{"id":2533,"date":"2024-04-18T00:54:49","date_gmt":"2024-04-17T22:54:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=2533"},"modified":"2024-05-15T18:14:14","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T16:14:14","slug":"v2-v-praze-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/04\/18\/v2-v-praze-1\/","title":{"rendered":"V2 v Praze (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Akademik <em>V. Mi\u0161in<\/em> odhaluje str\u00e1nky z d\u011bjin kosmonautiky, kter\u00e9 se je\u0161t\u011b ned\u00e1vno pokl\u00e1daly za tajn\u00e9<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>Li 2 let\u00ed do Berl\u00edna<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dne 9. srpna 1945 se na \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm leti\u0161ti v Moskv\u011b sch\u00e1zeli lid\u00e9 ve vojensk\u00fdch uniform\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 na nich visely jako pytle. Podle n\u00e1ramen\u00edk\u016f to byli vesm\u011bs majo\u0159i, podplukovn\u00edci a dokonce plukovn\u00edci, ale jen m\u00e1lo se podobali statn\u00fdm frontov\u00fdm d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016fm. Zku\u0161en\u00e9 oko muselo hned poznat, \u017ee to jsou vysloven\u011b civilist\u00e9.<br \/>\nCivilisty opravdu byli a\u017e do 8. srpna, kdy je jednotliv\u011b pozvali na \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdbor strany a informovali je, \u017ee jsou za\u0159azeni do meziresortn\u00ed komise. Pokl\u00e1dejte to za povol\u00e1n\u00ed do arm\u00e1dy, \u0159ekli jim. Z\u00edtra let\u00edte do Berl\u00edna, tak si vyzvedn\u011bte doklady a uniformy. Na m\u00edst\u011b v\u00e1m vysv\u011btl\u00ed, co tam budete d\u011blat&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2536 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/zaz_v2-v-praze-misin.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"281\" \/>&#8222;N\u011bjak\u00fd dotaz?&#8220;<\/p>\n<p>Nikdo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd dotaz nem\u011bl. V\u0161ichni ch\u00e1pali, \u017ee by to bylo zbyte\u010dn\u00e9. Zdvo\u0159il\u00e1 forma jedn\u00e1n\u00ed nikoho z nich neoklamala. Uv\u011bdomovali si, \u017ee je to rozkaz, o n\u011bm\u017e se nediskutuje&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>V prastar\u00e9m letadle Li 2 se usadili p\u0159\u00edmo na podlaze a \u017eertem konstatovali, \u017ee to je setk\u00e1n\u00ed na vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni, proto\u017ee let\u011bli vysoko nad mraky. Prakticky v\u0161ichni se navz\u00e1jem znali.<\/p>\n<p>&#8222;Tenkr\u00e1t m\u011b napadlo, \u017ee n\u00e1s dali dohromady, abychom z jednotliv\u00fdch st\u0159epin skl\u00e1dali n\u011bmeck\u00e9 raketov\u00e9 zbran\u011b V 2&#8220;, vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9m moskevsk\u00e9m byt\u011b akademik Vasilij Mi\u0161in, b\u00fdval\u00fd prvn\u00ed n\u00e1m\u011bstek nyn\u00ed slavn\u00e9ho zakladatele praktick\u00e9 kosmonautiky akademika Sergeje Koroljova, a pozd\u011bji i jeho n\u00e1stupce ve funkci hlavn\u00edho konstrukt\u00e9ra.<\/p>\n<p>&#8222;St\u0159epinami&#8220; se zab\u00fdvali u\u017e p\u0159ed rokem. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1944 v oblasti ofenz\u00edvy sov\u011btsk\u00fdch vojsk v Polsku na dobyt\u00e9 d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 st\u0159elnici v Dembici byly posb\u00edr\u00e1ny st\u0159epiny V-2, &#8222;tajn\u00e9 zbran\u011b&#8220; hitlerovsk\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka, a posl\u00e1ny do Moskvy b\u00fdval\u00e9mu Reaktivn\u00edmu v\u011bdeckov\u00fdzkumn\u00e9mu institutu, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n na V\u011bdeckov\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav No 1.<br \/>\nN\u00e1m\u011bstkem tam v t\u00e9 dob\u011b byl V. Bolchovitinov, kter\u00fd u\u017e p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou byl zn\u00e1m\u00fdm leteck\u00fdm konstrukt\u00e9rem, nebo\u0165 vyv\u00edjel stroje origin\u00e1ln\u00ed konstrukce. Za v\u00e1lky se zab\u00fdval v\u00fdvojem st\u00edha\u010dky s raketov\u00fdm motorem na tekut\u00e9 palivo. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 V-2 byla n\u011b\u010d\u00edm podobn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2540 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/zaz_v2-v-praze-v2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"120\" height=\"86\" \/>Pro pr\u00e1ce se &#8222;st\u0159epinami&#8220; vytvo\u0159ili nevelkou pracovn\u00ed skupinu ve slo\u017een\u00ed: N. Piljugin, A. Berez\u010fak, B. Certok, L. Voskresenskij a V. Mi\u0161in, jen\u017e byl patronem V. Bolchovitinova v leteck\u00e9 a raketov\u00e9 technice. Do t\u00e9to skupiny byl za\u0159azen tak\u00e9 M. Tichonravov a J. Pobedonosoev.