{"id":2937,"date":"2024-06-20T00:21:45","date_gmt":"2024-06-19T22:21:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=2937"},"modified":"2024-07-28T22:39:49","modified_gmt":"2024-07-28T20:39:49","slug":"stare-civilizace-v-udoli-indu-zahubilo-sucho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/06\/20\/stare-civilizace-v-udoli-indu-zahubilo-sucho\/","title":{"rendered":"Star\u00e9 civilizace v \u00fadol\u00ed Indu zahubilo sucho"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prvn\u00edm metropol\u00edm na\u0161\u00ed planety se nedost\u00e1valo vody
\nNov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum na archeolog\u016f z Cambridge University a Hinduistick\u00e9 univerzity ve Varanasi, pod veden\u00edm dr. Cameron Petrie (1) nazna\u010duje, \u017ee nejstar\u0161\u00ed civilizace na sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00e1 existovala v Indii a P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu v dob\u011b bronzov\u00e9, zmizela kv\u016fli … glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed. Megam\u011bsta v \u00fadol\u00ed \u0159eky Indus na severoz\u00e1pad\u011b Indie, kter\u00e1 existovala ve 3. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem, byla opu\u0161t\u011bna v d\u016fsledku zm\u011bny klimatu, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobila sucho. Tento neradostn\u00fd proces prob\u011bhl v 21. \u2013 20. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed n.l.<\/p>\n

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Obr. 1 Civilizace v \u00fadol\u00ed Indu (mapa) <\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. 2 Rekonstrukce m\u011bsta Harappa<\/em><\/p>\n

Archeologov\u00e9 se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee s\u00e9rie z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch such\u00fdch obdob\u00ed v oblasti \u00fadol\u00ed Indu, kter\u00e1 trvala asi 200 let, vedla k rychl\u00e9mu poklesu m\u011bstsk\u00e9 civilizace v t\u00e9to oblasti, kter\u00e1 zde vyrostla p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159mi tis\u00edci lety.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkum\u016f britsk\u00fdch a indick\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f se shoduje chronologicky s jin\u00fdmi studiemi, v nich\u017e byly analyzov\u00e1ny vzorky odebran\u00e9 ze dna Arabsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e a Om\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, stejn\u011b jako z kr\u00e1pn\u00edk\u016f z jesky\u0148 na severov\u00fdchod\u011b Indie a jihu Arabsk\u00e9ho poloostrova.<\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed se historici domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee velk\u00e1 sucha na p\u0159elomu 3. a 2. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem, jsou alespo\u0148 z\u010d\u00e1sti na vin\u011b zmizen\u00ed nejen civilizac\u00ed v \u00fadol\u00ed Indu, ale i akkadsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e v Mezopot\u00e1mii, Star\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e v Egypt\u011b a rann\u00edch \u0159eck\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed doby bronzov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. 3 Mohend\u017eod\u00e1ro<\/em><\/p>\n

Brit\u0161t\u00ed a indi\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci analyzovali vzorky odebran\u00e9 ze dna vyschl\u00e9ho jezera pobl\u00ed\u017e Dill\u00ed. Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Indie je jen 60 kilometr\u016f od v\u00fdchodn\u00ed hranice starov\u011bk\u00e9 civilizace Indu. Anal\u00fdza izotop\u016f v\u00e1pn\u00edku ve sko\u0159\u00e1pk\u00e1ch pl\u017e\u016f \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch v jeze\u0159e, umo\u017e\u0148uje v nich stanovit mno\u017estv\u00ed vody. Do\u0161li k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee obdob\u00ed 2100 \u2013 1900 p\u0159. n.l. na severoz\u00e1pad\u011b Indie bylo velmi such\u00e9. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 tak velk\u00e1 m\u011bsta, kde po\u010det obyvatel dos\u00e1hl 100 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed, za\u010dala rychle ch\u00e1trat. Civilizace, kter\u00e1 p\u0159e\u017eila p\u011bt stolet\u00ed, zmizela, p\u00ed\u0161e se v \u010dasopisu Geology (2), kter\u00fd publikoval v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkum\u016f.<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) http:\/\/www.arch.cam.ac.uk\/directory\/cap59<\/a> <\/em>
\n(2) http:\/\/geology.gsapubs.org\/content\/early\/2014\/02\/24\/G35236.1.full.pdf+html?sid=7895e025-7708-4fad-a063-8a29c9c51f5c<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prvn\u00edm metropol\u00edm na\u0161\u00ed planety se nedost\u00e1valo vody<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1327,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[49],"class_list":["post-2937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-asie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2937","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2937"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2937\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2941,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2937\/revisions\/2941"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2937"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2937"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2937"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}