{"id":2010,"date":"2024-01-13T00:29:06","date_gmt":"2024-01-12T23:29:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=2010"},"modified":"2024-02-23T03:12:04","modified_gmt":"2024-02-23T02:12:04","slug":"martane-se-prestehovali-na-phobos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2024\/01\/13\/martane-se-prestehovali-na-phobos\/","title":{"rendered":"Mar\u0165an\u00e9 se p\u0159est\u011bhovali na Phobos?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nejsou-li na Marsu Mar\u0165ani, tak mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee jsou n\u011bkde pobl\u00ed\u017e?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Specialist\u00e9 z NASA a Purdue University (USA) (1) se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee na Phobosu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u017eivot, zanesen\u00fd sem meteority z Marsu.<\/p>\n

Podle d\u0159\u00edve z\u00edskan\u00fdch dat, p\u016fdn\u00ed vzorky Phobosu budou obsahovat v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed materi\u00e1lu z Rud\u00e9 planety.<\/p>\n

„Vzorek z Phobosu, kter\u00fd je mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed z\u00edskat, ne\u017e vzorek z Marsu, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jist\u011b bude obsahovat materi\u00e1l z Marsu. Ten se dostal do kosmu v d\u016fsledku kolize Marsu s velk\u00fdm asteroidem,\u201c domn\u00edv\u00e1 se jeden z autor\u016f studie, geofyzik Jay Melosh. (2)<\/p>\n

\u201ePokud je \u017eivot na Marsu (nebo tam byl v posledn\u00edch 10 milionech let), m\u016f\u017ee mise k Fobosu p\u0159in\u00e9st prvn\u00ed d\u016fkaz \u017eivota mimo Zemi.“<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, nen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b \u010das na vypuknut\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 euforie o nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch kontaktech s mimozem\u0161\u0165any, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje Melosh.<\/p>\n

Je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee bude mo\u017en\u00e9 zjistit ve vzorc\u00edch z mar\u0165ansk\u00e9ho satelitu slo\u017eit\u00e9 organismy.<\/p>\n

„Mluv\u00edme o drobn\u00fdch zelen\u00fdch bakteri\u00edch, ne o mal\u00fdch zelen\u00fdch mu\u017e\u00ed\u010dc\u00edch,“ \u0159ekl v\u011bdec.<\/p>\n

I na Zemi jsou meteority z Marsu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipome\u0148me p\u0159\u00edpad meteoritu ALH84001 (3), ve kter\u00e9m se poda\u0159ilo naj\u00edt stopy n\u011b\u010deho, co se podobalo mikroorganism\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Ale na Phobosu, kter\u00fd je mnohem bl\u00ed\u017ee k Marsu ne\u017e Zem\u011b, by m\u011blo b\u00fdt materi\u00e1lu z Marsu mnohem v\u00edce!<\/p>\n

Jay Melosh a jeho kolegov\u00e9 do\u0161li k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee 200 gramov\u00fd vzorek, z\u00edskan\u00fd z povrchu Phobosu, m\u016f\u017ee obsahovat v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 0,1 miligram\u016f l\u00e1tky z Marsu, kter\u00fd opustil svoji domovskou planetu p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 miliony let, a d\u00e1le asi 50 mili\u00f3n\u016f jednotliv\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic mar\u0165ansk\u00e9 p\u016fdy.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee pokud \u017eiv\u00e9 organismy nebo jejich zbytky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0161ly z Marsu, z\u016fstanou na povrchu m\u011bs\u00edce Phobos p\u0159es 10 milion\u016f let, pak jak\u00fdkoli biologicky aktivn\u00ed materi\u00e1l bude pod vlivem radioaktivn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zni\u010den.<\/p>\n

D\u0159\u00edve se myslelo, \u017ee meteority z povrchu Marsu smetly ve\u0161ker\u00fd \u017eivot, pokud tam byl. Ale Jay Melosh prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee horn\u00ed vrstva povrchu planety nemusela b\u00fdt tak ovlivn\u011bna, aby v se n\u00ed neudr\u017eel \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee za posledn\u00edch 10 milion\u016f let na Mars dopadly nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u010dty\u0159i velk\u00e9 asteroidy.<\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vno byl na Marsu objeven kr\u00e1ter Mojave, vznikl\u00fd po dopadu masivn\u00edho asteroidu p\u0159ed asi p\u011bti miliony lety.<\/p>\n

