{"id":2572,"date":"2024-04-30T00:29:46","date_gmt":"2024-04-29T22:29:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=2572"},"modified":"2024-05-19T00:40:14","modified_gmt":"2024-05-18T22:40:14","slug":"tajemne-dvanactisteny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/04\/30\/tajemne-dvanactisteny\/","title":{"rendered":"Tajemn\u00e9 dvan\u00e1ctist\u011bny"},"content":{"rendered":"

zm\u00e1tly archeology: pou\u017e\u00edvaly se v \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, ale nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, pro\u010d<\/strong>
\nV Anglii byl nalezen dokonale zachoval\u00fd \u201e\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd dvan\u00e1ctist\u011bn\u201c. Vykopali ho m\u00edstn\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 z Norton Disney History and Archeology Group z ruin starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 vily v Lincolnshire.<\/p>\n

Dvan\u00e1ctst\u011bny jsou dut\u00e9 artefakty o velikosti n\u011bkolika centimetr\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z 12 stejn\u00fdch p\u011bti\u00faheln\u00edk\u016f, ve kter\u00fdch jsou vytvo\u0159eny otvory r\u016fzn\u00fdch pr\u016fm\u011br\u016f. Na vrcholc\u00edch p\u011bti\u00faheln\u00edk\u016f jsou mal\u00e9 hrbolky – obvykle ve form\u011b kuli\u010dek.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd dvan\u00e1ctist\u011bn mate archeology v\u00edce ne\u017e 200 let.<\/em><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty zjevn\u011b nebyly levn\u00e9. Jejich materi\u00e1lem jsou slitiny r\u016fzn\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed na b\u00e1zi m\u011bdi. V Lincolnshire je to asi 75 procent, zbytek je c\u00edn a olovo. N\u00e1lez vypad\u00e1 jako nov\u00fd – bez zn\u00e1mek opot\u0159eben\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Velikost – pr\u016fm\u011br 8 cm. Hmotnost – 245 gram\u016f. Je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech dostupn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed dvan\u00e1ctist\u011bn byl nalezen v Anglii ji\u017e v 18. stolet\u00ed. N\u011bkolik des\u00edtek bylo pozd\u011bji objeveno v N\u011bmecku, Rakousku, \u0160v\u00fdcarsku, Holandsku, Francii a Belgii. P\u0159edm\u011bt, kter\u00fd byl op\u011bt nalezen v Anglii, se stal celkov\u011b 130. a 33. objeven\u00fdm ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii.<\/p>\n

Takov\u00e9 hojn\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy na \u00fazem\u00ed, kde se kdysi rozkl\u00e1dala \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee jej\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 velmi aktivn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvali 12-ti strann\u00e9 kameny. Ale jak? Za jak\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem? Zat\u00edm je to prvn\u00ed ne\u0159e\u0161iteln\u00e1 z\u00e1hada.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 z\u00e1hada – ani jeden historick\u00fd dokument neobsahuje informace o dvan\u00e1ctist\u011bnech.<\/p>\n

Jejich obrazy nejsou na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 fresce, ani na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 mozaice \u2013 jako by takov\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty v\u016fbec neexistovaly.<\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed z\u00e1hada: v It\u00e1lii \u2013 sam\u00e9m srdci \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u2013 nebyl nalezen jedin\u00fd \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd dvan\u00e1ctist\u011bn.<\/p>\n

Existuje mnoho hypot\u00e9z, ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 nen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z nepotvrzen\u00fdch p\u0159edpoklad\u016f jsou nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tyto: dvan\u00e1ctist\u011bny jsou kostky, ale ne obvykl\u00e9 – se 6 plochami, ale s 12. Jsou to jak\u00e9si m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje? Nebo \u010d\u00e1sti zbran\u00ed? Nebo sou\u010d\u00e1sti oble\u010den\u00ed? Nebo pletac\u00ed pot\u0159eby? Nebo n\u00e1stroje pro v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 ka\u017ed\u00e1 plocha by mohla odpov\u00eddat jednomu z 12 znamen\u00ed zv\u011brokruhu. Nebo jeden z 12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Artefakty mohly b\u00fdt pou\u017eity jako sv\u00edcny? V jednom z nich byly nalezeny stopy vosku.<\/p>\n

