{"id":3136,"date":"2024-07-15T00:32:31","date_gmt":"2024-07-14T22:32:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=3136"},"modified":"2024-09-02T01:40:56","modified_gmt":"2024-09-01T23:40:56","slug":"pravda-o-skutecnem-drakulovi-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/07\/15\/pravda-o-skutecnem-drakulovi-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Pravda o skute\u010dn\u00e9m Drakulovi (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jak\u00fd byl vlastn\u011b prototyp krve\u017e\u00edzniv\u00e9ho up\u00edra \u2013 kn\u00ed\u017ee Vlad Tepes?<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ed 167 lety se narodil spisovatel Bram Stoker. (1) Mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b proslul\u00fd autor proslul hlavn\u011b rom\u00e1nem „Dracula“, vydan\u00fdm v roce 1897. (2) Stoker vytvo\u0159il osobu fiktivn\u00edho up\u00edra \u2013 dodnes \u017eivou postavu v popul\u00e1rn\u00ed kultu\u0159e. Mo\u017en\u00e1 jste ne\u010detli knihu, ale ur\u010dit\u011b vid\u011bli alespo\u0148 jednu z jeho filmov\u00fdch ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed. (3)<\/p>\n

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Obr. 1 Vlad III. Basarab – portr\u00e9t skute\u010dn\u00e9ho Draculy.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00ed, \u017ee prototypem rom\u00e1nov\u00e9ho Drakyly je vala\u0161sk\u00fd kn\u00ed\u017ee – Vlad III. Tepes. A \u017ee p\u0159i vykreslen\u00ed sv\u00e9ho rom\u00e1nov\u00e9ho hrdiny autor studoval historii a folkl\u00f3r Transylv\u00e1nie. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, mnoz\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee pravda o st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9m kn\u00ed\u017eeti Vala\u0161ska je je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e rom\u00e1nov\u00e1 fikce. \u0160\u00ed\u0159\u00ed se mnoh\u00e9 m\u00fdty o neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 krutosti tohoto kn\u00ed\u017eete. Vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o tis\u00edc\u00edch ob\u011bt\u00ed, nap\u00edchnut\u00fdch na k\u016fl, o stovk\u00e1ch up\u00e1len\u00fdch a dokonce uva\u0159en\u00fdch, o tom, jak si Tepes m\u00e1\u010del chl\u00e9b v krvi sv\u00fdch nep\u0159\u00e1tel …<\/p>\n

Tato hr\u016fza je u\u017e pevn\u011b zako\u0159en\u011bna v mysl\u00edch lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Ale jak\u00e1 je historick\u00e1 pravda? Po p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdzkum\u016f modern\u00edch historik\u016f se pod\u00edvejme na tyto legendy. Zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00fd Dracula je zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e ten, jak\u00e9ho stvo\u0159il Stoker. A jeho historie je odrazem jedn\u00e9 epochy. Hrozn\u00e9 a krut\u00e9, ale opravdov\u00e9, re\u00e1ln\u00e9 epochy.<\/p>\n

Kde se vzalo jm\u00e9no Drakula<\/strong><\/p>\n

Historici v\u00ed, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no krve\u017e\u00edzniv\u00e9ho kn\u00ed\u017eete Vala\u0161ska (v dne\u0161n\u00edm Rumunsku) bylo Vlad III. Basarab.<\/p>\n

Skute\u010dnost\u00ed je, \u017ee Basarabov\u00e9 \u2013 byla vala\u0161sk\u00e1 dynastie vl\u00e1dc\u016f (jako nap\u0159. na\u0161i P\u0159emyslovci nebo Medici ve Francii a ve Florencii). Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, tato dynastie byla rozd\u011blena do dvou v\u011btv\u00ed – Daneshti a Drakuleshti.<\/p>\n

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Obr. 2 V tomto dom\u011b v Sighisoara se narodil Dracula. Foto: GLOBAL LOOK PRESS<\/em><\/p>\n