To op\u011bt ukazuje na mo\u017enost, \u017ee by na Phobosu bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 nal\u00e9zt „\u010derstv\u00fd“ materi\u00e1l z Marsu.<\/p>\n

NASA p\u0159isl\u00edbilo, \u017ee p\u0159i v\u0161ech mis\u00edch na Phobos budou p\u0159ijata opat\u0159en\u00ed k zamezen\u00ed kontaminace planetky ne\u010distotami a bakt\u00e9riemi ze Zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

Laborato\u0159e, ve kter\u00fdch se bude pracovat se vzorky z Phobosu, budou muset tak\u00e9 p\u0159ijmout odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, aby vzorky ochr\u00e1nila p\u0159ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/p>\n

Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f bakterie z Phobosu budou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b anaerobn\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nemohou \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b \u017e\u00edt v kysl\u00edkov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Proto pro n\u011b nejsou pozemsk\u00e9 podm\u00ednky p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

O tom mohou sv\u011bd\u010dit stopy metanu, kter\u00e9 se v podob\u011b skvrn rozpt\u00fdlily po cel\u00e9m povrchu Marsu.<\/p>\n

Odborn\u00edci p\u0159edlo\u017eili verzi, podle kter\u00e9 vypou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed metan anaerobn\u00ed bakterie, proto\u017ee to sam\u00e9 se d\u011bje na Zemi, kter\u00e9 tak\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed tyto mikroorganismy.<\/p>\n

Bohu\u017eel, \u0159ada projekt\u016f Mars Exploration Program („Programy v\u00fdzkum\u016f Marsu“) byla revidov\u00e1na NASA kv\u016fli finan\u010dn\u00edm omezen\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Zejm\u00e9na se zd\u00e1, \u017ee mise p\u0159\u00edstroje na Mars, kter\u00fd provede m\u011bkk\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed a odb\u011br vzork\u016f p\u016fdy, a pak se vr\u00e1t\u00ed, bude daleko dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e podobn\u00e1 mise p\u0159\u00edstroje na m\u011bs\u00edc Phobos.<\/p>\n

Podstata je toti\u017e v tom, \u017ee gravitace Marsu je 0,378 g, zat\u00edmco na Phobosu jen 0,008 g.<\/p>\n

Proto automatick\u00e9 stanice sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k Marsu by musela b\u00fdt vybavena v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm a propracovan\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem tepeln\u00e9 ochrany, brzd\u00edc\u00edm pad\u00e1kem i motorem s palivem na zp\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed cestu.<\/p>\n

Ale na cestu k Phobosu, kde neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra, to nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba. Proto je i tato varianta i finan\u010dn\u011b mnohem vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1m\u011bna priorit takov\u00fdch mis\u00ed byla ned\u00e1vno p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1na na semin\u00e1\u0159i „Koncepce a p\u0159\u00edstupy k v\u00fdzkumu Marsu“ a p\u0159ijata jeho \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 z katastrofick\u00e9ho sci-fi filmu „Kmen Andromeda“, podle nich\u017e mimozemsk\u00e9 bakterie mohou infikovat obyvatele Zem\u011b, \u0161\u00e9f v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu, Jay Melosh jej posuzuje sp\u00ed\u0161e skepticky.<\/p>\n

„Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok na Zemi padaj\u00ed tuny materi\u00e1lu z Marsu,\u201c p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1. \u201ePo Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b putuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed hmoty, ne\u017e ji lid\u00e9 poznaj\u00ed. M\u016f\u017eeme po\u017eadovat, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo zanesen\u00ed pozemsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota na Mars.“<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) http:\/\/www.purdue.edu\/<\/a> <\/em>
\n(2) http:\/\/www.eas.purdue.edu\/people\/faculty-pages\/melosh.html<\/a> <\/em>
\n(3) http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ALH_84001<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nejsou-li na Marsu Mar\u0165ani, tak mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee jsou n\u011bkde pobl\u00ed\u017e?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":470,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[65],"class_list":["post-2010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zahady","tag-mars"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2010","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2010"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2010\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2015,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2010\/revisions\/2015"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/470"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2010"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2010"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2010"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}