{"id":3341,"date":"2024-10-02T00:51:58","date_gmt":"2024-10-01T22:51:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=3341"},"modified":"2024-10-26T23:56:52","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T21:56:52","slug":"zahadna-geometrie-nazcy-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/10\/02\/zahadna-geometrie-nazcy-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 geometrie Nazcy (3)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sv\u011btov\u011b proslul\u00e1 „expozice“ z\u00e1hadn\u00fdch starov\u011bk\u00fdch obraz\u016f na n\u00e1horn\u00ed plo\u0161in\u011b Nazca je na \u00fazem\u00ed Republiky Peru, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 400 kilometr\u016f ji\u017en\u011b od hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Lima a 50 kilometr\u016f od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu, mezi m\u011bsty Nazca a Palpa.<\/strong> T\u00e1hne se pod\u00e9l pampy ploch\u00e9 jako st\u016fl, vysokohorsk\u00e9 planiny And, ve v\u00fd\u0161ce asi 1000 metr\u016f nad mo\u0159em, ob\u010das siln\u011b \u010dlenit\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edmi \u00fadol\u00edmi, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b u\u017e d\u00e1vno vyschl\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n

Zahrada obr\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Za prv\u00e9 je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipomenout rozm\u011bry t\u011bchto obraz\u016f. Tak\u017ee, jeden z men\u0161\u00edch – obraz pavouka \/11\/ na obr. 3 – m\u00e1 d\u00e9lku 45 metr\u016f, d\u00e9lka „hada“ \/5\/ – m\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 250 m. P\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout obraz ze zem\u011b a pochopit, co to je, je nemo\u017en\u00e9. Chcete-li to pochopit, mus\u00edte vystoupat p\u00e1r set metr\u016f nad zem\u00ed, nebo chodit s kompasem a m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm p\u00e1smem a vzor kresby d\u016fsledn\u011b p\u0159ekreslovat na kus pap\u00edru zmen\u0161en\u011b v\u0161echny rozm\u011bry, \u00fahly, apod.<\/p>\n

V\u0161echny figury jsou zna\u010dn\u011b zjednodu\u0161eny. Je to sp\u00ed\u0161e ne obraz n\u011bjak\u00fdch konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e jejich grafick\u00e9 symboly. V t\u00e9to souvislosti nen\u00ed v\u017edy mo\u017en\u00e9 s jistotou ur\u010dit, o jak\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e konkr\u00e9tn\u011b jde. Tak t\u0159eba, obraz \/1\/ na obr\u00e1zku (()) je v literatu\u0159e nazn\u00e1m „Kondor“, i kdy\u017e zob\u00e1k tohoto pt\u00e1ka vypad\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e jako \u010dap\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obraz \/4\/ se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 „je\u0161t\u011brka“, a \/5\/ „krokod\u00fdl“. „Velryba“ \/9\/ m\u00e1 u\u0161i (?). A tak d\u00e1le. Dal\u0161\u00ed \u201epodivuhodnosti\u201c se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed „chobotnice“, nebo „mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0159asy“, nebo „strom“. \/6\/.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sv\u00e9ho \u010dasu se velmi diskutovalo o obrazu \u201epavouka\u201c \/11\/. U n\u011bj, u \u201ekolib\u0159\u00edka\u201c \/2\/ a \u201eopice\u201c \/8\/ k m\u00edstu pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed linie. Jedna z lini\u00ed v\u0161ak u pavouka sm\u011b\u0159uje k noze. Pro\u010d?<\/p>\n

Biologov\u00e9 ozna\u010dili obraz za pavouka druhu Ricinulei (19). Tito mal\u00ed pavouci \u017eij\u00ed v amazonsk\u00e9 d\u017eungli a maj\u00ed zaj\u00edmavou anatomickou zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost: proto\u017ee same\u010dek m\u00e1 pot\u00ed\u017ee sv\u00fdm pohlavn\u00edm org\u00e1nem oplodnit sami\u010dku, po\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 si velmi zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u011b \u2013 namo\u010d\u00ed do spermatu svoj\u00ed nohu a tak jej zanese do sami\u010dky. Znamen\u00e1 to tedy, \u017ee sam\u010d\u00ed pohlavn\u00ed org\u00e1n maj\u00ed v podstat\u011b na noze. A pr\u00e1v\u011b k noze sm\u011b\u0159uje linie! Jak toto mohli tv\u016frci obrazu v\u011bd\u011bt, kdy\u017e tento poznatek byl z\u00edsk\u00e1n a\u017e p\u0159i studiu pavouk\u016f pod mikroskopem?<\/p>\n

