{"id":2157,"date":"2024-04-15T00:05:22","date_gmt":"2024-04-14T22:05:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=2157"},"modified":"2024-03-26T19:43:38","modified_gmt":"2024-03-26T18:43:38","slug":"kresby-na-povrchu-zeme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/04\/15\/kresby-na-povrchu-zeme\/","title":{"rendered":"Kresby na povrchu zem\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

Z neobjasn\u011bn\u00fdch z\u00e1had prad\u00e1vn\u00e9 kultury je jedna mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b z\u00e1hadn\u00e1:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– lid\u00e9, kter\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e1 ani nenapadla my\u0161lenka, \u017ee by se dalo l\u00e9tat, vytvo\u0159ili na povrchu Zem\u011b kresby tak gigantick\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f, je\u017e nelze ze zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu prohl\u00e9dnout cel\u00e9, a n\u011bkdy ani v\u016fbec zpozorovat.<\/p>\n

Takov\u00e9 povrchov\u00e9 kresby se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v Evrop\u011b i v Americe. V ji\u017en\u00edm Peru na pou\u0161tn\u00edch n\u00e1horn\u00edch planin\u00e1ch lze pouze z v\u00fd\u0161ky zpozorovat mnoh\u00e9 kresby: labyrint troj\u00faheln\u00edk\u016f, \u010dty\u0159\u00faheln\u00edk\u016f, lichob\u011b\u017en\u00edk\u016f. Rovn\u00e9 i k\u0159ivolak\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry se propl\u00e9taj\u00ed s nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi figur\u00e1ln\u00edmi motivy, rybami, pt\u00e1ky, plazy, opicemi i lidsk\u00fdmi tv\u00e1\u0159emi.<\/p>\n

Technika prad\u00e1vn\u00fdch \u201eum\u011blc\u016f“ byla velmi jednoduch\u00e1: po odstran\u011bn\u00ed tmav\u0161\u00edch vrchn\u00edch kamen\u016f se objevil bled\u0161\u00ed podlo\u017e\u00ed. Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed jsou rozm\u011bry takto vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch obraz\u016f, nap\u0159. d\u00e9lka zob\u00e1ku jednoho pt\u00e1ka je t\u0159i sta metr\u016f, n\u011bkter\u00e9 troj\u00faheln\u00edky jsou dlouh\u00e9 n\u011bkolik kilometr\u016f. Nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je hypot\u00e9za, \u017ee tato soustava \u010dar m\u011bla astronomick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Jist\u00e9 je, \u017ee jsou to zbytky kultury Nazca,<\/strong><\/em> vzkv\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed od roku 300 p\u0159ed n. l. do roku 900 na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu.<\/p>\n

Na \u00fazem\u00ed doln\u00edho toku Colorada, v Kalifornii a Arizon\u011b, se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed dva a p\u016fl tis\u00edce let star\u00e9 povrchov\u00e9 kresby, kter\u00e9 se v mnoh\u00e9m podobaj\u00ed kresb\u00e1m v ji\u017en\u00edm Peru, ale jsou to v\u011bt\u0161inou reli\u00e9fy, jejich\u017e obrysy jsou z kamene a \u0161t\u011brku. U kalifornsk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Blythe<\/strong><\/em> se nach\u00e1z\u00ed n\u011bkolik skupin. Ve st\u0159edu jedn\u00e9 skupiny je obrovsk\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 postava, \u010dty\u0159noh\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e a obrazec ze zato\u010den\u00fdch \u010dar. Obr p\u016fvodn\u011b zobrazoval asi \u017eenu. Vzd\u00e1lenost od hlavy po paty je dvacet osm metr\u016f, rozp\u011bt\u00ed rozta\u017een\u00fdch rukou p\u0159esahuje dvacet jeden metr. (obr. 1-3)<\/p>\n

Ve st\u0159edu dal\u0161\u00ed skupiny je tak\u00e9 obrovsk\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 postava a \u010dty\u0159noh\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e. Jejich rozm\u011bry jsou je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, obr je t\u00e9\u017e \u017eena o velikosti 51 metr\u016f, k\u016f\u0148 m\u00e1 d\u00e9lku \u0161estn\u00e1ct metr\u016f.<\/p>\n

