{"id":2118,"date":"2024-03-01T00:35:18","date_gmt":"2024-02-29T23:35:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=2118"},"modified":"2024-03-04T02:46:56","modified_gmt":"2024-03-04T01:46:56","slug":"mimozemstane-neprijdou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/03\/01\/mimozemstane-neprijdou\/","title":{"rendered":"Mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 nep\u0159ijdou\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 k n\u00e1m nedoraz\u00ed nejen proto, \u017ee nejsou. Nikdy nebyli ani nebudou\u2026<\/strong>
\nTi, kdo v\u011b\u0159\u00ed v mimozem\u0161\u0165any, nejsou bl\u00e1zni. Podle v\u0161ech v\u011bdeck\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f vych\u00e1z\u00ed, \u017ee mimozemsk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt tis\u00edce.<\/p>\n

Ale nev\u011b\u0159it na n\u011b je tak\u00e9 rozumn\u00e9. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, z jednoho d\u016fvodu: proto\u017ee je tu slavn\u00fd Fermiho paradox.<\/em><\/p>\n

Enrico Fermi<\/em> byl americk\u00fd fyzik italsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu a nositel Nobelovy ceny. (1) Kdysi d\u00e1vno – v roce 1950 \u2013 ve\u010de\u0159el s kolegy fyziky. A poslouchal, jak argumentovali t\u00edm, \u017ee inteligentn\u00ed civilizace ve vesm\u00edru nejsou neobvykl\u00e9.<\/p>\n

„No, a kde tedy jsou?“<\/em> – zeptal se Fermi. Fyzikov\u00e9 dosud nena\u0161li na tuto ot\u00e1zku odpov\u011b\u010f.<\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1nliv\u00fd rozpor – obrovsk\u00fd vesm\u00edr a nedostatek kontaktu s jeho obyvateli – byl naz\u00fdv\u00e1n Fermiho paradox.<\/em> (2)<\/p>\n

Po \u010dtvrt stolet\u00ed s dopln\u011bn\u00edm p\u0159i\u0161el Angli\u010dan Michael Hart.<\/em> (3)<\/p>\n

Vyj\u00e1d\u0159il se v tom smyslu, \u017ee pokud mimozemsk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed je ve skute\u010dnosti hodn\u011b, museli by se k n\u00e1m dostat u\u017e p\u0159ed miliony let. Tedy alespo\u0148 n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich.<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee dodnes k n\u00e1m nikdo z jin\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f nedorazil. Alespo\u0148 o tom nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 fakta. Ani spojen\u00ed nevych\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Paradox Fermiho s\u00edl\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fermiho paradox<\/em> vznikl v dob\u011b, kdy v\u011bdci m\u011bli je\u0161t\u011b velmi mlhavou p\u0159edstavu o po\u010dtu obyvateln\u00fdch planet. Sp\u00ed\u0161e, v\u016fbec je\u0161t\u011b \u017e\u00e1dnou nem\u011bli.<\/p>\n

I tak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u016f mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v obrovsk\u00e9m vesm\u00edru mnoho.<\/p>\n

Ale nyn\u00ed, d\u00edky v\u00fdzkumu, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9m kosmick\u00fdmi dalekohledy, se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee existence „\u017eivotaschopn\u00fdch“ planet nen\u00ed v\u00fdjimka, je to sp\u00ed\u0161e pravidlo.<\/p>\n

Jen v na\u0161\u00ed Galaxii \u2013 kde je asi 250 miliard hv\u011bzd \u2013 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt na v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 milionech planet \u017eivot, ale mohou na nich b\u00fdt i rozvinut\u00e9 civilizace.<\/p>\n

To by znamenalo, \u017ee by Zemi mohli nav\u0161t\u00edvit des\u00edtky tis\u00edc jejich z\u00e1stupc\u016f.<\/p>\n

Brit\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci Stuart Armstrong<\/em> a Anders Sandberg<\/em> z Oxfordsk\u00e9 univerzity<\/em> p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 by m\u011bli b\u00fdt p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b star\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e my.<\/p>\n

Koneckonc\u016f i Zem\u011b je pozdn\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b Vesm\u00edru. V\u011bt\u0161ina Zemi podobn\u00fdch planet jsou o 1 a\u017e 2 miliardy let star\u0161\u00ed. V d\u016fsledku toho by jejich civilizace m\u011bly b\u00fdt daleko p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi.<\/p>\n

