{"id":2364,"date":"2024-03-17T00:09:58","date_gmt":"2024-03-16T23:09:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=2364"},"modified":"2024-04-02T23:43:33","modified_gmt":"2024-04-02T21:43:33","slug":"jak-se-stavely-egyptske-pyramidy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/03\/17\/jak-se-stavely-egyptske-pyramidy\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak se stav\u011bly egyptsk\u00e9 pyramidy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tajemstv\u00ed stavby pyramid bylo jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jsme si dok\u00e1zali p\u0159edstavit<\/strong><\/p>\n

Archeologov\u00e9 na\u0161li za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 sta\u0159\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali k p\u0159emis\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed a zved\u00e1n\u00ed obrovsk\u00fdch v\u00e1penn\u00fdch blok\u016f<\/p>\n

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Obr.1 M\u00e1lokdo v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee sta\u0159\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 stav\u011bli pyramidy bez ciz\u00ed pomoci.<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci z Francouzsk\u00e9ho institutu pro orient\u00e1ln\u00ed archeologii v K\u00e1hi\u0159e a z Liverpoolsk\u00e9 univerzity dosp\u011bli k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee egyptsk\u00e9 pyramidy postavili sami Egyp\u0165an\u00e9, nikoliv n\u011bjac\u00ed mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 nebo z\u00e1stupci vysp\u011blej\u0161\u00ed civilizace. Expedice na\u0161la ruiny rampy, naklon\u011bn\u00e9 roviny z p\u00edsku, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1hala p\u0159i t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n

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Obr.2 Byly objeveny trosky rampy, kter\u00e1 byla vysyp\u00e1na p\u0159ed 4 500 lety.<\/em><\/p>\n

Rampa byla vysyp\u00e1na asi p\u0159ed 4 500 lety. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tehdy Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 stav\u011bli Velkou pyramidu – Cheopsovu pyramidu, jeden ze sedmi div\u016f sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n

Rampa se nach\u00e1zela v Hatnubu, lomu ve V\u00fdchodn\u00ed pou\u0161ti – jednom z m\u00edst, kde se \u0159ezaly v\u00e1penn\u00e9 bloky pro stavbu. Na stavbu jeho pyramidy dohl\u00ed\u017eel s\u00e1m faraon Chufu (2609 p\u0159. n. l. – 2584 p\u0159. n. l.). V lomu byly nalezeny n\u00e1pisy, kter\u00e9 sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee jej n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t nav\u0161t\u00edvil.<\/p>\n

Yannis Gourdon, jeden z vedouc\u00edch archeologick\u00e9 expedice, \u0159ekl serveru LiveScience (1), \u017ee nalezen\u00e1 rampa byla pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 k p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed vytesan\u00fdch blok\u016f. Podle v\u011bdce se p\u0159emis\u0165ovaly na san\u00edch, ta\u017een\u00fdch lany p\u0159ehozen\u00fdmi p\u0159es svisl\u00e9 d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 ty\u010de. Na ramp\u011b se zachovaly otvory, do nich\u017e byly vkl\u00e1d\u00e1ny, a \u017eeb\u0159\u00edky, do jejich\u017e stup\u0148\u016f se „naklada\u010di“ op\u00edrali.<\/p>\n

Podle Gurdona rampa tak\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148ovala tahat t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 n\u00e1klady nahoru a p\u0159es dvacetiprocentn\u00ed svah.<\/p>\n

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Obr.3 \u0160ikm\u00e1 rovina umo\u017e\u0148ovala podle u\u010debnic fyziky nab\u00fdvat na s\u00edle a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ztr\u00e1cet na vzd\u00e1lenosti.<\/em><\/p>\n

Archeologov\u00e9 a \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci z egyptsk\u00e9ho ministerstva pro starov\u011bk, kte\u0159\u00ed se k nim p\u0159ipojili, se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee rampy, jako je ta objeven\u00e1, se pou\u017e\u00edvaly i p\u0159i stavb\u011b pyramid – v\u010detn\u011b Velk\u00e9 pyramidy. Ne\u0161lo tedy o \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed – kamenn\u00e9 bloky se tehdy tahaly po naklon\u011bn\u00fdch rovin\u00e1ch. Byl to ten nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob.<\/p>\n

Z toho plyne z\u00e1v\u011br: pyramidy postavili Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 sami – bez jak\u00e9koli nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9 pomoci.<\/p>\n

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Obr.4 Pomoc\u00ed ramp toho \u010di onoho sklonu Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 vytahovali kv\u00e1dry do v\u00fd\u0161ky.<\/em><\/p>\n

Gurdon uji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 takov\u00e9 zjevn\u00e9 „zvedac\u00ed a dopravn\u00ed syst\u00e9my“ nebyly dosud nalezeny. Ne v\u0161ichni s n\u00edm v\u0161ak souhlas\u00ed. Existuj\u00ed fotografie, kter\u00e9 takov\u00e9 konstrukce ukazuj\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad u pyramidy D\u017eedefra v Ab\u00fa Ro\u0161\u00e1\u0161i.<\/p>\n

Zbytky rampy se z\u0159ejm\u011b nach\u00e1zej\u00ed i u Cheopsovy pyramidy. Ale i tyto, by\u0165 sporn\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed ve prosp\u011bch „jednoduch\u00e9“ hypot\u00e9zy.<\/p>\n

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Obr.5 Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b poz\u016fstatky rampy nebo rampy u D\u017eefrovy pyramidy.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Obr.6 Z\u0159\u00edcenina rampy u Cheopsovy pyramidy.<\/em><\/p>\n

A jak se kamenn\u00e9 bloky dostaly ze vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch lom\u016f na staveni\u0161t\u011b? Toto tajemstv\u00ed odhalil den\u00edk jednoho z „p\u0159ed\u00e1k\u016f“, kte\u0159\u00ed stav\u011bli Velkou Cheopsovu pyramidu. Archeologov\u00e9 ned\u00e1vno objevili samotn\u00fd papyrus s den\u00edkem a d\u016fkazy, kter\u00e9 obsahuje.<\/p>\n

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Obr.6 Den\u00edk p\u0159ed\u00e1ka stavby Cheopsovy pyramidy.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Owen Jarus: This 4,500-Year-Old Ramp Contraption May Have Been Used to Build Egypt’s Great Pyramid. Live Science, 31.10.2018. Online: https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/63978-great-pyramid-ramp-discovered.html<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tajemstv\u00ed stavby pyramid bylo jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jsme si dok\u00e1zali p\u0159edstavit<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":187,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[20,48],"class_list":["post-2364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-afrika","tag-pyramidy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2364","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2364"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2364\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2372,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2364\/revisions\/2372"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/187"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2364"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2364"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}