Mezi obrazy jsou i takov\u00e9, kter\u00e9 nejsou podobn\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu zv\u00ed\u0159eti. P\u0159\u00edkladem je obraz \/10\/ \u2013 jak\u00fdsi beztvar\u00fd pytel se dv\u011bma v\u00fdr\u016fstky ve tvaru lidsk\u00fdch rukou, jedna p\u011btiprst\u00e1, druh\u00e1 – \u010dty\u0159prst\u00e1. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, M. Scholten n\u011bjak rozpoznal na tomto obr\u00e1zku … sed\u00edc\u00ed opici (!). Podle M. Reiche zde dominuj\u00ed obrazy pt\u00e1k\u016f (je jich 18), a n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V\u0161echny obrazy jsou vytvo\u0159eny jedinou souvislou \u010darou, kter\u00e1 nikdy neprot\u00edn\u00e1 sama sebe a p\u0159es v\u0161echny z\u00e1kruty se vrac\u00ed do v\u00fdchoz\u00edho bodu. Je udivuj\u00edc\u00ed harmonie kresby, p\u0159\u00edmo „matematick\u00e1“ p\u0159esnost a \u00fapln\u00e1 absence jak\u00fdchkoli okras obraz\u016f. Ne n\u00e1hodou se J. Hawkins o obrazc\u00edch na Nazce vyj\u00e1d\u0159il: „\u017divot v pekle zmrazen\u00e9 matematiky!“ … Badatelka A.T. Beloko\u0148 (20) po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd program\u00e1tor, po shl\u00e9dnut\u00ed kreseb prohl\u00e1sila: „Toto je vypracov\u00e1no PC plottrem!“<\/p>\n

Nan\u00e9st v\u0161ak vzor na povrch pampy je je\u0161t\u011b t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e prov\u00e9st dokonalou p\u0159\u00edmku. Jak to bylo provedeno? Maria Reiche (6) navrhla, \u017ee Indi\u00e1ni (kte\u0159\u00ed, podle jej\u00edho n\u00e1zoru i zavr\u0161ili tento pracovn\u00ed v\u00fdkon), nejprve nar\u00fdsovali model obrazu, a pak jej p\u0159enesli do ter\u00e9nu jeho zv\u011bt\u0161enou kopii. Neznali p\u00edsmo, ale jak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dala, \u201emuseli dr\u017eet v\u0161echny detaily obrazu v pam\u011bti.“ Malovali k\u0159ivky za pomoc\u00ed kol\u00edk\u016f a lan, \u010d\u00edm\u017e ur\u010dili polom\u011br oblouku. Jak to ov\u0161em spo\u010d\u00edtali, Reiche neobjas\u0148uje, ale dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee to muselo b\u00fdt velmi p\u0159esn\u00e9, proto\u017ee „odchylka pouze n\u011bkolik centimetr\u016f mohla zkazit v\u0161echny proporce, kter\u00e9, jak vid\u00edme na leteck\u00fdch sn\u00edmc\u00edch, jsou vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed.“<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1le jde M. Scholten (18). P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee Indi\u00e1ni museli p\u0159edem nan\u00e9st na ter\u00e9n celou \u0159adu pomocn\u00fdch kruh\u016f a \u010dtverc\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvali jednu m\u011brnou jednotku, kter\u00e1 se rovn\u00e1 3,34 m, a jej\u00ed deriv\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00edsk\u00e1ny vyn\u00e1soben\u00edm t\u00e9to hodnoty sedmi, osmi nebo druh\u00e9 mocniny (a to bez znalosti psan\u00ed?).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee Reichov\u00e1 ani Scholten se nezmi\u0148uj\u00ed o tom, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pomocn\u00e9 desti\u010dky s n\u00e1kresy, ani kol\u00edky s lany, ani ony pomocn\u00e9 kruhy a \u010dtverce, se nena\u0161ly\u2026<\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, jak by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 s pomoc\u00ed kol\u00edk\u016f a lan vytvo\u0159it v ter\u00e9nu ide\u00e1ln\u00ed dvojitou spir\u00e1lu s pr\u016fm\u011brem 320 metr\u016f (obr. 4)? A podobn\u00fdch spir\u00e1l je na planin\u011b Nazca asi sto!<\/p>\n

Z\u0159ejm\u011b z bezv\u00fdchodnosti navrhovan\u00e9 hypot\u00e9zy „lan a kol\u00edk\u016f“ byla Maria Reiche nakonec nucena p\u0159iznat, \u017ee „…sta\u0159\u00ed Peru\u00e1nci museli pou\u017e\u00edvat n\u00e1stroje a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, o kter\u00fdch nic nev\u00edme, a kter\u00e9 zem\u0159ely spole\u010dn\u011b se star\u00fdmi znalostmi, unikly pozornosti dobyvatel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed nem\u011bli z\u00e1jem o nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e o poklady.“ Jin\u00fdmi slovy p\u0159iznala, \u017ee primitivn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti pomoc\u00ed primitivn\u00edch metod a n\u00e1stroj\u016f prov\u00e9st takov\u00e9 d\u00edlo nemohly.<\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee co zbylo z „vlasteneck\u00fdch“ prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed pana Sholtena? Pokud prekolumbij\u0161t\u00ed Indi\u00e1ni nemohli vytvo\u0159it „projekt Nazca“, pak kdo, kdy, jak a pro\u010d to v\u0161echno ud\u011blal?<\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sv\u011btov\u011b proslul\u00e1 „expozice“ z\u00e1hadn\u00fdch starov\u011bk\u00fdch obraz\u016f na n\u00e1horn\u00ed plo\u0161in\u011b Nazca je na \u00fazem\u00ed Republiky Peru, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 400 kilometr\u016f ji\u017en\u011b od<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":450,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[41,81,22],"class_list":["post-3341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-archeologie","tag-geoglyfy","tag-jizni-amerika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3341","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3341"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3341\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3342,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3341\/revisions\/3342"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3341"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3341"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}