Armstrong<\/em> a Sandberg<\/em> ned\u00e1vno publikovali rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, kter\u00fd u\u010dinil Fermiho paradox<\/em> je\u0161t\u011b paradoxn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. (4)<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee krom\u011b pozemsk\u00e9 civilizace v na\u0161\u00ed Galaxii je pouze jedna „star\u0161\u00ed“ civilizace.<\/p>\n

Ale i v takov\u00e9m – zat\u00edm krajn\u00edm \u2013 p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, by jeho poslov\u00e9 za 500 mili\u00f3n\u016f let nav\u0161t\u00edvili celou Ml\u00e9\u010dnou dr\u00e1hu. Na\u0161li by n\u00e1s a my je.<\/p>\n

To je nejv\u00edce konzervativn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159, za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee se mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 pohybuj\u00ed na pomalu se pohybuj\u00edc\u00edch kor\u00e1bech.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci tvrd\u00ed: mezihv\u011bzdn\u00e9 cestov\u00e1n\u00ed vysoce rozvinut\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed nen\u00ed nic mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho. T\u0159eba na mal\u00fdch planet\u00e1ch, podobn\u00fdch Merkuru a cestuj\u00edc\u00edch vesm\u00edrem za pomoc\u00ed elektromagnetick\u00fdch motor\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

A co jin\u00e9 galaxie?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A co kdy\u017e existuje \u017eivot v bl\u00edzk\u00fdch galaxi\u00edch? I to je docela logick\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v legend\u00e1rn\u00ed galaxii v Andromed\u011b.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci ur\u010dili p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00fd po\u010det n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f z jin\u00fdch galaxi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by mohly kolonizovat na\u0161i vlastn\u00ed Galaxii \u2013 Ml\u00e9\u010dnou dr\u00e1hu.<\/p>\n

Pokud by za\u010dali p\u0159ed 1 miliardou let, a pohybovali by se polovinou rychlost\u00ed sv\u011btla, pak by Zemi nav\u0161t\u00edvilo ji\u017e 263 tis\u00edc z\u00e1stupc\u016f jin\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Za 2 miliardy let by n\u00e1s nav\u0161t\u00edvilo 2.570.000 mimogalaktick\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed\u2026<\/p>\n

Mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u016f, cestuj\u00edc\u00edch rychlost\u00ed bl\u00edzkou rychlosti sv\u011btla, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt obecn\u011b nespo\u010det. Musel by tu b\u00fdt v podstat\u011b n\u00e1val\u2026<\/p>\n

Ale z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu tu nen\u00ed\u2026<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br je jasn\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

Armstrong<\/em> a Sandberg<\/em> p\u0159evr\u00e1tili Fermiho paradox<\/em> do absurdity. Fermi<\/em> ve skute\u010dnosti uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee jsme ve vesm\u00edru \u00fapln\u011b sami\u2026<\/p>\n

Mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 nebyli a nikdy nebudou.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d k n\u00e1m nikdo nep\u0159ijde? Jsme nejinteligentn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

To, \u017ee jsme s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed jedin\u00ed sv\u00e9ho druhu ve vesm\u00edru, ned\u00e1vno dolo\u017eil tak\u00e9 astronom Dimitar Sasselov<\/em>, profesor Harvardsk\u00e9 univerzity<\/em>, jeden z vedouc\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho programu dalekohledu Kepler.<\/em> (5)<\/p>\n

Podle p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00fdch odhad\u016f, jak v\u011bdec vysv\u011btluje, 1 miliardu let trvalo hv\u011bzd\u00e1m, ne\u017e vznikly v po\u010d\u00e1tku vesm\u00edru, na to, aby z prim\u00e1rn\u00edho vod\u00edku a helia „vyprodukovaly“ dostatek materi\u00e1lu pro vznik planet – kysl\u00edk, \u017eelezo, k\u0159em\u00edk, uhl\u00edk a dal\u0161\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 prvky.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b kolem 9 miliard let muselo prob\u011bhnout na to, aby vznikly a vytvo\u0159ily se podm\u00ednky vhodn\u00e9 pro \u017eivot.
\nZem\u011b, jej\u00ed\u017e st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed je asi 4,5 miliardy let dob\u0159e sed\u00ed v uveden\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m r\u00e1mci.<\/p>\n

Ukazuje se, \u017ee nikoho nepustila vp\u0159ed ve sv\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji. Ale ani nikoho nep\u0159edb\u011bhla.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00fdmi slovy, je vysok\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee na\u0161e planeta je prvn\u00ed, na n\u00ed\u017e za\u010dal \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

A my jsme prvn\u00ed inteligentn\u00ed bytosti ve vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n

A pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i posledn\u00ed …<\/p>\n

Snadn\u00e1 v\u011bc<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u017divot na na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b nakonec zanikne asi za 2,8 miliardy let.<\/p>\n

Posledn\u00ed pozem\u0161\u0165any zni\u010d\u00ed um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed Slunce, kter\u00e9 se zm\u011bn\u00ed ze \u017elut\u00e9ho trpasl\u00edka (jak\u00fdm je dnes), na \u010derven\u00e9ho obra – naroste tak, \u017ee pohlt\u00ed Zemi.<\/p>\n

Ale asi je\u0161t\u011b miliardu let p\u0159ed t\u00edm bude Zem\u011b st\u00e1le ob\u00fdv\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

Kdo p\u0159e\u017eije na Zemi v dalek\u00e9 – t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9 – budoucnosti?<\/p>\n

Budou to na\u0161i mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b inteligentn\u00ed a kr\u00e1sn\u00ed potomci, kte\u0159\u00ed dobyj\u00ed vesm\u00edr a \u010das?<\/p>\n

Nebo to budou odporn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u0161ery?<\/p>\n

Ani jedno, ani druh\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Brit\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci z\u00edskali pom\u011brn\u011b ponur\u00fd obraz budouc\u00edch obyvatel Zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

Budou to bakterie – jednobun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 organismy, plovouc\u00ed v jez\u00edrku s teplou slanou vodou nebo v jeskynn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch – to budou posledn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 Zem\u011b \u2013 jak zjistili Jack O’Malley-James<\/em> a jeho kolegov\u00e9 z University St. Andrews.<\/em> (6)<\/p>\n

Tyto v\u00fdsledky jim dal matematick\u00fd model, kter\u00fd v\u011bdci vyvinuli na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f o tom, jak bude Slunce zah\u0159\u00edvat Zemi v\u00edce a v\u00edce.<\/p>\n

Britov\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee takov\u00fd ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fd osud \u010dek\u00e1 \u017eivot na ka\u017ed\u00e9 obyvateln\u00e9 planet\u011b ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed kolem hv\u011bzdy podobn\u00e9 na\u0161emu Slunci – oce\u00e1ny se vypa\u0159\u00ed, savci, ryby, hmyz a jin\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata zmiz\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u016fstanou jednoduch\u00e9 organismy, kter\u00e9 nakonec zmiz\u00ed tak\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pou\u017eili sv\u016fj model na r\u016fzn\u00e9 planety podobn\u00e9 Zemi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

A uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee i kdy\u017e na nich vznikl \u017eivot, tak obvykle pot\u0159eboval v\u00fdvoj od primitivn\u00ed existence asi 3 miliardy let.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1le se vyv\u00edjel do komplikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch forem a\u017e k inteligentn\u00edmu \u017eivotu.<\/p>\n

Ale pak – po relativn\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dob\u011b \u2013 se op\u011bt zjednodu\u0161\u00ed. A prohraje.<\/p>\n

Takov\u00fd je \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus: od jednoduch\u00e9ho ke slo\u017eit\u00e9mu a zp\u011bt.<\/p>\n

Z v\u00fdzkumu britsk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 – pravd\u011bpodobnost v\u00fdskytu mimozemsk\u00e9 civilizace je velmi n\u00edzk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Doba existence \u017eivota na n\u011bjak\u00e9 planet\u011b je ne\u00fam\u011brn\u011b mal\u00e1 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s v\u011bkem samotn\u00e9 planety. Sp\u00ed\u0161e nalezneme jen bakterie.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu to budou statisticky nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9, se kter\u00fdmi se setk\u00e1me\u2026<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enrico_Fermi<\/a><\/em>
\n(2) http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fermiho_paradox<\/a> <\/em>
\n(3) http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_H._Hart<\/a><\/em>
\n(4) http:\/\/commonsenseatheism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Armstrong-Sandberg-Eternity-in-six-hours-intergalactic-spreading-of-intelligent-life-and-sharpening-the-Fermi-paradox.pdf<\/a> <\/em>
\n(5) http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dimitar_Sasselov<\/a><\/em>
\n(6) http:\/\/www-star.st-and.ac.uk\/~jto5\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 k n\u00e1m nedoraz\u00ed nejen proto, \u017ee nejsou. Nikdy nebyli ani nebudou\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":564,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,19],"tags":[58,59],"class_list":["post-2118","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veda","category-zahady","tag-mimozemstane","tag-vesmir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2118","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2118"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2118\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2119,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2118\/revisions\/2119"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/564"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2118"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2118"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2118"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}