{"id":2966,"date":"2024-06-23T00:02:33","date_gmt":"2024-06-22T22:02:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=2966"},"modified":"2025-06-02T03:10:50","modified_gmt":"2025-06-02T01:10:50","slug":"o-historickych-zaznamech-mimoradnych-prirodnich-jevu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/06\/23\/o-historickych-zaznamech-mimoradnych-prirodnich-jevu\/","title":{"rendered":"O historick\u00fdch z\u00e1znamech mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch jev\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 historick\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy neobvykl\u00fdch jev\u016f na obloze nelze jednodu\u0161e vysv\u011btlit jako pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e, meteory \u010di komety.<\/p>\n

Nej\u00fapln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed katalog pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed z cel\u00e9 severn\u00ed polokoule za \u0161\u00ed\u0159ek men\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e 55 stup\u0148\u016f obsahuje ji\u017e po dopl\u0148ku p\u0159es 6000 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f z obdob\u00ed let 1000 – 1900. Byly vyu\u017eity ve\u0161ker\u00e9 zachoval\u00e9 historick\u00e9 prameny, kroniky, z\u00e1pisy, kalend\u00e1\u0159e, noviny a \u017eurn\u00e1ly, obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed astronomick\u00fdch jev\u016f a katalogy pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed sestaven\u00fdch v r\u016fzn\u00fdch obdob\u00edch a z r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edst a oblast\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed katalogu z r. 1985 bez ned\u00e1vno zakon\u010den\u00e9ho dopl\u0148ku bylo vyu\u017eito v \u0159ad\u011b zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edch autor\u016f, z \u010deho\u017e je patrn\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 aktu\u00e1lnost pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed ve v\u00fdzkumu kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivity a jejich terestrick\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed po v\u00fdskytu velk\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivity representovan\u00e9 velk\u00fdmi slune\u010dn\u00edmi skvrnami a mohutn\u00fdmi erupcemi, kter\u00e9 jsou zdrojem v\u00fdron\u016f oblak\u016f \u010d\u00e1stic s magnetick\u00fdmi poli.<\/p>\n

Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e (t\u00e9\u017e aurory) jsou projevem z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed plyn\u016f ve vysok\u00e9 zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch nad 60 km p\u0159i sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch s \u010d\u00e1sticemi proud\u00edc\u00edmi z vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zemsk\u00e9 magnetosf\u00e9ry, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z chvostov\u00e9 no\u010dn\u00ed strany, kdy\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke sr\u00e1\u017ece slune\u010dn\u00edho magnetoplasmov\u00e9ho oblaku a jeho n\u00e1razov\u00e9 vlny s vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi oblastmi zemsk\u00e9 magnetosf\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n

Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e b\u00fdvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvar\u016f, difusn\u00ed nebo s rychle se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed strukturou, jsou dosti r\u016fzn\u00e9ho zbarven\u00ed: \u010derven\u00e9, rud\u011b oran\u017eov\u00e9, fialov\u00e9, zelen\u00e9, namodral\u00e9, b\u011blav\u00e9 a mnohdy vzbuzuj\u00ed sv\u00fdmi fantastick\u00fdmi tvary a prom\u011bnami mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1jem obyvatel. Vyskytuj\u00ed se p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b kolem zemsk\u00fdch p\u00f3l\u016f, nebo\u0165 elektricky nabit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice jsou sv\u00e1d\u011bny k magnetick\u00fdm p\u00f3l\u016fm Zem\u011b. Jeliko\u017e pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e jsou p\u0159ekr\u00e1sn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm jevem, vzbuzuj\u00ed z\u00e1jem lid\u00ed a b\u00fdvaj\u00ed zachyceny i v z\u00e1pisech star\u00fdch kronik. Jeliko\u017e si lid\u00e9 tyto jevy nedovedli vysv\u011btlit, vzbuzovaly v nich \u00fadiv, strach a mnoz\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli sklon k fantastick\u00e9mu poj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch jev\u016f, v nich spat\u0159ovali i to, co na nich ve skute\u010dnosti vid\u011bt nebylo.<\/p>\n

Zachycen\u00e9 popisy \u010di obrazy auror z minul\u00fdch stalet\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme rozd\u011blit na ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00e1 a na fantastick\u00e1. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e se obvykle vyskytovala nad rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edm \u00fazem\u00edm, jsou popisy k dispozici n\u011bkdy i z r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edst a zem\u00ed. Velmi \u010dasto se pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e popisovala ve st\u0159edov\u011bku jako st\u0159etnut\u00ed bojuj\u00edc\u00edch vojsk. Je jen zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee jedna a t\u00e1\u017e z\u00e1\u0159e vyvolala i ve skupin\u011b pozoruj\u00edc\u00edch lid\u00ed v jejich hlav\u00e1ch obraz bitvy a stejn\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0159e byla ztv\u00e1rn\u011bna jin\u00fdm um\u011blcem p\u0159i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed na jin\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b jako realistick\u00fd jev v podob\u011b re\u00e1ln\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 draperie.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. Melantrich z Avent\u00fdna, 1562<\/em><\/p>\n

