{"id":3387,"date":"2024-08-27T00:24:31","date_gmt":"2024-08-26T22:24:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=3387"},"modified":"2025-12-02T01:48:53","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T00:48:53","slug":"albigensti-kaciri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/08\/27\/albigensti-kaciri\/","title":{"rendered":"Albigen\u0161t\u00ed kac\u00ed\u0159i"},"content":{"rendered":"

V Languedoku, na Poli mu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f, dnes stoj\u00ed stroh\u00fd b\u00edl\u00fd obelisk.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"Languedock\u00e9 hrabstv\u00ed sahalo od Aquit\u00e1nie po Provence. Jeho p\u00e1nov\u00e9, toulousk\u00e1 hrabata, byli natolik mocn\u00ed, \u017ee se jim p\u0159ezd\u00edvalo \u201ekr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Jihu\u201c. Jestli\u017ee v\u0161ak na severu dosud vl\u00e1dl katolicismus, na panstv\u00edch toulousk\u00fdch hrabat se st\u00e1le v\u00edce \u0161\u00ed\u0159ila nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 hereze, pronikaj\u00edc\u00ed do Francie ze vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 Asie.<\/p>\n

Albi, Toulouse, Foix, Carcassonne, tak se mno\u017eil po\u010det t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed byli pozd\u011bji nazv\u00e1ni katary (z \u0159eck\u00e9ho katharos = \u010dist\u00fd), \u010di Albigen\u0161t\u00ed, nebo\u0165 poprv\u00e9 o sob\u011b dali v\u011bd\u011bt pr\u00e1v\u011b v Albi.<\/p>\n

\u201eNen\u00ed jeden, ale dva bohov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed soupe\u0159\u00ed o vl\u00e1du nad sv\u011btem \u2013 b\u016fh dobra a b\u016fh zla. Nesmrteln\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 du\u0161e se obrac\u00ed k bohu dobra, ale jej\u00ed pom\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed schr\u00e1nka t\u00edhne k temn\u00e9mu bohu.“<\/p>\n

Takov\u00e9 bylo u\u010den\u00ed katar\u016f. Ve \u0161pi\u010dat\u00fdch \u010depic\u00edch chaldejsk\u00fdch hv\u011bzdopravc\u016f a \u010dern\u00fdch od\u011bvech p\u0159ep\u00e1san\u00fdch provazem kr\u00e1\u010deli pra\u0161n\u00fdmi cestami Languedoku a hl\u00e1sali svou v\u00edru. To byli takzvan\u00ed \u201eDokonal\u00ed\u201c, kte\u0159\u00ed slo\u017eili tvrd\u00fd slib asketismu.<\/p>\n

Ostatn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 Languedoku v\u0161ak \u017eili b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm, vesel\u00fdm a ru\u0161n\u00fdm \u017eivotem, h\u0159e\u0161ili jako ka\u017ed\u00fd smrteln\u00edk a radovali se ze \u017eivota, co\u017e jim nebr\u00e1nilo v \u00fact\u011b dodr\u017eovat ona nemnoh\u00e1 p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed, ke kter\u00fdm je vedli \u201edokonal\u00ed“.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z t\u011bchto p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed zn\u00ed: \u201eNeprolije\u0161 krve“. To bylo kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed! Kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 ve v\u0161ech dob\u00e1ch, je\u017e d\u011bsilo mocn\u00e9 tohoto sv\u011bta snad je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e sama doktr\u00edna katar\u016f. P\u0159itom v\u0161ak symbol v\u00edry a zp\u016fsob \u017eivota od sebe nelze odd\u011blovat. Sv\u011bt existuje v\u011b\u010dn\u011b, u\u010dili kata\u0159i, nem\u00e1 ani po\u010d\u00e1tku, ani konce. Zem\u011b nemohla b\u00fdt stvo\u0159ena bohem, nebo\u0165 to by znamenalo, \u017ee B\u016fh stvo\u0159il n\u011bco nedokonal\u00e9ho… Kristus \u2014 \u010dlov\u011bk se nikdy nenarodil, ne\u017eil ani na Zemi nezem\u0159el, proto\u017ee evangelick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o Kristu je smy\u0161lenkou katolick\u00fdch kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed. K\u0159est je bezcenn\u00fd, proto\u017ee se prov\u00e1d\u00ed u nemluv\u0148at nemaj\u00edc\u00edch rozum a nijak nechr\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka p\u0159ed budouc\u00edmi h\u0159\u00edchy… K\u0159\u00ed\u017e nen\u00ed symbolem v\u00edry, ale mu\u010d\u00edc\u00edm n\u00e1strojem.<\/p>\n

