{"id":3183,"date":"2024-08-01T00:47:51","date_gmt":"2024-07-31T22:47:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=3183"},"modified":"2024-09-28T22:50:21","modified_gmt":"2024-09-28T20:50:21","slug":"straky-nelakaji-leskle-predmety","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/08\/01\/straky-nelakaji-leskle-predmety\/","title":{"rendered":"Straky nel\u00e1kaj\u00ed leskl\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Straky c\u00edt\u00ed nutkavou p\u0159ita\u017elivost k leskl\u00fdm p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016fm. V\u0161eobecn\u011b se to tvrd\u00ed. Dostalo se to i do p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed \u2013 Krade jako straka.<\/strong><!--more--><br \/>\nA nen\u00ed to pravda.<\/p>\n<p>Psychologov\u00e9 z Centra pro v\u00fdzkum chov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at (CRAB) v University v Exeteru zjistili experiment\u00e1ln\u011b, \u017ee straku (Pica pica) nel\u00e1kaj\u00ed leskl\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty. V\u011bdci p\u0159edstavili v\u00fdsledky sv\u00e9ho zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v \u010dasopise Animal Cognition. Obl\u00edben\u00e1 myln\u00e1 p\u0159edstava vznikla z\u0159ejm\u011b ze zaujatosti a p\u0159ehnan\u00e9ho \u00fastn\u00edho p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed izolovan\u00fdch epizod.<\/p>\n<p>Vedouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu Toni Shepard a jeho kolegov\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali p\u0159i experimentu voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed pt\u00e1ky i pt\u00e1ky ze z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho centra pro zv\u00ed\u0159ata. L\u00e1kali straky na sv\u011btl\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 podlo\u017eky \u0161roub\u016f, mal\u00e9 hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 krou\u017eky a mal\u00e9 obd\u00e9ln\u00edkov\u00e9 kousky hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 f\u00f3lie. Polovina podlo\u017eek \u0161roub\u016f byla obarvena matnou mod\u0159\u00ed; druh\u00e1 polovina a f\u00f3lie byly ponech\u00e1ny beze zm\u011bny. M\u00edstem experimentu bylo osm oblast\u00ed are\u00e1lu, kde jsou straky zvykl\u00e9 na lidskou p\u0159\u00edtomnost.<\/p>\n<p>Po n\u011bkolika pokusech bez objekt\u016f, byly d\u00e1ny dva typy objekt\u016f (jasn\u00e9, ne sv\u011btl\u00e9) 30 cm od misek s potravou. Straky kontaktovaly pouze objekty 2 kr\u00e1t z 64 pokus\u016f. Pt\u00e1ci jednali opatrn\u011b v bl\u00edzkosti nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch objekt\u016f a jedli m\u00e9n\u011b. Pt\u00e1ci se nesna\u017eili dostat do kontaktu s jak\u00fdmkoliv nezn\u00e1m\u00fdm objektem, leskl\u00fdm nebo nabarven\u00fdm. V\u011bdci nena\u0161li d\u016fkazy o p\u0159itahov\u00e1n\u00ed strak k leskl\u00fdm p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016fm. Nam\u00edsto toho v\u0161echny objekty vyvolaly reakce strachu k nezn\u00e1m\u00fdm objekt\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>Straky uk\u00e1zaly svou chytrost &#8211; m\u00edsto toho, aby je p\u0159il\u00e1kaly leskl\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, dr\u017eely se v bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, pokud tyto objekty jsou nov\u00e9 a ne\u010dekan\u00e9. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 se zm\u00fdlili, kdy\u017e pova\u017eovali ob\u010dasn\u00e9 uchopen\u00ed leskl\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f \u2013 bu\u010f z omylu nebo n\u00e1hody &#8211; za obecnou vlastnost. Ignorovali v\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161inu p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch pt\u00e1ci t\u011bmto objekt\u016fm nev\u011bnuj\u00ed pozornost.<\/p>\n<p>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ehnan\u00fdch historek m\u011bl za n\u00e1sledek vznik fale\u0161n\u00e9ho pohledu, \u0161iroce p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00e9ho v evropsk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Straky c\u00edt\u00ed nutkavou p\u0159ita\u017elivost k leskl\u00fdm p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016fm. V\u0161eobecn\u011b se to tvrd\u00ed. Dostalo se to i do p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed \u2013 Krade jako<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2870,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[27,29],"class_list":["post-3183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zahady","tag-kritika","tag-zivocichove"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3183","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3183"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3183\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3184,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3183\/revisions\/3184"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2870"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3183"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3183"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}