Pravda, nikde jinde to nena\u0161li. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed docela seri\u00f3zn\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 m\u011bli podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee \u201e\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 dvan\u00e1ctist\u011bny\u201c slou\u017eily jako upev\u0148ovac\u00ed body pro \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 stany – do otvor\u016f byly vkl\u00e1d\u00e1ny ty\u010de, na kter\u00e9 byly zav\u011b\u0161eny stanov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n

Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpoklad: dut\u00e9 12-ti strann\u00e9 kusy s kuli\u010dkami p\u0159edstavili z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm kovod\u011bln\u00ed \u0159emesln\u00edci, \u010d\u00edm\u017e uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee to um\u00ed – to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bli sv\u00e9 dovednosti. To je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d jsou dvan\u00e1ctist\u011bny r\u016fzn\u00e9 a vyroben\u00e9 s r\u016fzn\u00fdm stupn\u011bm p\u0159esnosti.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. 130 nalezen\u00fd dvan\u00e1ctist\u011bn, ned\u00e1vno nalezen\u00fd v Anglii.<\/em><\/p>\n

Minul\u00fd rok byl v Belgii nalezen fragment \u201e\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho dvan\u00e1ctist\u011bnu\u201c – fragment\u016f je tak\u00e9 mnoho. To vedlo k domn\u011bnce m\u00edstn\u00edch v\u011bdc\u016f, \u017ee artefakty byly pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny v magick\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lech – s jejich pomoc\u00ed n\u011bjak p\u0159edpov\u00eddali budoucnost, co\u017e bylo mezi star\u00fdmi \u0158\u00edmany velmi obl\u00edben\u00e9, ale s p\u0159\u00edchodem k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no.<\/p>\n

Podle n\u00e1zoru autor\u016f t\u00e9to hypot\u00e9zy se ne bezd\u016fvodn\u011b nej\u010dast\u011bji vyskytuj\u00ed jen kusy artefakt\u016f – po dokon\u010den\u00ed ritu\u00e1lu a p\u0159edpov\u011bdi byl dvan\u00e1ctist\u011bn rozbit. Podle t\u00e9to logiky budeme muset uznat, \u017ee r\u016fzn\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 st\u0159epy nevznikly n\u00e1hodou \u2013 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee n\u00e1dob\u00ed bylo \u00famysln\u011b rozbito b\u011bhem dom\u00e1c\u00edch skand\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n

Nejorigin\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hypot\u00e9za: dvan\u00e1ctist\u011bny k ni\u010demu neslou\u017eily. Jednodu\u0161e si s nimi lid\u00e9 hr\u00e1li v rukou.<\/p>\n

Tyto hra\u010dky jist\u011b budou m\u00e1st archeology je\u0161t\u011b hodn\u011b dlouho.<\/p>\n

Port\u00e1l ScienceAlert<\/em> cituje doktorku Samanthu Tipper<\/em>, kter\u00e1 se \u00fa\u010dastnila vykop\u00e1vek v r\u00e1mci Norton Disney Archeology Group a osobn\u011b objevila dvan\u00e1ctist\u011bn:<\/p>\n

\u201eZd\u00e1 se, \u017ee tento objekt z\u016fstane je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjakou dobu z\u00e1hadou.\u201c<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

zm\u00e1tly archeology: pou\u017e\u00edvaly se v \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, ale nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, pro\u010d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[41,24],"class_list":["post-2572","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-archeologie","tag-evropa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2572","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2572"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2572\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2575,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2572\/revisions\/2575"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2572"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2572"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}