To samoz\u0159ejm\u011b sta\u010dilo k pozvednut\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta na k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00fd pochod proti morov\u00e9 n\u00e1kaze \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed se z jihu. Z\u00e1jmy c\u00edrkve se tu cele shodovaly s tajn\u00fdmi \u00famysly francouzsk\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f. Filip II. August a po n\u011bm i Ludv\u00edk VIII. si u\u017e d\u00e1vno brousili zuby na bohat\u00e9 toulousk\u00e9 hrabstv\u00ed, jeho\u017e p\u0159ipojen\u00ed ke kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 dom\u00e9n\u011b by bylo tak p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9. A tady jim p\u0159\u00edm nahr\u00e1vaj\u00ed pov\u011bsti o tom, \u017ee Raimund VI., hrab\u011b z Toulouse je kac\u00ed\u0159, \u017ee neuzn\u00e1v\u00e1 katolick\u00e9 sv\u00e1tosti, odm\u00edt\u00e1 trojici bo\u017e\u00ed, peklo i o\u010distec a pozemsk\u00fd \u017eivot ozna\u010duje za Satan\u016fv v\u00fdtvor.<\/p>\n

Co\u017e mu\u017ee b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159\u00edhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed doba? Nen\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f \u010das svolat barony a troubit na pochod?<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edm v\u0161ak se zah\u00e1jen\u00edm pochodu ot\u00e1lel a m\u011bl pro to d\u016fvody. Jeden z nich spo\u010d\u00edval nejsp\u00ed\u0161 ve skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee kata\u0159i \u0161\u00ed\u0159ili svou v\u011brouku v nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tajnosti. Vyzv\u011bda\u010di nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho pontifika nedok\u00e1zali uspokojiv\u011b zodpov\u011bd\u011bt ani nejz\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z ot\u00e1zek sv\u00e9ho p\u00e1na. Jak\u00e9 maj\u00ed albigen\u0161t\u00ed ob\u0159ady? Kde konaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 bohoslu\u017eby, maj\u00ed v\u016fbec n\u011bjak\u00e9? Nic jist\u00e9ho o katarech se v\u0161ak zjistit nepoda\u0159ilo. Dost mo\u017en\u00e1 to zp\u016fsobila d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1, nanejv\u00fd\u0161 lidsk\u00e1 z\u00e1sada katar\u016f: Tura perjura, secretum prodere noli! (Poni\u017e se a klamej, ale tajemstv\u00ed nevyzrazuj!)<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b se toho v\u0161ak o nov\u00e9m kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed v\u011bd\u011blo, t\u00edm stra\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed se zd\u00e1lo.<\/p>\n

\u201eKata\u0159i jsou ohavn\u00ed kac\u00ed\u0159i!“ volali z kazatelen katoli\u010dt\u00ed biskupov\u00e9. \u201eOhn\u011bm t\u0159eba je sp\u00e1lit, aby ani s\u00e9m\u011b nez\u016fstalo.“<\/p>\n

Pape\u017e Inocenc III. vyslal do Languedoku sv\u00e9ho tajn\u00e9ho zv\u011bda, \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho mnicha Dominga de Guzm\u00e1n, kter\u00fd byl pozd\u011bji prohl\u00e1\u0161en za svat\u00e9ho. Dominik, zakladatel dodnes existuj\u00edc\u00edho mni\u0161sk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du dominik\u00e1n\u016f, se pokusil postavit proti asketismu \u201edokonal\u00fdch“ je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed asketismus spojen\u00fd se sebebi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm a umrtvov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bla, co\u017e v\u0161ak vyvol\u00e1valo pouze sm\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Pokusil se tedy p\u0159emoci kac\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9 kazatele silou sv\u00e9 v\u00fdmluvnosti a pochmurnou hloubkou sv\u00e9 v\u00edry, ale lid\u00e9 ji\u017e spasitelsk\u00e9 krvi, prolit\u00e9 na Golgot\u011b nev\u011b\u0159ili.<\/p>\n