Jeho druh\u00e9 jm\u00e9no poch\u00e1zelo od jeho otce Tepes – Vlad II. Pape\u017e budouc\u00edho slavn\u00e9ho kn\u00ed\u017eete ocenil Dra\u010d\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dem. Ryt\u00ed\u0159i tohoto \u0159\u00e1du byli p\u0159edur\u010deni k ochran\u011b k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed v Evrop\u011b. Vlad II., aby zd\u016fraznil svou p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost k bratrstvu, razil sv\u00e9 mince s obrazem draka. Proto dostal mezi lidem p\u0159ezd\u00edvku „Dracula“. V rumun\u0161tin\u011b ve st\u0159edov\u011bku zn\u011blo slovo „drakon“, od latinsk\u00e9ho „draco“. V modern\u00ed rumun\u0161tin\u011b se \u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 slovo „Balaur\u00bb jako drak). V \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b to v dob\u011b Vlada II. neznamenalo n\u011bjakou souvislost s \u010f\u00e1blem.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ezd\u00edvku tak p\u0159edal kn\u00ed\u017ee sv\u00e9mu synovi – Vladu III. Ale ke slovu „Dracul“ se p\u0159idalo p\u00edsmeno „a“ na konci. Jak je to mo\u017en\u00e9? Zde jazykov\u011bdci dlouho t\u00e1pali. Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed bylo prost\u00e9 – Vala\u0161sko prost\u011b muselo pod\u011blit otce a syna. Mlad\u0161\u00ed se stal zn\u00e1m\u00fdm touto zdrobn\u011blinou – Draculea (mlad\u00fd drak, syn draka). To je cel\u00e1 z\u00e1hada tohoto jm\u00e9na.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, pozd\u011bji bylo toto jm\u00e9no skute\u010dn\u011b spojov\u00e1no s \u010f\u00e1blem, mnohem v\u00edce ne\u017e s drakem. To kdy\u017e se kolem Vlada III. vyrojily stovky legend. V rumun\u0161tin\u011b jsou des\u00edtky slov, ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch d\u00e9mony. Ironi\u00ed je, \u017ee jedno z nich je – „drac\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00e9 jm\u00e9no Vlada III. Basarab – Tepes – mu dali Turci. To v\u0161ak za\u010dalo b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no a\u017e 30 let po jeho smrti. Bylo spojeno s tehdy popul\u00e1rn\u00ed metodou popravy \u2013 probodnut\u00ed k\u016flem. Tepes \u2013 Napichova\u010d \u2013 bylo p\u0159ekladem tureck\u00e9ho slova „kazikli“ („k\u016fl“) do vala\u0161sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1\u0159e\u010d\u00ed. B\u011bhem \u017eivota kn\u00ed\u017eete bylo takov\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed nemysliteln\u00e9. Ale Turci m\u011bli k tomu sv\u00e9 politick\u00e9 d\u016fvody.<\/p>\n

Kam za Draculou?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na vln\u011b z\u00e1jmu o st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho kn\u00ed\u017eete se dr\u017e\u00ed \u0159ada cestovn\u00edch kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a nab\u00edz\u00ed z\u00e1jezdy do tzv. z\u00e1mku Draculy. T\u00edm m\u00e1 b\u00fdt hrad Bran v Transylv\u00e1nii. (4)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. 3 Hrad Bran v Transylv\u00e1nii ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e milion turist\u016f.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, faktem je, \u017ee na tomto hrad\u011b Vlad III. n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t spal, lovil v okol\u00ed, ale to je asi tak v\u0161echno, co m\u00e1 Drakula s t\u00edmto hradem spole\u010dn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e je o velmi kr\u00e1sn\u00fd hrad, s p\u016fsobivou atmosf\u00e9rou st\u0159edov\u011bku – tlust\u00e9 st\u011bny, masivn\u00ed dve\u0159e, strm\u00e9 schody ve v\u011b\u017ei\u2026 nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee se zde nat\u00e1\u010del film „Interview s up\u00edrem.“ (5) Prohl\u00eddky rozhodn\u011b nebudete litovat.<\/p>\n

Hrad Bran je 30 km od m\u011bsta Bra\u0161ov v srdci Transylv\u00e1nie. (6) V okol\u00ed ne je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch hrad\u016f \u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm skute\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00eddlo Draculy – hrad Poenari.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr, 4 Pomn\u00edk kn\u00ed\u017eete Draculy v Sighisoara<\/em><\/p>\n

Pod hradem Poenari te\u010de „\u0158eka princezny“. Ta byla pojmenov\u00e1na po princezn\u011b, kterou Drakula miloval. Vrhla se do \u0159eky pot\u00e9, co byla pevnost obkl\u00ed\u010dena Turky.<\/p>\n

M\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 v\u0161ak turist\u016fm \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee svou milenku svrhl do \u0159eky s\u00e1m Tepes.<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bram_Stoker<\/a> <\/em>
\n(2) http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dracula<\/a> <\/em>
\n(3) http:\/\/www.csfd.cz\/hledat\/?q=drakula<\/a> <\/em>
\n(4) http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bran_Castle<\/a> <\/em>
\n(5) http:\/\/www.csfd.cz\/film\/4883-interview-s-upirem\/<\/a> <\/em>
\n(6) http:\/\/www.bran-castle.com\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jak\u00fd byl vlastn\u011b prototyp krve\u017e\u00edzniv\u00e9ho up\u00edra \u2013 kn\u00ed\u017ee Vlad Tepes?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":762,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[41,24,67],"class_list":["post-3136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-archeologie","tag-evropa","tag-osobnosti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3136"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3137,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3136\/revisions\/3137"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}