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 raketov\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 centrum v <em>Peenem\u00fcnde<\/em> Spojenci rozbombardovali a\u017e do z\u00e1klad\u016f v roce 1943. N\u011bmci p\u0159est\u011bhovali odpalov\u00e1n\u00ed raket na d\u011blost\u0159eleckou st\u0159elnici v Dembici v b\u00fdval\u00e9m Rzeszowsk\u00e9m vojvodstv\u00ed na polsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed. N\u011bmeck\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 odd\u00edly, kter\u00e9 obsluhovaly odpalovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed &#8222;tajn\u00e9 zbran\u011b&#8220;, p\u0159ed ost\u0159elov\u00e1n\u00edm Lond\u00fdna absolvovaly v\u00fdcvik pr\u00e1v\u011b na t\u00e9to st\u0159elnici. Kdy\u017e ji sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vojska n\u00e1hle dobyla, padla do jejich rukou spousta \u00falomk\u016f zni\u010den\u00fdch, ale nevybuchl\u00fdch raket.<\/p>\n<p>Churchill bombardoval Stalina poselstv\u00edmi, v nich\u017e po\u017eadoval, aby britsk\u00fdm specialist\u016fm byla zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bna st\u0159elnice v Dembici, ale v t\u00e9 dob\u011b u\u017e ve V\u011bdeckov\u00fdzkumn\u00e9m institutu 1 podle &#8222;st\u0159epin&#8220; zrekonstruovali celkov\u00fd vzhled rakety, vypo\u010d\u00edtali dr\u00e1hu jej\u00edho letu, ur\u010dili jej\u00ed aerodynamick\u00e9 vlastnosti a vypo\u010d\u00edtali r\u016fzn\u00e9 technick\u00e9 parametry V &#8211; 2. V\u00fdsledkem byla z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va s n\u00e1vrhem vytvo\u0159it na b\u00e1zi V &#8211; 2 dokonalej\u0161\u00ed raketu s doletem kolem 600 km. Byl p\u0159edlo\u017een i program modernizace motoru a dal\u0161\u00ed zdokonalen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Uveden\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce byla dokon\u010dena v listopadu 1944. Vz\u00e1p\u011bt\u00ed bylo vyd\u00e1no stroh\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed dvou vedouc\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f leteck\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu (A. Sachurina a P. D\u011bmentjeva), podle n\u011bho\u017e cel\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost nespad\u00e1 do kompetence lidov\u00e9ho komisari\u00e1tu leteck\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, tak\u017ee se jej\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed uj\u00edm\u00e1 lidov\u00fd komisari\u00e1t zbrojn\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n<p>A tak pracovn\u00ed skupinu rozpustili, ale V. Bolchovitinov, jen\u017e byl \u010dlov\u011bk proz\u00edrav\u00fd, sm\u011bl\u00fd a nev\u0161edn\u00ed, na vlastn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost a riziko povolil V. Mi\u0161inovi, aby se zab\u00fdval teoretick\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami raket. V letadle, kter\u00e9 te\u010f let\u011blo do Berl\u00edna, na\u0161el V. Mi\u0161in spole\u010denstv\u00ed lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se tak \u010di onak zaj\u00edmali o raketovou techniku a pozd\u011bji sov\u011btskou v\u00fdrobu raket proslavili.<\/p>\n<p>Na palub\u011b letadla se setkali budouc\u00ed akademikov\u00e9 N. Piljugin a V. Kuzn\u011bcov, \u010dlen korespondent Akademie v\u011bd SSSR M.Rjazanskij, Boguslavskij, V. Rudnickij, Florenskij, Bakurin, Gorjunov. Tehdy to byli prost\u011b jen technici, kte\u0159\u00ed si na rozkaz obl\u00e9kli vojenskou uniformu&#8230; Je\u0161t\u011b ani neznali v\u0161echny t\u011b\u017ekosti nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1ce ani svou slavnou budoucnost, kdy se mnoz\u00ed stanou hlavn\u00edmi konstrukt\u00e9ry, budou jim ud\u011bleny tituly hrdin\u016f socialistick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce \u010d\u00ed laure\u00e1t\u016f Leninovy ceny. To v\u0161echno je teprve \u010dekalo.<\/p>\n<p><em>Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Akademik V. Mi\u0161in odhaluje str\u00e1nky z d\u011bjin kosmonautiky, kter\u00e9 se je\u0161t\u011b ned\u00e1vno pokl\u00e1daly za tajn\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":364,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[43,50,59],"class_list":["post-2533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-sssr","tag-technika","tag-vesmir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2533","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2533"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2533\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2547,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2533\/revisions\/2547"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2533"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2533"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}