Domingo opustil Toulouse napln\u011bn p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00edm, \u017ee stra\u0161livou herezi je mo\u017en\u00e9 zlomit jen silou zbran\u00ed. Bylo tedy rozhodnulo. Ned\u00e1vno z\u0159\u00edzenou svatou inkvizici sv\u011b\u0159il pape\u017e do p\u00e9\u010de \u0159\u00e1du dominik\u00e1n\u016f – \u201eps\u016f P\u00e1n\u011b“. Po zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed pape\u017esk\u00e9ho leg\u00e1ta v roce 1209 vyhl\u00e1sil k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovou v\u00fdpravu a kr\u00e1l Filip II. August vyrazil k hranic\u00edm Languedoku v \u010dele sv\u00fdch baron\u016f a pades\u00e1titis\u00edcov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy v pln\u00e9 zbroji. V\u016fdce k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ku Simon z Montfortu, jeho\u017e rodov\u00fdm znakem byl st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e, ne\u0161et\u0159il ani starce, ani d\u011bti.<\/p>\n

Inocenc III. um\u00edr\u00e1 a konkl\u00e1ve kardin\u00e1l\u016f vol\u00ed nov\u00e9ho pape\u017ee. T\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 se vyst\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed na francouzsk\u00e9m tr\u016fn\u011b a v Languedoku zat\u00edm planou povst\u00e1n\u00ed, vyvolan\u00e1 trestnou v\u00fdpravou. Poko\u0159en\u00ed a pon\u00ed\u017een\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 Toulouse, Foix, Albi a Carcassone se znovu a znovu ch\u00e1pou zbran\u00ed ve jm\u00e9nu nesmrteln\u00fdch p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed \u201edokonal\u00fdch“.<\/p>\n

Dvacet let trvalo hrdlo\u0159ez\u016fm podobn\u00fdm Montfortovi, ne\u017e se jim poda\u0159ilo zkrotit zpusto\u0161enou, d\u00fdmaj\u00edc\u00ed zemi. Jen v B\u00e9ziers zavra\u017edili \u017eold\u00e1ci najednou 20 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eSvat\u00fd ot\u010de, jak odli\u0161it katary od dobr\u00fdch katol\u00edk\u016f?“ zeptal kter\u00fdsi \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159 pape\u017esk\u00e9ho leg\u00e1ta Arnauda de Citeaux.<\/p>\n

\u201eZab\u00edjejte v\u0161echny! B\u016fh u\u017e sv\u00e9 pozn\u00e1!“ odpov\u011bd\u011bl leg\u00e1t a jeho slova nav\u017edy ve\u0161la do d\u011bjin.<\/p>\n

B\u00e9ziers planulo t\u0159i dny. Starobyl\u00fd Carcassonne, pod jeho\u017e hradbami vybojovali kata\u0159i svoji posledn\u00ed bitvu, byl t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 srovn\u00e1n se zem\u00ed. Posledn\u00ed z \u201edokonal\u00fdch“ s mal\u00fdmi zbytky vojska ustoupili do hor a na\u0161li \u00fakryt v p\u011btihrann\u00fdch hradb\u00e1ch hradu Monts\u00e9gur.<\/p>\n

Byla to nejen posledn\u00ed citadela albigensk\u00fdch, ale i jejich svatyn\u011b. Hradby a st\u0159\u00edlny Monts\u00e9guru byly orientov\u00e1ny p\u0159esn\u011b podle sv\u011btov\u00fdch stran a umo\u017e\u0148ovaly vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vat dny slunovratu.<\/p>\n