Tato rozd\u00edlnost v popisech je b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 a mohla by b\u00fdt seri\u00f3zn\u011b zkoum\u00e1na psychology a psychiatry. Je ov\u0161em podivn\u00e9, \u017ee fantastick\u00e9 ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed a popisy jsou dosv\u011bd\u010dov\u00e1ny nejednou t\u0159eba skupinou lid\u00ed. Z\u0159ejm\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed i na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed jedinc\u016f a na jejich sugestivn\u00edm ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed. B\u00fdv\u00e1 tomu koneckonc\u016f i dnes, kdy v\u011bdeck\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky sledovan\u00e1 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e vyvol\u00e1 ve skupince lid\u00ed dojem, \u017ee v \u00fadol\u00ed p\u0159ist\u00e1vaj\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 z jin\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f. Sta\u010dilo, aby otec rodiny to tak interpretoval a p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nici rodiny to tak „na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di“ vid\u011bli a pod\u00e1vali zpr\u00e1vu.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 historick\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy neobvykl\u00fdch jev\u016f na obloze nelze jednodu\u0161e vysv\u011btlit jako pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e, meteory \u010di komety. Jedn\u00edm z nich je i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed z francouzsk\u00e9 provincie Touraine 15. srpna 1670. Lid\u00e9 zde vid\u011bli po dv\u011b hodiny rychle let\u00edc\u00ed \u201enebesk\u00e1 vozidla“ tvaru hranat\u00e9 desky, p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e1 novodob\u00e1 UFO. (1)<\/p>\n

Oblasti Touraine<\/em> a Provence<\/em> byly v 17. stolet\u00ed n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t m\u00edstem v\u00fdskytu podobn\u00fdch nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch jev\u016f. Referovaly o nich mnoh\u00e9 tehdej\u0161\u00ed noviny. Nap\u0159\u00edklad lednov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo Gazette z r. 1637 p\u00ed\u0161e o tom, \u017ee v ji\u017en\u00ed \u010dasti Francie, p\u0159esn\u011bji nad Marseille, se t\u0159ikr\u00e1t objevil okrouhl\u00fd z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt podobn\u00fd Slunci, kter\u00fd v\u017edy rychle p\u0159elet\u011bl nad m\u011bstem a zmizel za horizontem. Tento z\u00e1hadn\u00fd objekt se objevoval na obloze pravideln\u011b v\u017edy kolem des\u00e1t\u00e9 hodiny dopoledne cel\u00fd leden! Cardan a jin\u00ed astrologov\u00e9 tvrdili: Jsou to Bo\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1zraky. P\u00e1n takto oznamuje zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 nastanou v krajin\u011b… i novin\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed to r\u00e1di pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1kladu jejich \u010dasopisu p\u0159etiskli.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Takovou „z\u00e1hadu“ spojenou s individu\u00e1ln\u00ed a masovou autosugesc\u00ed a fantaz\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00edm zachytil ji\u017e v r. 1562 Melantrich z Avent\u00fdna<\/em> v tehdej\u0161\u00edch let\u00e1c\u00edch s novinkami. Publikoval dva d\u0159evo\u0159ezy zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edmi pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159i z 13. na 14. b\u0159ezna 1562. Na jednom je po\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed bitva mezi k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm a tureck\u00fdm vojskem, na druh\u00e9m d\u0159evo\u0159ezu je pak re\u00e1ln\u00e1 krajina s okrajem m\u011bsta a s poho\u0159\u00edm. Draperie pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e se zhu\u0161t\u011bninami a oblaky je nad krajinou a m\u011bstem (Welmi diwna a y hrozn\u00e1 widienij a z\u00e1zracy, Ji\u0159\u00ed Melantrich z Avent\u00fdna, 1562).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. Tourane, 1670.<\/em><\/p>\n

Oba obrazy maj\u00ed zn\u00e1zor\u0148ovat tot\u00e9\u017e. Obraz s bitvou byl ov\u0161em pouze v hlav\u00e1ch lid\u00ed a st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho um\u011blce.<\/p>\n

Podrobn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va i s kopiemi obou d\u0159evo\u0159ez\u016f se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v publikaci „Solar activity, aurora and climate in Central Europe in the last 1000 years“, L. K\u0159ivsk\u00fd, K. Pejml, Trav. de Hnst. G\u00e9ophys. de l’Acad. Tch\u00e9coslov. des Sci., No 606,1985.<\/em><\/p>\n

RNDr. LADISLAV K\u0158IVSK\u00dd, CSc. (p\u0159edneseno 18.9.1993 ve Vla\u0161imi)<\/em><\/p>\n

In: Sborn\u00edk O mezn\u00edch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch astronomie (1. d\u00edl) Benefit, Vla\u0161im 1994<\/em><\/p>\n

Graf : http:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/2012\/08\/23\/agu-link-found-between-cold-european-winters-and-solar-activity\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

(1) Obr.: Tourane, 1670. Internet: http:\/\/jimmcneill.wordpress.com\/2012\/02\/10\/strange-happenings-in-the-sky-over-the-touraine-1670-can-you-shed-any-light\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1155,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,17,19],"tags":[41,24],"class_list":["post-2966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-veda","category-zahady","tag-archeologie","tag-evropa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2966"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2971,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2966\/revisions\/2971"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}