{"id":2755,"date":"2024-05-30T00:54:01","date_gmt":"2024-05-29T22:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=2755"},"modified":"2024-06-26T23:58:01","modified_gmt":"2024-06-26T21:58:01","slug":"zemedelstvi-temer-vyhubilo-lidstvo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/05\/30\/zemedelstvi-temer-vyhubilo-lidstvo\/","title":{"rendered":"Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vyhubilo lidstvo\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e9 kdysi nahradily lov a sb\u011br, radik\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bnily \u017eivot lidstva.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>D\u00edky nim se lid\u00e9 za\u010dali dosyta stravovat, za\u010dali tk\u00e1t l\u00e1tky, ze kter\u00fdch bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bt i jin\u00e9 oble\u010den\u00ed, ne\u017e jen ko\u017ee\u0161iny&#8230; Jen\u017ee &#8211; na mnoha m\u00edstech p\u0159ineslo zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed i zna\u010dn\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p>Je to pravda. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, domorod\u00e9 n\u00e1rody Sibi\u0159e se zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00edm nezab\u00fdvaly, i kdy\u017e by se mohlo zd\u00e1t, \u017ee v tomto regionu by tato \u010dinnost m\u011bla b\u00fdt docela v\u00fdnosn\u00e1. Neza\u010dali ani se zahradni\u010den\u00edm a osevn\u00fdmi kampan\u011bmi ani v Kar\u00e9lii a na poloostrov\u011b Kola. Lid\u00e9 i nad\u00e1le d\u00e1vali p\u0159ednost lovu a rybolovu, a orn\u00e1 p\u016fda zab\u00edr\u00e1 velmi mal\u00e9 procento rozlohy t\u00e9to zem\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Bylo skute\u010dn\u011b kdysi obd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy nutnost\u00ed pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed? V\u017edy\u0165 lesy byly tehdy bohat\u00e9 na zv\u00ed\u0159ata a pt\u00e1ky, ryby je\u0161t\u011b dnes lze v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch rezervac\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee chytat hol\u00fdma rukama&#8230; Prvobytn\u011b pospoln\u00ed lid\u00e9 byli schopni konzervovat houby a lesn\u00ed plody, vyr\u00e1b\u011bli z nich povidla s medem, v\u00edno i nealkoholick\u00e9 n\u00e1poje. Jedli chl\u00e9b vyroben\u00fd z k\u016fry a \u017ealud\u016f&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Pro\u010d se na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 od r\u00e1na do ve\u010dera v\u011bnovali takov\u00e9 tvrd\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci? Nav\u00edc, mnoho v\u011bdc\u016f v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee to bylo zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vedlo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu poklesu po\u010dtu obyvatel, kter\u00e9 lze srovnat se smrt\u00edc\u00edmi epidemiemi v Evrop\u011b ve st\u0159edov\u011bku.<\/p>\n<p>Podle v\u011bdc\u016f, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed je \u00fazce spjato s usedl\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem \u017eivota. Tak\u017ee, ka\u017ed\u00fd lovec bloudil p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy pouze v ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti, a necht\u011bl z n\u011bj odej\u00edt. Koneckonc\u016f, tento les \u017eivil jeho otce, d\u011bda&#8230; Prostor, kde \u017eil ur\u010dit\u00fd kmen, u\u017eivil jeho \u010dleny po mnoho stalet\u00ed. Na n\u011bkter\u00fdch obydlen\u00fdch m\u00edstech bylo nalezeno tolik kost\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at, kter\u00e9 sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee zde stejn\u00fd kmen \u017eil nejm\u00e9n\u011b tis\u00edc let.<\/p>\n<p>Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee n\u00e1pad zab\u00fdvat se zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00edm by primitivn\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka nenapadl, pokud by nevznikla \u00farodn\u00e1 \u00fadol\u00ed asijsk\u00fdch \u0159ek asi p\u0159ed 8500 lety. Po p\u011bti stolet\u00edch se zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed postupn\u011b p\u0159elilo do Evropy. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, na evropsk\u00e9m severu se prosadilo teprve p\u0159ed 6000 lety.<\/p>\n<p>Za\u010daly se vytv\u00e1\u0159et z\u00e1soby potravin, strava se tak\u00e9 stala rozmanit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo i n\u00e1r\u016fst porodnosti. Ale po obdob\u00ed prosperity p\u0159i\u0161el (t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy), i \u010das hladu. Mnoho zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch taj\u016f je\u0161t\u011b nebylo odhaleno. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, jak dlouho to asi trvalo, ne\u017e se p\u0159i\u0161lo na to, \u017ee p\u011bstovat tu samou plodinu na stejn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b nen\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9?