Mezi obr\u00e1nci pevnosti, kter\u00e1 se ty\u010dila na vrcholu hory, bylo nejv\u00fd\u0161e sto voj\u00e1k\u016f. Ostatn\u00ed nem\u011bli pr\u00e1vo dr\u017eet zbra\u0148, nebo\u0165 zbran\u011b byly v o\u010d\u00edch \u201edokonal\u00fdch“ nositelem zla. Av\u0161ak on\u011bch sto ozbrojenc\u016f dok\u00e1zalo cel\u00fd rok odol\u00e1vat 10 tis\u00edc\u016fm k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1k\u016f, obl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00edch pevnost. S\u00edly v\u0161ak byly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nerovn\u00e9. Dokonal\u00ed, sjednocen\u00ed kolem sv\u00e9ho zest\u00e1rl\u00e9ho biskupa – posledn\u00ed m\u00e1gov\u00e9, filozofov\u00e9, l\u00e9ka\u0159i, hv\u011bzd\u00e1\u0159i a b\u00e1sn\u00edci – se chystali k p\u0159ijet\u00ed mu\u010dednick\u00e9 smrti.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00e9 noci vyvlekli k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci na nevelk\u00fd skaln\u00ed v\u00fdstupek katapult a zasypali hrad t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi kameny, kter\u00e9 lze pod zbo\u0159en\u00fdmi zdmi Monts\u00e9guru spat\u0159it dodnes…<\/p>\n

V b\u0159eznu 1244 Monts\u00e9gur padl a o n\u011bkolik dn\u016f pozd\u011bji bylo 210-215 katar\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed posledn\u00ed boj p\u0159e\u017eili, up\u00e1leno.<\/p>\n

\u010ctve\u0159ice \u201edokonal\u00fdch“ v\u0161ak zachr\u00e1nila hlavn\u00ed katarskou sv\u00e1tost. Spustili se ze strm\u00fdch nadobla\u010dn\u00fdch st\u011bn Monts\u00e9guru a nepozorov\u00e1ni odnesli sv\u00e9 tajemn\u00e9 poklady. Ve vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00edm protokolu, kter\u00fd byl po\u0159\u00edzen p\u0159i v\u00fdslechu spr\u00e1vce pevnosti, je zaznamen\u00e1no: \u201eUprchl\u00edci se jmenovali Hugo, Emoel, Eccard a Clamen. Byli to \u010dty\u0159i dokonal\u00ed!“ Spr\u00e1vce d\u00e1le na mu\u010didlech vypov\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee osobn\u011b organizoval jejich \u00fat\u011bk s poklady, s kter\u00fdmi odnesli v\u0161echna tajemstv\u00ed katar\u016f. Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 snahy k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1k\u016f uprchl\u00edky dostihnout byly marn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Zbyl\u00fdm obr\u00e1nc\u016fm Monts\u00e9guru bylo sl\u00edbeno zachov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivota, pokud se z\u0159eknou kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed a uznaj\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00ed sv\u00e1tosti, trojici bo\u017e\u00ed a pape\u017ee jako n\u00e1m\u011bstka sv. Petra. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed odm\u00edtli, byli bez odklad\u016f ob\u011b\u0161eni, ostatn\u00ed v\u0161ak pokorn\u011b poklekli a sv\u00e9 v\u00edry se z\u0159ekli. Tehdy jeden z p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch mnich\u016f poru\u010dil p\u0159iv\u00e9st psa, kter\u00e9ho m\u011bli albigen\u0161t\u00ed na d\u016fkaz pevnosti sv\u00e9ho odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed z\u0159eknout se kac\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00edry zab\u00edt. Ani jedin\u00fd ze zkou\u0161en\u00fdch v\u0161ak neposkvrnil svou du\u0161i h\u0159\u00edchem a neprolil krev nevinn\u00e9ho zv\u00ed\u0159ete. Pot\u00e9 byli v\u0161ichni do jednoho pov\u011b\u0161eni.<\/p>\n

Star\u00fd biskup Bertrand st\u00e1l p\u0159ipout\u00e1n u sloupu oblo\u017een\u00fd chvoj\u00edm a poleny a jeho b\u00edl\u00e9 vlasy ti\u0161e \u010de\u0159il m\u00edrn\u00fd jarn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0159\u00edk. Naposledy se p\u0159ed o\u010dima starce mihly tvrd\u00e9, zmu\u010den\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159e \u201edokonal\u00fdch“, lesem kop\u00ed a halaparten se zaleskly p\u0159\u00edlby a k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee trestn\u00e9ho k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e9ho vojska. Pak u\u017e se v\u0161e rozplynulo v dusiv\u00e9m d\u00fdmu planouc\u00ed hranice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V Languedoku, na Poli mu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f, dnes stoj\u00ed stroh\u00fd b\u00edl\u00fd obelisk.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":762,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[24],"class_list":["post-3387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-evropa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3387","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3387"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3387\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3392,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3387\/revisions\/3392"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3387"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3387"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3387"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}