{"id":191,"date":"2023-03-22T00:51:36","date_gmt":"2023-03-21T23:51:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=191"},"modified":"2023-03-22T22:35:32","modified_gmt":"2023-03-22T21:35:32","slug":"kolik-stal-chlast-na-divokem-zapade","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2023\/03\/22\/kolik-stal-chlast-na-divokem-zapade\/","title":{"rendered":"Kolik st\u00e1l chlast na Divok\u00e9m z\u00e1pad\u011b?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nezaj\u00edmalo v\u00e1s, jakou minci hodil westernov\u00fd hrdina na barov\u00fd pult za sklenku whisky nebo d\u017eb\u00e1nek p\u011bniv\u00e9ho piva?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A jist\u011b jste si v\u0161imli, \u017ee se hrdina zpravidla nept\u00e1, kolik pit\u00ed dostane, ani nehled\u00e1 cen\u00edk. Barman s\u00e1m nalije n\u00e1poj, ani\u017e by cokoli nam\u00edtal, a p\u0159ijme minci za platbu nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 nomin\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty, a tak\u00e9 nikdy nevrac\u00ed drobn\u00e9 zp\u011bt.<\/p>\n

Dv\u011b kategorie saloon\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edm vysv\u011btlen\u00edm je, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina tehdej\u0161\u00edch saloon\u016f byla rozd\u011blena na jedno a dvoubitov\u00e9 podniky. Ty \u00fa\u010dtovali jeden bit (12,5 centu) za sklenici piva, sklenici whisky nebo doutn\u00edk, nebo 2 bity (25 cent\u016f) za stejnou v\u011bc. Z\u00e1kazn\u00edci jednobitov\u00e9ho saloonu by hodili \u010dtvr\u0165\u00e1k dolaru na pult, a bu\u010f by dostali nazp\u00e1tek \u201ekr\u00e1tk\u00fd bit\u201c (10 cent\u016f), nebo by utratili zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 12,5 centu za sv\u016fj dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1kup.<\/p>\n

Zde je t\u0159eba vyjasnit, \u017ee mince 12,5 cent\u016f (1\/8 dolaru) neexistovala, \u0161lo o d\u011bdictv\u00ed z koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010das\u016f, kdy byl \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fd dolar v ob\u011bhu v anglick\u00fdch severoamerick\u00fdch koloni\u00edch, a jeho\u017e hodnota byla 1\/8 \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho re\u00e1lu. Takov\u00fd dolar se naz\u00fdval \u201ebit\u201c (anglicky mal\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st n\u011b\u010deho). S p\u0159ijet\u00edm n\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u011bny USA zmizely \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 dolary z ob\u011bhu, ale n\u00e1zev z\u016fstal.<\/p>\n

Rozp\u011bt\u00ed cen<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dan DeQuille (William Wright) ve sv\u00e9 knize \u201eBig Bonanza\u201c z roku 1876 (historie st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch dol\u016f v Nevad\u011b), popisuje jednu ud\u00e1lost, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 z\u00e1kazn\u00edk ve\u0161el do dvoubitov\u00e9ho saloonu, a vypil sklenici whisky, za kterou zaplatil 10 cent\u016f. Kdy\u017e barman nam\u00edtal, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o dvoubitov\u00fd podnik, klient odpov\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee toto whisky podle chuti odpov\u00edd\u00e1 pouze jednobitov\u00e9mu podniku.<\/p>\n

Ceny se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b navz\u00e1jem velmi li\u0161ily, v z\u00e1vislosti na regionu a dob\u011b.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad tradi\u010dn\u00ed cena za l\u00e1hev levn\u00e9 whisky v kovbojsk\u00e9m saloonu byla dva bity (25 cent\u016f). (Kansas City Post Gazette, 3. b\u0159ezna 1886, s. 6.) Lihoviny se nal\u00e9valy do mal\u00e9 sklenice, kter\u00e1 obvykle obsahovala 1\/4 pinty (118 ml) a st\u00e1la jen 5 cent\u016f.<\/p>\n

Tyto ceny mohly b\u00fdt ve m\u011bstech nebo u zn\u00e1m\u00fdch zna\u010dek lihovin mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad l\u00e1hev obl\u00edben\u00e9ho brandy by mohla st\u00e1t 3 dolary. L\u00e1hev kvalitn\u00ed whisky ve slu\u0161n\u00e9m hotelu mohl st\u00e1t a\u017e 2 dolary.<\/p>\n

V dubnu 1877 otev\u0159el Ellis Albert \u201eAl\u201c Swiringen \u201edivadlo\u201c v hornick\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Deadwood, kter\u00e9 slou\u017eilo jako z\u00e1st\u011brka pro nev\u011bstinec. V tomto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u017eeny \u00fa\u010dtovaly sv\u00fdm z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed poplatky – 10 cent\u016f za tanec, 20 cent\u016f za pivo a 1 dolar za l\u00e1hev v\u00edna.<\/p>\n

Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed na Alja\u0161ce (v dob\u011b zlat\u00e9 hore\u010dky) st\u00e1la \u201eprav\u00e1\u201c whisky asi 25 cent\u016f za 1\/4 pinty, zat\u00edmco \u201ehuk\u201c, tj dom\u00e1c\u00ed p\u00e1lenka v \u017eargonu indi\u00e1n\u016f Chinook, se prod\u00e1vala jen za 40 cent\u016f za galon, ale p\u0159i jeho pit\u00ed riskoval klient slepotu.<\/p>\n

M\u00edchan\u00e9 n\u00e1poje<\/strong><\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee pit\u00ed \u010dist\u00e9 whisky, nebo to, \u010demu se na Divok\u00e9m z\u00e1pad\u011b \u0159\u00edkalo whisky, bylo pro slu\u0161n\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka pova\u017eov\u00e1no za n\u011bco jako nevkus, a tak si objednal v saloonu tzv. \u201em\u00edchan\u00fd n\u00e1poj\u201c – nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed koktejl ze 2 nebo 3 ingredienc\u00ed – siln\u00fd alkohol se sirupem, limon\u00e1dou nebo jable\u010dn\u00fdm mo\u0161tem. Cena takov\u00e9ho n\u00e1poje byla tedy o n\u011bco vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e obvykl\u00e1 d\u00e1vka whisky.<\/p>\n

Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch americk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f (\u010dasopis True West Magazine) byly na Divok\u00e9m z\u00e1pad\u011b obl\u00edben\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edchan\u00e9 n\u00e1poje – \u201eWhisky Punch\u201c (oh\u0159\u00edvan\u00e1 whisky s citronovou \u0161\u0165\u00e1vou), \u201eStone Fence\u201c (whisky s mo\u0161tem a ledem) a \u201eTom a Jerry\u201c (brandy, sm\u00edchan\u00e9 s vejci, ml\u00e9kem (vodou) a cukrem). Cena takov\u00fdch sm\u011bs\u00ed nebyla vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 30-40 cent\u016f za porci, v z\u00e1vislosti na kvalit\u011b koktejlov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu.<\/p>\n

A jak\u00e9 byly v\u00fdd\u011blky?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b v 70. a 80. letech 19. stolet\u00ed, v oblastech, kter\u00e9 se po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed do Divok\u00e9ho z\u00e1padu, st\u00e1la pinta piva 10 a\u017e 25 cent\u016f, sklenka 1\/4 pinty whisky od 12,5 do 25 cent\u016f, m\u00edchan\u00e9 n\u00e1poje od 30 do 40 cent\u016f. Oby\u010dejn\u00fd d\u011bln\u00edk s platem 2 $ denn\u011b, si mohl dovolit se op\u00edt pouze jednou t\u00fddn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Jako p\u0159\u00edklad platebn\u00ed schopnosti obyvatel v roce 1881 se pod\u00edvejme na plat pracovn\u00edk\u016f a zam\u011bstnanc\u016f v Arizon\u011b.<\/p>\n

Kov\u00e1\u0159i dost\u00e1val od 4 do 6 dolar\u016f denn\u011b, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed taxa je plat prvot\u0159\u00eddn\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f. Tesa\u0159i dost\u00e1vali 4 a\u017e 5 dolar\u016f denn\u011b; zedn\u00edci a d\u011bln\u00edci na stavb\u00e1ch od 5 do 6 dolar\u016f za den; mechanik od 5 do 6 dolar\u016f denn\u011b; tiska\u0159 od 4 do 5 dolar\u016f denn\u011b; \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci od 50 do 100 USD m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b plus j\u00eddlo; \u0159idi\u010d od 40 do 70 $ za m\u011bs\u00edc plus j\u00eddlo; past\u00fd\u0159i od 30 do 40 $ za m\u011bs\u00edc s j\u00eddlem; zem\u011bd\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed pracovn\u00edci 30 a\u017e 40 $ m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: The resources of Arizona, Prescott, Ariz., 1881<\/p>\n

Obr. Z\u00e1b\u011br z filmu „N\u00e1vrat do budoucnosti – 3“<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nezaj\u00edmalo v\u00e1s, jakou minci hodil westernov\u00fd hrdina na barov\u00fd pult za sklenku whisky nebo d\u017eb\u00e1nek p\u011bniv\u00e9ho piva?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":192,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[37],"class_list":["post-191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-severni-amerika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=191"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":193,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191\/revisions\/193"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/192"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=191"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=191"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}