{"id":3093,"date":"2023-12-30T00:33:35","date_gmt":"2023-12-29T23:33:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=3093"},"modified":"2024-09-02T00:26:47","modified_gmt":"2024-09-01T22:26:47","slug":"odkud-prisli-australane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2023\/12\/30\/odkud-prisli-australane\/","title":{"rendered":"Odkud p\u0159i\u0161li Australan\u00e9?"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u016fvod domorod\u00fdch Australan\u016f je pro v\u011bdce st\u00e1le z\u00e1hadou.<\/strong><\/p>\n

K dispozici je i verze, \u017ee jde o d\u011bdice legend\u00e1rn\u00ed Atlantis, kte\u0159\u00ed se zachr\u00e1nili p\u0159ed potopou … Ale n\u00e1lez, kter\u00fd byl ned\u00e1vno objeven na ostrov\u011b Timor v ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Malajsk\u00e9ho souostrov\u00ed, vede k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee ko\u0159eny australsk\u00fdch kmen\u016f se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v Africe.<\/p>\n

V p\u0159ekladu z malaj\u0161tiny je jm\u00e9no tohoto ostrova, pokryt\u00e9ho travnat\u00fdmi savanami „V\u00fdchod“. Timor je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jednu z „p\u0159estupn\u00edch stanic“ na migra\u010dn\u00ed trase p\u0159edk\u016f australsk\u00fdch domorodc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed dorazili z Asie. Ale v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b byla „asijsk\u00e1“ verze ot\u0159esena.<\/p>\n

Na Timoru byl nalezen p\u0159edm\u011bt z kosti, kter\u00fd byl z\u0159ejm\u011b fragmentem starov\u011bk\u00e9ho kop\u00ed. Byl p\u0159ipevn\u011bn na d\u0159ev\u011bnou ty\u010d. D\u00e9lka artefaktu je jen asi 2,5 cm, \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka o n\u011bco v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 cm …<\/p>\n

Ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm, p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 je zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed – asi 35.000 rok\u016f. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee i v t\u011bchto vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch, \u017eili lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed nejen p\u0159ipom\u00ednali dne\u0161n\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka, ale i vyr\u00e1b\u011bli sofistikovan\u00e9 zbran\u011b pro lov a rybolov.<\/p>\n

Nalezen\u00fd fragment m\u011bl n\u011bkolik z\u00e1\u0159ez\u016f na obou stran\u00e1ch a zu\u017eoval se. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b touto \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed byl p\u0159ipojen k ty\u010di. Z\u0159ejm\u011b \u0161lo o typ harpuny, vrhan\u00e9 do mo\u0159e z lod\u00ed, p\u0159i lovu velk\u00fdch ryb nebo mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 ov\u0161em je, \u017ee zbran\u011b s podobn\u00fdmi z\u00e1\u0159ezy byly nalezeny v Africe. Ale tam \u0161lo o n\u00e1lezy mnohem star\u0161\u00ed – 80-90.000 let… Tak\u017ee odkud p\u0159i\u0161li p\u0159edkov\u00e9 australsk\u00fdch domorodc\u016f?<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b n\u00e1lez mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zhodnocen v celkov\u00e9m kontextu archeologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu. T\u00fdm australsk\u00fdch a japonsk\u00fdch archeolog\u016f narazil na star\u00e9 ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 h\u00e1\u010dky, star\u00e9 asi 23 tis\u00edc let. Tak\u00e9 v jedn\u00e9 z jeskyn\u00ed byly nalezeny poz\u016fstatky star\u00fdch d\u00e1vn\u00fdch ryb\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Z toho by vypl\u00fdvalo, \u017ee i ve starov\u011bku m\u00edstn\u00ed lid\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali s\u00edt\u011b pro chyt\u00e1n\u00ed mal\u00fdch ryb, a pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed (pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b, makrely a mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho okouna) pou\u017e\u00edvali h\u00e1\u010dky s n\u00e1vnadou.<\/p>\n

Hypot\u00e9za, \u017ee d\u00e1vn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 Afriky se p\u0159est\u011bhovali do Austr\u00e1lie, byly vyslovena u\u017e d\u00e1vno, ale a\u017e do ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 doby nem\u011bla opodstatn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Za prv\u00e9, pro takovou d\u00e1lkovou plavbu se vy\u017eaduje alespo\u0148 primitivn\u00ed lo\u010fstvo. A za druh\u00e9, co mohou j\u00edst d\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci? V\u017edy\u0165 se obecn\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, \u017ee rybolov se objevil a\u017e po klasick\u00e9m lovu! A zat\u00edm nebyl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd d\u016fkaz o opaku. A\u017e do ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 doby objev nejstar\u0161\u00edho h\u00e1\u010dku a jin\u00fdch lovn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro rybolov nep\u0159ekro\u010dil st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 12.000 let…<\/p>\n

