{"id":3393,"date":"2024-08-19T00:52:35","date_gmt":"2024-08-18T22:52:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=3393"},"modified":"2024-11-22T21:06:29","modified_gmt":"2024-11-22T20:06:29","slug":"anomalni-svetelne-jevy-na-mesici-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/08\/19\/anomalni-svetelne-jevy-na-mesici-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Anom\u00e1ln\u00ed sv\u011bteln\u00e9 jevy na M\u011bs\u00edci (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Anom\u00e1ln\u00ed sv\u011bteln\u00e9 jevy na M\u011bs\u00edci jsou dlouhodob\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jevem.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Byly pozorov\u00e1ny a fotografov\u00e1ny des\u00edtky let. Na neobydlen\u00e9m M\u011bs\u00edci byly pozorov\u00e1ny kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 i dlouhodob\u00e9 sv\u011bteln\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 z\u00e1blesky, stacion\u00e1rn\u00ed nebo pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se sv\u011btla i st\u00edny, nebo zm\u011bny vzhledu na povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed dnes cel\u00fd seznam „m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch anom\u00e1li\u00ed,“ ofici\u00e1ln\u011b naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch jako \u201eP\u0159echodn\u00fd lun\u00e1rn\u00ed jev\u201c (Transient lunar phenomenon – TLP), nebo lun\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159echodn\u00fd jev (lunar transient phenomenon – LTP).<\/p>\n

Term\u00edn \u201eTransient lunar phenomenon\u201c byl vytvo\u0159en Patrickem Moore z NASA v Technical Report R-277 \u201eChronologick\u00fd katalog hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed,\u201c kter\u00fd byl zve\u0159ejn\u011bn v roce 1968.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0159e na M\u011bs\u00edci trv\u00e1 od jedn\u00e9 minuty do n\u011bkolika hodin, a b\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby se jasnost m\u016f\u017ee r\u016fzn\u011b zesilovat nebo zeslabovat. P\u0159echodn\u00e9 lun\u00e1rn\u00ed jevy zahrnuj\u00ed rozmez\u00ed \u00fakaz\u016f od mlhav\u00fdch a\u017e po trval\u00e9 zm\u011bny na m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed krajin\u011b. Podobn\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch jev\u016f je zaznamen\u00e1no p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm 1000 za rok, n\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou pozorovan\u00e9 nez\u00e1visle na sob\u011b n\u011bkolika sv\u011bdky \u010di renomovan\u00fdmi v\u011bdci.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Je zn\u00e1mo 6 oblast\u00ed m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho povrchu, kde takov\u00e9 jevy sledovali r\u016fzn\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9. Je to 45 km velk\u00fd kr\u00e1ter Aristarchos, kr\u00e1ter Plat\u00f3n (pr. 100 km), Mo\u0159e kriz\u00ed, kr\u00e1tery Grimaldi, Tycho, Copernicus a Kepler).<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, v\u011bt\u0161ina zpr\u00e1v o p\u0159echodn\u00fdch lun\u00e1rn\u00edch jevech jsou nereprodukovateln\u00e9 a nemaj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 kontroln\u00ed mechanismy, kter\u00e9 by mohly b\u00fdt pou\u017eity k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed hypot\u00e9z a k vysv\u011btlen\u00ed jejich p\u016fvodu. Tak jen m\u00e1lo zpr\u00e1v o t\u011bchto jevech byly publikov\u00e1ny v recenzovan\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u010dasopisech.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina v\u011bdc\u016f se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159echodn\u00e9 lun\u00e1rn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti, jako jsou z\u00e1blesky, sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed jen o dopadu meteorit\u016f na m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed povrch. Spor spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v \u010detnosti t\u011bchto ud\u00e1lost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1jem o tyto jevy po letu na M\u011bs\u00edc na konci 60 a na po\u010d\u00e1tku 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed pon\u011bkud ochabl. Spory o podstatu jev\u016f v\u0161ak p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed dodnes.<\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed dva rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 katalogy p\u0159echodn\u00fdch lun\u00e1rn\u00edch jev\u016f. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuje 2254 ud\u00e1lost\u00ed u\u017e od 6. stolet\u00ed n.l. Asi jedna t\u0159etina jev\u016f poch\u00e1z\u00ed z okol\u00ed n\u00e1horn\u00ed plo\u0161iny kr\u00e1teru Aristarchus.<\/p>\n

Nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159echodn\u00e9 jevy:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dne 18. \u010dervna 1178<\/strong>, p\u011bt nebo v\u00edce mnich\u016f z Canterbury zaznamenaly z\u00e1blesky na M\u011bs\u00edci kr\u00e1tce po z\u00e1padu slunce.<\/p>\n

V roce 1976 Jack Hartung navrhl, \u017ee \u0161lo o vznik kr\u00e1teru Giordano Bruna. Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed studie nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee to je velmi nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9. Miliony tun trosek lun\u00e1rn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu z 22 km \u0161irok\u00e9ho kr\u00e1teru by vedlo k neb\u00fdvale intenzivn\u00ed t\u00fddenn\u00ed meteorick\u00e9 bou\u0159i na Zemi, ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 historick\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy z r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed sv\u011bta se o n\u011b\u010dem takov\u00e9m nezmi\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee skupina mnich\u016f, jako jedin\u00ed sv\u011bdci jevu, vid\u011bli atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd v\u00fdbuch meteoru nad Zem\u00ed, na pozad\u00ed mnohem vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edho M\u011bs\u00edce. (1)<\/p>\n

V noci 19. dubna 1787<\/strong> si britsk\u00fd astronom sir William Herschel v\u0161iml t\u0159\u00ed \u010derven\u00fdch skvrn, z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00edch na temn\u00e9 stran\u011b M\u011bs\u00edce. (2) Informoval kr\u00e1le Ji\u0159\u00edho III. a dal\u0161\u00ed astronomov\u00e9 potvrdili jeho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. Herschel p\u0159ipsal jevy v\u00fdbuchu sopky a popsal jas jako v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jas komety, kter\u00e1 byla objevena na 10. dubna 1787. K jeho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed do\u0161lo b\u011bhem siln\u00e9 severn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e, viditeln\u00e9 a\u017e nad italskou Padovou, co\u017e, p\u0159i takov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti od severn\u00edho p\u00f3lu, je velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00e9. (3)<\/p>\n

V roce 1866,<\/strong> zku\u0161en\u00fd m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed pozorovatel Julius Schmidt prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee kr\u00e1ter Linn\u00e9 zm\u011bnil sv\u016fj vzhled. Na d\u0159\u00edve proveden\u00fdch v\u00fdkresech z let 1841 a 1843, kr\u00e1ter „v dob\u011b \u0161ikm\u00e9ho osv\u011btlen\u00ed nelze v\u016fbec vid\u011bt“ (4). Od t\u00e9 doby byl viditeln\u00fd jako sv\u011btl\u00fd bod. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je kr\u00e1ter Linn\u00e9 vid\u011bt jako norm\u00e1ln\u00ed mlad\u00fd impaktn\u00ed kr\u00e1ter o pr\u016fm\u011bru asi 2,4 km.<\/p>\n

2. listopadu 1958<\/strong> sov\u011btsk\u00fd astronom Nikolaj A. Kozyrev pozoroval p\u016flhodinov\u00fd „v\u00fdbuch“ na centr\u00e1ln\u00edm vrcholu kr\u00e1teru Alphonsus, za pomoci 122 cm dalekohledu, vybaven\u00e9ho spektrometrem. Spektra uk\u00e1zala d\u016fkazy o jasn\u00fdch plynn\u00fdch emis\u00edch. N\u00e1sledoval „v\u00fdrazn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst jasu centr\u00e1ln\u00ed oblasti a neobvykl\u00e9 b\u00edl\u00e9 barvy. Potom „najednou jas za\u010dal klesat“ a v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 spektrum bylo norm\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dne 29. \u0159\u00edjna 1963<\/strong> kartografov\u00e9 James Clarke Greenacre a Edward M. Barr (5) z Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, Arizona, zaznamenali velmi jasn\u011b \u010derven\u00e9, oran\u017eov\u00e9 a r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 jevy na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b kopce jihov\u00fdchodn\u011b od m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho \u00fadol\u00ed Vallis Schr\u00f6teri; a jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed vnit\u0159ek okraje kr\u00e1teru Aristarchus. Tato ud\u00e1lost vyvolala z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bny v p\u0159\u00edstupu ke zpr\u00e1v\u00e1m o TLP.<\/p>\n