<\/p>\n<p>\u201eExperimenty&#8220;, \u010di sp\u00ed\u0161e metody \u201epokus-omyl\u201c si braly svou da\u0148. I kdy\u017e tvrd\u011b pracuj\u00edc\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci u\u017e neznali hlad lovc\u016f, z\u00e1visl\u00fdch na n\u00e1hodn\u00e9m \u00falovku, byli v\u017edy z\u00e1visl\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 ne\u00farod\u011b. Mo\u017en\u00e1 to je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d v m\u00edstech s velmi drsn\u00fdm klimatem zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed koexistovalo i s p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdm sb\u011brem, lovem a rybolovem. A tam, kde byli lid\u00e9 z\u00e1visl\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b na zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, vym\u0159ely cel\u00e9 vesnice nebo byli nuceni odej\u00edt a vyhledat si lep\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot&#8230; Proto jsou i dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9 hladov\u00e9 vzpoury&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Asi p\u0159ed 4000 lety se po\u010det obyvatel Evropy n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eil. V\u00fdzkumy dosp\u011bly k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee to postihlo \u00fazem\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00e9ho kontinentu. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch regionech po\u010det obyvatel klesl o 60 procent, zat\u00edmco v jin\u00fdch 30 procent. Vysv\u011btlit tento zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed fenom\u00e9n zm\u011bnou klimatu nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, proto\u017ee tomu nic nenasv\u011bd\u010duje.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee se tento proces opakoval n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu v\u011bdci navrhli: mohlo to b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeno t\u00edm, \u017ee zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 technologie t\u00e9 doby nebyla schopna zajistit potravu pro celou populaci. Tehdy neexistovaly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vysoce v\u00fdnosn\u00e9 odr\u016fdy. Prvn\u00ed roln\u00edci nem\u011bli p\u0159edstavu o vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy, pot\u0159eb\u011b ji pravideln\u011b hnojit. P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed plodin bez p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed vedlo k vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy, slabosti rostlin a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobnosti v\u00fdskytu chorob. A pak ude\u0159il na kmen hlad &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, \u017ee p\u0159i kultivaci orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy se musel krmit dobytek. Koneckonc\u016f, pro starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka znamenalo mno\u017estv\u00ed skotu bohatstv\u00ed a prosperitu.<\/p>\n<p>Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed tedy zp\u016fsobilo vznik rodiny a patriarch\u00e1tu. Zat\u00edmco d\u0159\u00edve vl\u00e1dly \u017eeny, kter\u00e9 rozhodovaly o rozd\u011blen\u00ed naloven\u00e9ho masa, se vznikem zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed ekonomick\u00e1 s\u00edla, tedy z\u00e1soby, dobytek i otroci se staly majetkem mu\u017e\u016f a \u017eeny se musely pod\u0159\u00eddit.<\/p>\n<p>Do\u0161lo tak i k rozvrstven\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. Vl\u00e1dci a bojovn\u00edci nemohli orat zemi. Tato nevd\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce se stala \u00fad\u011blem pro &#8222;plebejce&#8220; a otroky.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdb\u011br proto nebyl velk\u00fd \u2013 bu\u010f ko\u010dovat, nebo trvale skr\u00e1p\u011bt \u010dernou p\u016fdu potem&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed zv\u00edt\u011bzilo.<\/p>\n<p>Tak &#8222;modern\u00ed technologie&#8220;, kter\u00e1 podle historik\u016f p\u0159isp\u011bla k rychl\u00e9mu rozvoji spole\u010dnosti, i m\u00e1lem n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t vyhubila lidstvo. Ale n\u00e1rody, kter\u00e9 v\u017edy vedly hospoda\u0159en\u00ed &#8222;postaru&#8220;, t\u0159eba v Africe nebo v amazonsk\u00fdch prales\u00edch, p\u0159e\u017eily dodnes a udr\u017eely si svou odli\u0161nou kulturu. Pravda, z\u016fstaly na \u00farovni doby kamenn\u00e9\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e9 kdysi nahradily lov a sb\u011br, radik\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bnily \u017eivot lidstva.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":424,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,17],"tags":[41],"class_list":["post-2755","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-veda","tag-archeologie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2755","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2755"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2755\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2756,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2755\/revisions\/2756"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2755"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2755"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}