{"id":3173,"date":"2024-07-30T00:03:57","date_gmt":"2024-07-29T22:03:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=3173"},"modified":"2024-09-08T22:09:16","modified_gmt":"2024-09-08T20:09:16","slug":"slovane-pochazeji-z-kavkazu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/07\/30\/slovane-pochazeji-z-kavkazu\/","title":{"rendered":"Slovan\u00e9 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z Kavkazu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Odkud p\u0159i\u0161la slovansk\u00e1 civilizace? Kde jsou jej\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1tky?<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumy na toto t\u00e9ma se konaly dlouhou dobu. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e1 hypot\u00e9za o p\u016fvodu Slovan\u016f um\u00edstila jejich p\u0159edky do okol\u00ed Elbrusu. P\u0159esn\u011b tam, kde \u0159ady v\u011bdc\u016f hledaj\u00ed legend\u00e1rn\u00ed m\u011bsto Kijar, hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Ruskolanu – starov\u011bk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd existoval d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed Kyjevskou Rus\u00ed…<\/p>\n

V roce 2002 se uskute\u010dnila expedice k Elbrusu, pod veden\u00edm St\u00e1tn\u00edho Astronomick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu \u0160ternberga (NK\u00da) (1), nad kterou dohl\u00ed\u017eel s\u00e1m \u0159editel \u00fastavu Anatolij \u010cerepa\u0161\u010duk (2).<\/p>\n

Ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b, ve kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159edlo\u017eeny v\u00fdsledky archeologick\u00fdch, geodetick\u00fdch, topografick\u00fdch a jin\u00fdch studi\u00ed, se uv\u00e1d\u00ed: „Na ho\u0159e Karakaja, na Skalnat\u00e9m h\u0159ebeni v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 3646 metr\u016f nad mo\u0159em, mezi obcemi V\u011brchnyj \u010cegem a Bezengi na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed stran\u011b hory Elbrus, byly nalezeny stopy hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Ruskolan Kijar, kter\u00e9 existovalo d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed narozen\u00edm Krista, a je zmi\u0148ov\u00e1no v mnoha legend\u00e1ch a eposech r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed sv\u011bta, stejn\u011b jako nejstar\u0161\u00ed astronomick\u00e9 observato\u0159e \u2013 Chr\u00e1m Slunce, je\u017e popsal starov\u011bk\u00fd historik Al Mas\u00fadi…“<\/p>\n

Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed ruin starov\u011bk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta se p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b shoduje s \u00fadaji starov\u011bk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, popisuj\u00edc\u00edch um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed m\u011bsta Kijar, o \u010dem\u017e p\u00ed\u0161e v XVII. stolet\u00ed tureck\u00fd cestovatel Evliej \u010celebi (3). Krom\u011b toho, na ho\u0159e Karakaja byly nalezeny poz\u016fstatky starov\u011bk\u00fdch chr\u00e1m\u016f, jeskyn\u011b a hrobky, zachoval\u00e9 v dobr\u00e9m stavu, \u010detn\u00e9 osady a ruiny starov\u011bk\u00fdch chr\u00e1m\u016f…<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1stupci t\u00e9to starobyl\u00e9 kultury um\u011bli vyr\u00e1b\u011bt \u017eelezo. T\u011b\u017eili tak\u00e9 uhl\u00ed a st\u0159\u00edbro, zab\u00fdvali se i astronomick\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm. Archeologov\u00e9 nalezli kultovn\u00ed stavby, co\u017e nazna\u010duje objev jednoho z nejstar\u0161\u00edch center slovansk\u00e9 civilizace v okol\u00ed Elbrusu.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm historici Alexander Asov a Alexej Alexejev, kte\u0159\u00ed nav\u0161t\u00edvili oblast Elbrusu v roce 2001, ozn\u00e1mili objev b\u00e1jn\u00e9ho Kijara – prvn\u00edho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta star\u00fdch Slovan\u016f Ruskolan, nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho se na severn\u00edm Kavkazu. M\u011bsto Kijar je spojeno se jm\u00e9nem starov\u011bk\u00e9ho slovansk\u00e9ho kn\u00ed\u017eete Busa B\u011blojara, kter\u00fd byl tak\u00e9 velekn\u011bzem a Slovan\u00e9 ho uct\u00edvali jako syna Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee B\u011blojar sjednotil v\u0161echny n\u00e1rody ob\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed Ruskolan. V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee Bus B\u011blojar byl posv\u011bcen v chr\u00e1mu Slunce, kter\u00fd je tak\u00e9 v Kijaru.<\/p>\n

