{"id":2131,"date":"2024-02-29T00:57:17","date_gmt":"2024-02-28T23:57:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=2131"},"modified":"2024-03-25T18:39:10","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T17:39:10","slug":"podzemni-chramy-na-malte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/02\/29\/podzemni-chramy-na-malte\/","title":{"rendered":"Podzemn\u00ed chr\u00e1my na Malt\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kultura budovatel\u016f megalitick\u00fdch chr\u00e1m\u016f maltsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f (Malta a Gozo) se rozv\u00edjela zhruba v letech 5200 \u2013 2500 p\u0159. n.l.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uzav\u0159en\u00fd, mo\u0159em podstat\u011b od sv\u011bta od\u0159\u00edznut\u00fd, m\u00e1lopo\u010detn\u00fd lid, postavil obrovsk\u00e9 chr\u00e1my z velk\u00fdch kamenn\u00fdch blok\u016f. Chr\u00e1my maj\u00ed p\u016fdorysn\u00fd tvar \u201el\u00edstk\u016f na v\u011btvi\u201c a nad jejich \u00fa\u010delem se st\u00e1le vedou spory. Oslavoval se v nich kult plodnosti, nebo se zde konala ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed por\u00e1\u017eka zv\u00ed\u0159at? P\u0159ekvapuj\u00ed v\u0161ak data v\u00fdstavby \u2013 chr\u00e1my jsou star\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e egyptsk\u00e9 pyramidy.<\/p>\n

Ov\u0161em existuje zde i naprosto v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd druh takov\u00fdch chr\u00e1m\u016f \u2013 ty podzemn\u00ed. Jejich \u00fa\u010del je u\u017e \u00fapln\u011b nepochopiteln\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Hypogeum \u2013 Hal Saflienni <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 je naprosto v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd podzemn\u00ed prostor na p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed Pauli,<\/em> na severu Malty. Doba jeho vzniku spad\u00e1 do st\u0159edn\u00edho obdob\u00ed vzniku chr\u00e1m\u016f \u2013 3600 l. p\u0159. n.l. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk si v\u0161imne z\u00e1hadn\u00e9ho zp\u016fsobu zdej\u0161\u00ed podzemn\u00ed architektury \u2013 v\u0161echny prvky podzemn\u00edch kobek kop\u00edruj\u00ed \u010di imituj\u00ed nadzemn\u00ed elementy \u2013 kamenn\u00e9 bloky, p\u0159eklady jsou stejn\u00e9 jako nad zem\u00ed, ale v\u0161echny jsou jen vytesan\u00e9 a nazna\u010den\u00e9 ve sk\u00e1le.<\/p>\n

\"\"Chr\u00e1m byl pr\u00fd kultovn\u00edm m\u00edstem, a to jak pro \u017eiv\u00e9, tak i poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011bm. V podzemn\u00edch prostor\u00e1ch se na\u0161ly kostern\u00ed poz\u016fstatky 7000 lid\u00ed, z toho ov\u0161em byl pr\u00fd jen jedin\u00fd mu\u017e. (!)<\/p>\n

Charakteristick\u00fdm n\u00e1lezem z Hypogea jsou so\u0161ky neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b tlust\u00fdch \u201eVenu\u0161\u00ed\u201c, i tzv. \u201eSp\u00edc\u00ed pan\u00ed\u201c, stejn\u011b tlust\u00e9. V\u011bt\u0161ina takov\u00fdch so\u0161ek je bez hlavy, kter\u00e9 byly z\u0159ejm\u011b vym\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1ny podle pot\u0159eby p\u0159i uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9 kter\u00e9 bohyn\u011b. Naproti tomu mu\u017esk\u00fdch so\u0161ek je velmi m\u00e1lo a sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o velmi skromn\u00e9 strav\u011b mu\u017e\u016f, mo\u017en\u00e1 a\u017e podv\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b. I tak m\u016f\u017ee vypadat matriarch\u00e1t\u2026<\/p>\n

\"\"Komplex von Brocktorffa<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na ostrov\u011b Gozo,<\/em> u m\u011bsta Xaghra<\/em> byl v roce 1924 objeven podzemn\u00ed chr\u00e1m, kter\u00fd mal\u00ed\u0159 Charles Frederik von Brocktorff<\/em> zachytil na dvou akvarelech. Na znovuobjeven\u00ed chr\u00e1mu se v\u0161ak muselo po\u010dkat a\u017e do 60. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Jeho vznik se datuje do obdob\u00ed 4100 \u2013 3800 p\u0159.n.l. Cel\u00fd okruh chr\u00e1mu o pr\u016fm\u011bru 150 metr\u016f je ohrani\u010den st\u011bnou ze stoj\u00edc\u00edch kamenn\u00fdch blok\u016f o velikosti 2 x 1 m.\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kultura budovatel\u016f megalitick\u00fdch chr\u00e1m\u016f maltsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f (Malta a Gozo) se rozv\u00edjela zhruba v letech 5200 \u2013 2500 p\u0159. n.l.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":415,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,17,19],"tags":[24,83],"class_list":["post-2131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-veda","category-zahady","tag-evropa","tag-megality"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2131"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2307,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2131\/revisions\/2307"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}