{"id":2820,"date":"2024-06-29T00:09:09","date_gmt":"2024-06-28T22:09:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=2820"},"modified":"2024-07-06T23:32:36","modified_gmt":"2024-07-06T21:32:36","slug":"kde-vymysleli-gilotinu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/06\/29\/kde-vymysleli-gilotinu\/","title":{"rendered":"Kde vymysleli gilotinu?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Ve Francii, odpov\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd. Ale to je omyl. Bylo to v Halifaxu, v anglick\u00e9m Yorkshire.<\/strong><!--more--><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2822 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/zaz_kdo-vymyslel-gilotinu0.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"120\" height=\"81\" \/>Prvn\u00ed gilotina byla vytvo\u0159ena ze dvou d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch tr\u00e1m\u016f o v\u00fd\u0161ce 4,5 m, mezi kter\u00fdmi byla uchycena deska s \u017eeleznou sekerou, a ovl\u00e1dan\u00e1 kladkou a lanem. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed zdroje uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee nejm\u00e9n\u011b 53 lid\u00ed bylo popraveno v letech 1286-1650 t\u00edmto strojem.<\/p>\n<p>Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku byl Halifax vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdm st\u0159ediskem obchodu se suknem. Lid\u00e9 si zvykli nechat velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed drah\u00fdch l\u00e1tek schnout venku. Komunita \u010delila docela v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9mu probl\u00e9mu: kr\u00e1de\u017ei textilu. Proto se uch\u00fdlili k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed takov\u00e9ho stroje na zab\u00edjen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2821 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/zaz_kdo-vymyslel-gilotinu.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/zaz_kdo-vymyslel-gilotinu.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/zaz_kdo-vymyslel-gilotinu-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Tento skotsk\u00fd stroj se jmenoval Iron Maiden, a z\u0159ejm\u011b inspiroval Francouze, kte\u0159\u00ed si ho p\u016fj\u010dovali k trest\u00e1n\u00ed pachatel\u016f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2823 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/zaz_kdo-vymyslel-guillotin.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"190\" height=\"240\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Term\u00edn <em>&#8222;gilotina&#8220;<\/em> poch\u00e1z\u00ed od <em>Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotina<\/em> (1), kter\u00e9mu se nel\u00edbily hrozn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 popravy. V roce 1789 vytvo\u0159il pl\u00e1n, jak reformovat francouzsk\u00fd trestn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, ve snaze ho zlid\u0161tit. Za prv\u00e9 navrhoval sjednocen\u00ed sankc\u00ed, aby chud\u00ed i bohat\u00ed dost\u00e1vali stejn\u00e9 tresty za podobn\u00e9 \u010diny, ale v\u011bt\u0161ina jeho n\u00e1vrh\u016f byla zam\u00edtnuta. Jen d\u00edky jeho n\u00e1padu na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed stroje, kter\u00fd by rychle zabil odsouzen\u00e9 k trestu smrti, se stal popul\u00e1rn\u00edm. N\u00e1vrh <em>dr. Guillotina<\/em> byl p\u0159ijat a kr\u00e1l<em> Ludv\u00edk XV.<\/em> (2) v roce 1792 vytvo\u0159il prvn\u00ed prototyp takov\u00e9ho stroje na zab\u00edjen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1zev <em>guillotina<\/em> se vryl do kolektivn\u00ed pam\u011bti jako stroj na zab\u00edjen\u00ed. Nese jm\u00e9no <em>dr. Guillotina,<\/em> navzdory skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee nebyl jej\u00edm autorem, a ani l\u00e9ka\u0159ova rodina s t\u00edm nesouhlasila.<\/p>\n<p><em>Odkazy<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(1) <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(2) <a href=\"http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ludv%C3%ADk_XV.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ludv%C3%ADk_XV.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ve Francii, odpov\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd. Ale to je omyl. Bylo to v Halifaxu, v anglick\u00e9m Yorkshire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":424,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[24],"class_list":["post-2820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-evropa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2820","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2820"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2820\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2824,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2820\/revisions\/2824"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}