V noci z 1. na 2. listopad 1963<\/strong>, n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed po t\u00e9to ud\u00e1losti, na Observatoire du Pic-du-Midi ve francouzsk\u00fdch Pyrenej\u00edch, Zden\u011bk Kopal (6) a Thomas Rackhama (7), ud\u011blali prvn\u00ed fotografie „lun\u00e1rn\u00ed luminiscence“ (8) a publikovali je v \u010dasopise Scientific American.<\/p>\n

Kopal, stejn\u011b jako ostatn\u00ed, tvrdil, \u017ee slune\u010dn\u00ed energetick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice by mohla b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou takov\u00e9ho jevu. (9)<\/p>\n

Astronomov\u00e9 v z\u00e1padon\u011bmeck\u00e9m Bochumu pozorovali v \u010dervenci 1969<\/strong> jasnou z\u00e1\u0159i na m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm povrchu. Zpr\u00e1va byla p\u0159ed\u00e1na do Houstonu a odtud na pr\u00e1v\u011b prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed misi Apollo 11. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 okam\u017eit\u011b Armstrong hl\u00e1sil, \u017ee je skute\u010dn\u011b na m\u00edst\u011b oblast, kter\u00e1 sv\u00edt\u00ed podstatn\u011b v\u00edce, ne\u017e okol\u00ed. (10)<\/p>\n

29. prosince 1992<\/strong> hl\u00e1sil Aldouin Dollfus z Observatoire de Paris anom\u00e1ln\u00ed jev, zpozorovan\u00fd na dn\u011b kr\u00e1teru Langrenus za pomoc\u00ed dalekohledu 1 m. (11) O t\u0159i dny pozd\u011bji se uk\u00e1zala podobn\u00e1, ale men\u0161\u00ed anom\u00e1lie na stejn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b. Nejprosazovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hypot\u00e9za byla, \u017ee to byl d\u016fsledek rozptylu sv\u011btla z oblaku \u010d\u00e1stic p\u0159i uvoln\u011bn\u00ed plynu. Zdrojem plynu byla trhlina na dn\u011b kr\u00e1teru.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 anom\u00e1lie byla zaznamen\u00e1na 29.dubna 2007<\/strong>, kdy italsk\u00fd astronom zaznamenal l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed objekt v bl\u00edzkosti M\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) „The Mysterious Case of Crater Giordano Bruno“. NASA. Retrieved 13 July 2013. <\/em>
\n(2) Herschel, W. (1956, May). Herschel\u2019s \u2018Lunar volcanos.\u2019 Sky and Telescope, pp. 302-304. (Reprint of An Account of Three Volcanos in the Moon, William Herschel\u2019s report to the Royal Society on April 26, 1787, reprinted from his Collected Works (1912)) <\/em>
\n(3) Kopal, Z. (December 1966). „Lunar flares“. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Leaflets 9: 401\u2013408. <\/em>
\n(4) J. F. Julius Schmidt (1867). „The Lunar Crater Linne“. Astronomical register 5: 109\u2013110. Bibcode:1867AReg….5..109S.<\/em>
\n(5) Greenacre, J. A. (December 1963). „A recent observation of lunar colour phenomena“. Sky & Telescope 26 (6): 316\u2013317. Bibcode:1963S&T….26..316G.<\/em>
\n(6) Meaburn, J. (June 1994). „Z. Kopal“. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 35: 229\u2013230. Bibcode:1994QJRAS..35..229M. <\/em>
\n(7) Moore, P. (2001). „Thomas Rackham, 1919\u20132001“. Journal of the British Astronomical Association 111 (5): 291. Bibcode:2001JBAA..111..291M.<\/em>
\n(8) Kopal, Z.; Rackham, T. W. (1963). „Excitation of lunar luminescence by solar activity“. Icarus 2: 481\u2013500. Bibcode:1963Icar….2..481K. doi:10.1016\/0019-1035(63)90075-7.<\/em>
\n(9) Kopal, Z.; Rackham, T. W. (March 1964). „Lunar luminescence and solar flares“. Sky & Telescope 27 (3): 140\u2013141. Bibcode:1964S&T….27..140K. <\/em>
\n(10) Time Magazine, Friday, Jul. 25, 1969 „A GIANT LEAP FOR MANKIND“<\/em><\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Anom\u00e1ln\u00ed sv\u011bteln\u00e9 jevy na M\u011bs\u00edci jsou dlouhodob\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jevem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":463,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[64],"class_list":["post-3393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zahady","tag-mesic"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3393","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3393"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3399,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3393\/revisions\/3399"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}