Posledn\u00ed n\u00e1lezy v\u0161ak nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee to byli pr\u00e1v\u011b migranti z Afriky, kde byly objeveny nejstar\u0161\u00ed harpuny.<\/p>\n

Po p\u0159\u00edchodu na Timor mohli migranti nad\u00e1le chytat ryby a mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010dichy, k \u010demu\u017e ostrov poskytoval nejlep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost.<\/p>\n

Afri\u010dan\u00e9 se mohli p\u0159est\u011bhovat do Austr\u00e1lie p\u0159ed asi 50-60 tis\u00edci lety. V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee v t\u00e9 dob\u011b jeskyn\u011b Jerimalai na Timoru (1) byla ji\u017e os\u00eddlena. Vykop\u00e1vky ve spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti jeskyn\u011b objevily hromadu 40.000 kost\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00fdch ryb, \u017eelv a dal\u0161\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at, stejn\u011b jako n\u00e1stroje. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee do tohoto „odpadu“ spadly i ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 h\u00e1\u010dky z mo\u0159sk\u00fdch ulit a \u0161kebl\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee do\u0161lo k nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed archeologick\u00e9 senzaci – vznik rybolovu byl posunut des\u00edtky tis\u00edc let do minulosti.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed 42.000 lety prvn\u00ed ryb\u00e1\u0159i \u017eili v jeskyn\u00edch. Z\u00e1klad jejich j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku byly makrely, n\u011bkdy tu\u0148\u00e1ci a mal\u00ed \u017eraloci … Ale p\u0159ed 38.000 roky jeskyn\u011b Jerimalai se stala neobyvatelnou. V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee to bylo zp\u016fsobeno poklesem hladiny mo\u0159e: ryb\u00e1\u0159i za\u010dali obsazovat dal\u0161\u00ed jeskyn\u011b, vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro tradi\u010dn\u00ed rybolov. Jen p\u0159ed 17.000 lety se mo\u0159e spolu s lidmi, vr\u00e1tili do zapomenut\u00e9 jeskyn\u011b. P\u0159ed 9.000 lety domorodci p\u0159e\u0161li k pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edmu rybolovu – mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ryby tvo\u0159ily u\u017e \u010dtvrtinu jejich stravy…<\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee sta\u0159\u00ed ryb\u00e1\u0159i m\u011bli dobr\u00e9 dovednosti k plavb\u011b. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee brzy kolonizovali sousedn\u00ed Moluccansk\u00e9 souostrov\u00ed a rychle obydlili ostrovy Oce\u00e1nie.<\/p>\n

Radiokarbonov\u00e9 datov\u00e1n\u00ed vzork\u016f z ran\u00e9ho s\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Timoru uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee jeskyn\u011b Lene Hara (2) byla nejprve obsazena lidmi asi p\u0159ed 30-35.000 lety. V\u011bt\u0161ina v\u011bdc\u016f se zaj\u00edm\u00e1 o zp\u016fsoby, kter\u00fdmi sta\u0159\u00ed osadn\u00edci mohli plout. Je s podivem, \u017ee radiokarbonov\u00e9 datov\u00e1n\u00ed vzork\u016f opracovan\u00fdch \u0161kebl\u00ed z Lene Hara je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 toto\u017en\u00e1 s \u00fadaji o st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed prvn\u00edho australsk\u00e9ho os\u00eddlen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee Asie nebo Afrika? Ot\u00e1zka, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nen\u00ed pln\u011b vysv\u011btlena, ale v\u011bdci pokra\u010duj\u00ed ve vykop\u00e1vk\u00e1ch a nov\u00e9 objevy n\u00e1s \u010dekaj\u00ed…<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) http:\/\/donsmaps.com\/timorcave.html<\/a> <\/em>
\n(2) http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lene_Hara_cave<\/a> <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u016fvod domorod\u00fdch Australan\u016f je pro v\u011bdce st\u00e1le z\u00e1hadou.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":560,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[41,89],"class_list":["post-3093","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-archeologie","tag-australie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3093","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3093"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3093\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3094,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3093\/revisions\/3094"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3093"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3093"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3093"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}