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I u arizonsk\u00e9ho Sacatanu<\/em> se nach\u00e1z\u00ed postava obra na kamenn\u00e9m povrchu – rozm\u011br je 45 metr\u016f. Trup je rovn\u00e1 br\u00e1zda, p\u016fl metra \u0161irok\u00e1, \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka br\u00e1zdy ne\u00fam\u011brn\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch rukou a no-hou je dvacet centimetr\u016f. Konce \u010dast\u00ed t\u011bla a d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed body zv\u00fdraz\u0148uj\u00ed hrom\u00e1dky kamen\u016f. Vedle je postava men\u0161\u00edho vzr\u016fstu – pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b d\u00edt\u011bte.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00e9 kresby jako v Coloradu je mo\u017en\u00e9 ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtu naj\u00edt i v severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti americk\u00e9 pevniny – v Kanad\u011b. Tyto kamenn\u00e9 a \u0161t\u011brkov\u00e9 kresby ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 \u201eboulder mosaics“<\/em> zobrazuj\u00ed hady, bizony a lidi. Nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v manitobsk\u00e9 Whiteshelle,<\/em><\/strong> v n\u00e1rodn\u00edm parku, dv\u011b st\u011b kilometr\u016f od Winnipegu.<\/em> Jsou to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b d\u00edla Indi\u00e1n\u016f \u010cippeva,<\/em> doba jejich vzniku je v\u0161ak nejist\u00e1. (obr.4-5)<\/p>\n

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K\u0159\u00eddovou p\u016fdu jihoanglick\u00e9ho kopcovit\u00e9ho venkova pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 odprad\u00e1vna tr\u00e1va. Zde mist\u0159i povrchov\u00fdch kreseb vytv\u00e1\u0159eli svoje d\u00edla vy\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm travn\u00edch drn\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e do zelen\u00e9 krajiny vykouzlili b\u00edl\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry a skvrny.<\/p>\n

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Od 18. stolet\u00ed vznikl tucet takov\u00fdch travnat\u00fdch d\u011bl, bu\u010f jako d\u00edk\u016fvzd\u00e1n\u00ed kr\u00e1li, nebo jako v\u00fdtvor nud\u00edc\u00ed se str\u00e1\u017ee \u010di student\u016f. Ale tento n\u00e1pad nebyl p\u016fvodn\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b na \u00fasvit\u011b anglick\u00e9 historie vznikly t\u0159i pam\u00e1tky: uffingtonsk\u00fd b\u00edl\u00fd k\u016f\u0148 a dva ob\u0159i.<\/em><\/p>\n

Na jednom svahu na okraji Berkshirsk\u00e9 pahorkatiny lze vid\u011bt b\u00edl\u00e9ho kon\u011b, kter\u00fd u\u017e ve 14. stolet\u00ed pat\u0159il mezi pam\u011btihodnosti zem\u011b. Ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9 rozprav\u011b o kr\u00e1s\u00e1ch Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie se vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 na druh\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b po Stonehenge chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd skvost Uffington.<\/strong><\/em> Sto deset metr\u016f dlouh\u00fd obraz zv\u00ed\u0159ete vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 vy\u0159ez\u00e1n\u00edm tr\u00e1vy se nach\u00e1z\u00ed vedle hradeb z doby \u017eelezn\u00e9. Toto spole\u010dn\u011b se zobrazen\u00edm na keltsk\u00fdch minc\u00edch z doby \u017eelezn\u00e9 sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed uffingtonsk\u00e9ho kon\u011b je kolem dvou tis\u00edc let. Mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 je i obrovsk\u00e1 mu\u017esk\u00e1 postava p\u0159i dorsetsk\u00e9 vesnici Abbas,<\/strong><\/em> vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 stejnou technikou.<\/p>\n

\"\"Povrchov\u00e9 kresby vznikl\u00e9 v d\u00e1vn\u00fdch \u010dasech maj\u00ed nepopirateln\u00e9 kultov\u00e9 posl\u00e1n\u00ed. Jejich zhotoven\u00ed ur\u010dit\u011b vy\u017eadovalo spolupr\u00e1ci velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed lid\u00ed a \u00fa\u010dast na t\u011bchto prac\u00edch m\u011bla pro n\u011b kultovn\u00ed v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z neobjasn\u011bn\u00fdch z\u00e1had prad\u00e1vn\u00e9 kultury je jedna mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b z\u00e1hadn\u00e1:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":450,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[41],"class_list":["post-2157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-archeologie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2157","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2157"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2157\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2319,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2157\/revisions\/2319"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2157"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}