>\n

Pokud by do\u0161lo k pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9ho\u017e jevu v\u00edce astronomy, mohlo by to znamenat \u0161anci pro v\u00fdpo\u010det nejen sou\u0159adnic, ale tak\u00e9 – a to je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed – v\u00fd\u0161ky, ve kter\u00e9 se jev nach\u00e1z\u00ed, a mo\u017en\u00e1 i jeho velikost (ani jedno, ani druh\u00e9 nelze vypo\u010d\u00edtat p\u0159i pohledu jen z jednoho bodu).<\/p>\n

T\u00edm, \u017ee se bude dokumentovat vzhled t\u011bchto m\u00edst za podm\u00ednek stejn\u00e9ho osv\u011btlen\u00ed a podm\u00ednek, bude mo\u017en\u00e9 posoudit, zda n\u011bkter\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy vznikly prost\u011b jen kv\u016fli \u0161patn\u00e9 interpretaci p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho jevu. Nav\u00edc v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch obraz\u016f, je mo\u017en\u00e9 simulovat atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 spektr\u00e1ln\u00ed disperze, astronomick\u00e9 rozmaz\u00e1n\u00ed a rozptylu sv\u011btla atmosf\u00e9rou a ur\u010dit, zda tyto jevy by mohly vysv\u011btlit n\u011bkter\u00e9 star\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o TLP.<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(11) Audouin Dollfus, A (2000). „Langrenus: Transient Illuminations on the Moon“. Icarus 146 (2): 430\u2013443. Bibcode:2000Icar..146..430D. doi:10.1006\/icar.2000.6395.<\/em>
\n(12) http:\/\/user.astro.columbia.edu\/~arlin\/research.html<\/a> <\/em>
\n(13) S. Lawson, W. Feldman, D. Lawrence, K. Moore, R. Elphic, and R. Belian, Stefanie L. (2005). „Recent outgassing from the lunar surface: the Lunar Prospector alpha particle spectrometer“. J. Geophys. Res. 110: E09009. Bibcode:2005JGRE..11009009L. doi:10.1029\/2005JE002433.<\/em>
\n(14) „SMART-1 impact flash and dust cloud seen by the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope“. 2006.<\/em>
\n(15) http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moon_Impact_Probe<\/a> <\/em>
\n(16) http:\/\/lcross.arc.nasa.gov\/<\/a> <\/em>
\n(17) Richard Zito, R (1989). „A new mechanism for lunar transient phenomena“. Icarus 82 (2): 419\u2013422. Bibcode:1989Icar…82..419Z. doi:10.1016\/0019-1035(89)90048-1.<\/em>
\n(18) „Lunar impact monitoring“. NASA. <\/em>
\n(19) http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clementine_%28spacecraft%29<\/a> <\/em>
\n(20) http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Association_of_Lunar_and_Planetary_Observers<\/a> <\/em>
\n(21) http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Astronomical_Association<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed p\u0159echodov\u00fdch lun\u00e1rn\u00edch jev\u016f spadaj\u00ed do \u010dty\u0159 t\u0159\u00edd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":463,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[64],"class_list":["post-3395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zahady","tag-mesic"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3395"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3395\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3401,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3395\/revisions\/3401"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}