{"id":2323,"date":"2024-03-20T00:07:49","date_gmt":"2024-03-19T23:07:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=2323"},"modified":"2024-03-26T21:13:41","modified_gmt":"2024-03-26T20:13:41","slug":"spanelska-dela-s-platinou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/03\/20\/spanelska-dela-s-platinou\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 d\u011bla s platinou"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Zcela nevysv\u011btliteln\u00fd je fakt n\u00e1lezu n\u011bkolika \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch d\u011bl, <\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>kter\u00e1 byla odlita v Mexiku v roce 1631 a potom potopena i se svou lod\u00ed mezi Jamajkou a Haiti, kde je v sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech na\u0161eho stolet\u00ed vyzvedli pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di.<\/p>\n<p>Ne\u0161lo o zanedbatelnou p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs, v t\u0159\u00edtunov\u00e9m d\u011ble bylo ve slitin\u011b s m\u011bd\u00ed obsa\u017eeno na t\u0159i a p\u016fl kila platiny. D\u011blo tedy bylo odlito ze zcela unik\u00e1tn\u00edho platinov\u00e9ho bronzu. P\u0159itom prvn\u00ed valounky platiny vyr\u00fd\u017eoval a\u017e \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fd cestovatel <em>don Antonio de Mellus<\/em> v roce 1735, kdy\u017e na \u0159ece <em>Pinto<\/em> v Kolumbii p\u00e1tral po zlatu.<\/p>\n<p>T\u011b\u017ek\u00fd kov mu ze v\u0161eho nejv\u00edce p\u0159ipom\u00ednal st\u0159\u00edbro a tak mu dal jm\u00e9no platina &#8211; st\u0159\u00edb\u0159\u00ed\u010dko (plata = st\u0159\u00edbro).<\/p>\n<p>Kolumbijsk\u00e9 r\u00fd\u017eovi\u0161t\u011b \u010dasem zast\u00ednilo uralsk\u00e9 nalezi\u0161t\u011b, kde nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed valoun v\u00e1\u017eil \u0161estn\u00e1ct kilogram\u016f. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 osmikilov\u00fd platinov\u00fd balvan z t\u00e9\u017ee lokality se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v Diamantov\u00e9m kremelsk\u00e9m pokladu, \u0161estikilov\u00fd valoun vlastn\u00ed v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9 muzeum, rovn\u011b\u017e dar z Ruska.<\/p>\n<p>Ov\u0161em zdaleka nejlep\u0161\u00ed na cel\u00e9m probl\u00e9mu platinov\u00fdch odlitk\u016f a slitin je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee platina taje a\u017e p\u0159i 1773 st. C. Dos\u00e1hnout takov\u00e9 teploty a del\u0161\u00ed dobu ji udr\u017eet nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9, v\u017edy\u0165 jej\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fd objevitel to je\u0161t\u011b nedok\u00e1zal.<\/p>\n<p>Spisovatel <em>MUDr. Ludv\u00edk Sou\u010dek<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed (1) dva zp\u016fsoby taven\u00ed platiny, elektrick\u00fdm obloukem nebo kysl\u00edkovod\u00edkov\u00fdm plamenem. Ob\u011b tyto mo\u017enosti samoz\u0159ejm\u011b daleko p\u0159esahuj\u00ed mo\u017enosti star\u00fdch dobr\u00fdch Ink\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1lez jak\u00fdchkoliv platinov\u00fdch odlitk\u016f z doby p\u0159ed n\u00e1stupem modern\u00ed metalurgie by tedy znamenal p\u011bknou revoluci v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva.<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u00e1zor odborn\u00edka:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bronzy obecn\u011b jsou slitiny s hlavn\u00edm pod\u00edlem m\u011bdi, d\u00e1le c\u00ednu a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch speci\u00e1ln\u00edch komponent\u016f, ale t\u011bch je jenom m\u00e1lo, kolem 1, a a\u017e max. 10 %.<\/p>\n<p>Je tedy ot\u00e1zka, zda zde v\u016fbec mluvit o platinov\u00e9m bronzu, proto\u017ee podle hmotnostn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f z \u010dl\u00e1nku odpov\u00edd\u00e1 obsah platiny v celkov\u00e9 sm\u011bsi zhruba 1 promile (!) &#8211; tj. 3,5 kg ve 3000 kg. Na rozd\u00edl od autora \u010dl\u00e1nku se domn\u00edv\u00e1m, \u017ee tato p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs je (a nikoliv nen\u00ed) zanedbateln\u00e1!<\/p>\n<p>Podle \u00fadaj\u016f z literatury lze sp\u00ed\u0161 usuzovat na to, \u017ee prost\u011b od za\u010d\u00e1tku byla platina jak\u00e1si ,,ne\u010distota\u201c &#8211; p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs v m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 rud\u011b. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se toti\u017e, \u017ee platina se v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b \u010dasto vyskytuje spole\u010dn\u011b s m\u011bd\u00ed nebo i n\u011bkter\u00fdmi jin\u00fdmi kovy.<\/p>\n<p>Ano, samotn\u00e1 platina m\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00fd bod t\u00e1n\u00ed, uv\u00e1d\u00ed se r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fadaje &#8211; p\u0159es 1770\u00b0C. Ale pozor! Existuj\u00ed dv\u011b slitiny nebo sp\u00ed\u0161 slou\u010deniny kovov\u00e9 m\u011bdi a platiny, jejich\u017e bod t\u00e1n\u00ed je 800 nebo dokonce 500\u00b0C! Asi by se to prakticky realizovalo tak, \u017ee do roztaven\u00e9 m\u011bdi (co\u017e zvl\u00e1daly u\u017e starov\u011bk\u00e9 n\u00e1rody) by se p\u0159isyp\u00e1vala rozdrcen\u00e1 platina na pr\u00e1\u0161ek nebo drobn\u00e9 kousky, a ty by se v tekut\u00e9 m\u011bdi prost\u011b rozpou\u0161t\u011bly jako cukr ve vod\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee senzace se op\u011bt nekon\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>(1) Sou\u010dek, L.: Tu\u0161en\u00ed st\u00ednu. \u010cs. spisovatel, Praha 1974, s. 26<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Podle:<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Lenkov\u00e1, Jitka: Ztracen\u00e1 kol\u00e9bka lidstva. Bohemia, Praha 1998<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zcela nevysv\u011btliteln\u00fd je fakt n\u00e1lezu n\u011bkolika \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch d\u011bl,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":422,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[24,50],"class_list":["post-2323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-evropa","tag-technika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2323","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2323"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2323\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2324,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2323\/revisions\/2324"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/422"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}