Podle zoroastrijsk\u00fdch a starorusk\u00fdch m\u00fdt\u016f, byl tento chr\u00e1m uchv\u00e1cen v\u00fdchodn\u00edmi vl\u00e1dci Rusem (Rustamem) a Usenem (Kavi Usejnasem) v II. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem. O chr\u00e1mu Slunce p\u00ed\u0161e staro\u0159eck\u00fd geograf a historik Strabon (3). Podle n\u011bj se tam nach\u00e1zela svatyn\u011b Zlat\u00e9ho rouna a v\u011b\u0161tce E\u00e9ta. Na p\u0159elomu na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu chr\u00e1m Slunce vyplenil bosporsk\u00fd kr\u00e1le Farnak. Ale skute\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1nik postihl chr\u00e1m a m\u011bsto ve IV. stolet\u00ed na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu, v d\u016fsledku \u00fatoku G\u00f3t\u016f a Hun\u016f.<\/p>\n

V roce 1881 vykop\u00e1vky proveden\u00e9 v okol\u00ed Pjatigorsku archeologem D. J. Samokvasovem (5), prov\u011b\u0159ily 44 kopc\u016f. Pozd\u011bji, po \u0158\u00edjnov\u00e9 revoluci, byly prozkoum\u00e1ny pouze n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee Pjatigorsk (6) byl postaven jako druh\u00e9 slovansk\u00e9 m\u011bsto, podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch zdroj\u016f tak\u00e9 zalo\u017eeno Kijarem. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee do XVI.-XVII. stolet\u00ed byl Ruskolan os\u00eddlen potomky Ruskolan\u016f \u2013 \u010cerkesy a Pjatigorcy, z nich\u017e n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tam z\u016fstali i po odchodu Rus\u016f k Dn\u011bpru, kde byl zalo\u017een t\u0159et\u00ed Kijar – Kyjev, matka rusk\u00fdch m\u011bst…<\/p>\n

Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e1 zem\u011bpisn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v podh\u016f\u0159\u00ed Elbrusu n\u011bkdy p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed doslovn\u00fd p\u0159eklad do slovansk\u00fdch jazyk\u016f. Nap\u0159. r\u00e1j se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Irij a m\u00e1 se nach\u00e1zet na \u00fapat\u00ed hory Alatyr nebo kamene Alatyr… V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee Alatyr je Elbrus. V okol\u00ed Elbrusu je planina Irachitsyrt \u2013 prot\u00e1hl\u00fd horsk\u00fd masiv o \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce ne v\u00edc ne\u017e jeden kilometr, obklopen\u00fd l\u00e1vov\u00fdmi poli, ledovci Elbrusu a skalami h\u0159ebene Ta\u0161ly-Syrt (7).<\/p>\n

Legendy tak\u00e9 tvrdily, \u017ee Irij byl odd\u011blen od Javi ohnivou \u0159ekou Smorodinou (od slova „smaga“ – „ohe\u0148“, „plamen“).<\/p>\n

Irachitsyrt je odd\u011blen na \u00fapat\u00ed \u0159ekou Kyzylsu, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 „ohniv\u00e1 \u0159eka“. P\u0159es n\u00ed, podle m\u00fdt\u016f, byl polo\u017een Kalin\u016fv most. Kalinov\u00fdm byl nazv\u00e1n proto, \u017ee byl vyroben z kaliny: to znamen\u00e1 „zakalen\u00fdm“. P\u0159es Kalin\u016fv most p\u0159ech\u00e1zely du\u0161e zem\u0159el\u00fdch z jednoho sv\u011bta do druh\u00e9ho. A takov\u00fd most v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci opravdu na\u0161li.<\/p>\n

V neju\u017e\u0161\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b \u0159eky Kyzylsy nad vodop\u00e1dem Sultan je polo\u017eena kamenn\u00e1 l\u00e1vka, po kter\u00e9 lze p\u0159ej\u00edt na druhou stranu \u0159eky, kde dodnes nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 vegetace, jen hromady \u010dern\u00e9 a \u010derven\u00e9 l\u00e1vy. M\u016f\u017eeme se jen dohadovat, kdy sem pronikli Slovan\u00e9. Z\u0159ejm\u011b je\u0161t\u011b za\u017eili vulkanick\u00e9 erupce. A poeticky to zachytili ve sv\u00fdch m\u00fdtech…<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) http:\/\/www.sai.msu.ru\/<\/a> <\/em>
\n(2) https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/<\/a> <\/em>
\n(3) http:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/<\/a> – http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org<\/a> <\/em>
\n(4) http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strab%C3%B3n<\/a> <\/em>
\n(5) http:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/<\/a><\/em>
\n(6) http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pjatigorsk<\/a> <\/em>
\n(7) http:\/\/wikimapia.org\/<\/a> <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Odkud p\u0159i\u0161la slovansk\u00e1 civilizace? Kde jsou jej\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1tky?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":423,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[49,24,76],"class_list":["post-3173","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-asie","tag-evropa","tag-rusko"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3173","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3173"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3173\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3174,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3173\/revisions\/3174"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3173"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3173"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}