{"id":1681,"date":"2023-12-10T00:43:48","date_gmt":"2023-12-09T23:43:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=1681"},"modified":"2024-07-30T19:39:28","modified_gmt":"2024-07-30T17:39:28","slug":"cinsti-namornici-objevili-ameriku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2023\/12\/10\/cinsti-namornici-objevili-ameriku\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci objevili Ameriku"},"content":{"rendered":"

70 rok\u016f p\u0159ed Kolumbem?<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u016fkazem toho jsou jejich star\u00e9 mapy.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 mapa z roku 1763 ukazuje podrobn\u011b kontury Severn\u00ed a Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky, Evropy a Afriky.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00fdch map bylo v XVIII. stolet\u00ed vytvo\u0159eno mnoho.<\/p>\n

Ale hlavn\u00ed hodnota t\u00e9to mapy je v nadpisu, z kter\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee byla p\u0159\u00edru\u010dkou pro mo\u0159eplavce \u201ezkop\u00edrovanou kartografem Mo I Tunem z p\u016fvodn\u00ed“, datovan\u00e9 rokem 1418.<\/p>\n

Mapa tedy ukazuje se, \u017ee \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bli o Americe d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed Evropany. V\u017edy\u0165 Kolumbus se plavil do Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta a\u017e v roce 1492.<\/p>\n

\"\"Velik\u00fd admir\u00e1l Che<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tuto mapu z\u00edskal \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd sb\u011bratel Liu Gang v roce 2001 ve staro\u017eitnictv\u00ed v \u0160anghaji za p\u011bt set dolar\u016f.
\n\u201eFr\u00e1ze o tom, \u017ee je zkop\u00edrov\u00e1na z mapy z po\u010d\u00e1tku XV. stolet\u00ed, jsem vid\u011bl, ale nep\u0159ikl\u00e1dal jsem mu \u017e\u00e1dnou d\u016fle\u017eitost \u2013 myslel sem si, \u017ee je to proto, aby to m\u011blo v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hodnotu.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee v t\u00e9 dob\u011b v \u010c\u00edn\u011b \u017eil velk\u00fd admir\u00e1l \u010ceng Che (2), kter\u00fd opravdu uskute\u010dnil n\u011bkolik cest na pokyn panovn\u00edk\u016f dynastie Ming.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed historici se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee v \u010dele flotily 300 lod\u00ed s pos\u00e1dkou o stu mu\u017e\u00edch v ka\u017ed\u00e9, tento admir\u00e1l prozkoumal pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Ameriky, ji\u017en\u00ed Asie a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Afriky.<\/p>\n

A mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee nebyl prvn\u00edm \u010c\u00ed\u0148anem, kter\u00fd se vydal touto cestou – je d\u016fvod se domn\u00edvat, \u017ee m\u011bl n\u011bjak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed star\u00e9 mapy.<\/p>\n

Ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd d\u016fkaz sb\u011bratel Liu nem\u00e1 – jen nadpis, \u017ee mapa z XVIII. stolet\u00ed, kterou m\u00e1, byla zkop\u00edrovan\u00e1 ze star\u0161\u00edho origin\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed budou odborn\u00edci zkoumat, zda n\u00e1pis na map\u011b souhlas\u00ed s pravopisem a gramatikou \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho jazyka XV. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u011b\u0159te tomu nebo ne<\/strong><\/p>\n

Verzi, podle kter\u00e9 se prvn\u00ed dostali do Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9, horliv\u011b podporuje americk\u00fd historik, kapit\u00e1n americk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva v d\u016fchodu Gavin Mensies (3), autor knihy „1421: Rok objeven\u00ed sv\u011bta \u010c\u00ednou“ (1421: The Year China Discovered the World)<\/p>\n

Podle n\u011bj \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 dokonce ud\u011blali cestu kolem sv\u011bta v letech 1421 – 1423.<\/p>\n

Jako d\u016fkazy historik uv\u00e1d\u00ed skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee prvn\u00ed evrop\u0161t\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00edci Ameriky napsali, \u017ee domorodci um\u011bli p\u011bstovat r\u00fd\u017ei, chovali \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 ku\u0159ata a m\u011bli v\u00fdrobky z porcel\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n

S t\u00edm nesouhlas\u00ed \u010dlen Rusk\u00e9 geografick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, specialista na \u010c\u00ednu a Tibet, Alexander Selva\u010dev:
\n\u201eJe snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed uv\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee prvn\u00edmi, kdo se do Ameriky dostali, byli Vikingov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b Atlantiku je kontinent mnohem bl\u00ed\u017e, ne\u017e p\u0159es Tich\u00fd oce\u00e1n \u2013 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci \u010ceng Ho museli p\u0159eplout t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159etinu obvodu zem\u011bkoule.<\/p>\n

A Tich\u00fd oce\u00e1n je klidn\u00fd jen podle jm\u00e9na – vich\u0159ice a bou\u0159e se zde vyskytuj\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017e v jin\u00fdch regionech. A arm\u00e1da 300 lod\u00ed by utrp\u011bla u\u017e v prvn\u00edm t\u00fddnu plavby.<\/p>\n

Ale v historii jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 chyby.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad, dlouhou dobu se myslelo, \u017ee prvn\u00ed mapu Madagaskaru vytvo\u0159il Vasco Da Gama, a pak se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee ostrov byl prozkoum\u00e1n F\u00e9ni\u010dany o 2000 let d\u0159\u00edve.\u201c<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d zapomn\u011bli na Antarktidu?<\/p>\n

Na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 map\u011b je dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1hada – zobrazen\u00ed Antarktidy.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d ta nep\u0159it\u00e1hla pozornost v\u011bdc\u016f?<\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee v XVI. \u2013 XVII. stolet\u00ed na evropsk\u00fdch map\u00e1ch tento kontinent je zobrazen velmi \u010dasto – i kdy\u017e jeho kontury na r\u016fzn\u00fdch map\u00e1ch jsou velmi rozd\u00edln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed to historici vysv\u011btluj\u00ed takto: bohu\u017eel, kartografov\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee na ji\u017en\u00ed polokouli mus\u00ed existovat n\u011bjak\u00fd kontinent, aby „vyrovnal“ velk\u00e9 plochy sou\u0161e na severu.<\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee nyn\u00ed se tomuto kontinentu na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 map\u011b nep\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1 velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n

Ov\u0161em, pokud se uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee mapa skute\u010dn\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed do XV. stolet\u00ed, mnoho z novodob\u00e9 historie by m\u011blo b\u00fdt p\u0159ehodnoceno.<\/p>\n

\u010ct\u011bte: Obepluli \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 Zemi v roce 1421? \u2013 Z\u00e1hady a zaj\u00edmavosti (ZaZ) (zahadyazajimavosti.cz)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%8Ceng_Che<\/a> <\/em>
\n(2) http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gavin_Menzies<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

70 rok\u016f p\u0159ed Kolumbem?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":286,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[41,49,87],"class_list":["post-1681","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-archeologie","tag-asie","tag-cina"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1681","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1681"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1681\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2953,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1681\/revisions\/2953"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/286"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1681"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1681"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1681"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}