{"id":1664,"date":"2023-11-26T00:35:49","date_gmt":"2023-11-25T23:35:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=1664"},"modified":"2024-05-17T00:20:59","modified_gmt":"2024-05-16T22:20:59","slug":"zahadne-obrazce-blizkeho-vychodu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2023\/11\/26\/zahadne-obrazce-blizkeho-vychodu\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 obrazce Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho V\u00fdchodu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tis\u00edce obrovsk\u00fdch starov\u011bk\u00fdch staveb z kamene jsou dob\u0159e viditeln\u00e9 ze vzduchu.<\/strong>
\nJejich st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se odhaduje na tis\u00edce let a jejich \u00fa\u010del z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nezn\u00e1m\u00fd. Tyto z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 tvary kol a rovn\u00e9 linie se t\u00e1hnou od S\u00fdrie a\u017e po Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bii. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed badatel\u00e9 tuto oblast naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed bl\u00edzkov\u00fdchodn\u00ed verz\u00ed lini\u00ed Nazca.<\/p>\n

Teprve ned\u00e1vno se archeolog\u016fm poda\u0159ilo s pomoc\u00ed satelitn\u00edch sn\u00edmk\u016f prozkoumat tuto oblast podrobn\u011bji.<\/p>\n

Od spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed slu\u017eby Google Earth v roce 2005 za\u010dali archeologov\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat satelitn\u00ed sn\u00edmky, zejm\u00e9na od roku 2007, kdy byly postupn\u011b p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1ny sn\u00edmky s vysok\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm. D\u00edky tomu je nyn\u00ed v n\u011bkter\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch – zejm\u00e9na v Jord\u00e1nsku, S\u00fdrii a Libanonu – rozli\u0161en\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f obecn\u011b dostate\u010dn\u011b vysok\u00e9 pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed spolehliv\u00fdch plo\u0161n\u00fdch archeologick\u00fdch pr\u016fzkum\u016f.<\/p>\n

Na lokalit\u011b \u0160uvaj-mas ji\u017en\u011b od Hajilu v Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed zm\u00edn\u011bna ani ve vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Cambridge Illustrated History of Prehistoric Art z roku 1998, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed jedna ze \u010dty\u0159 nejlep\u0161\u00edch sb\u00edrek starov\u011bk\u00e9ho skaln\u00edho um\u011bn\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b. Najdeme zde \u010detn\u00e9 starov\u011bk\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 draky, mohyly a chvosty.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. 1 Arabsk\u00fd poloostrov: Tmav\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry jsou zbytky kamenn\u00fdch zd\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou na zemi sotva viditeln\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. 2 V oblasti Harrat Chajbar v Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii v\u0161ak maj\u00ed „draci“ zcela jin\u00e9 tvary – p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm „\u010dtvercov\u00e1 kapsa“ a „ostnat\u00fd \u0161\u00edp“ – a na n\u00edzk\u00fdch st\u011bn\u00e1ch mnoha z nich jsou patrn\u00e9 rovn\u00e9 linie, co\u017e vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky pro archeology.<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto n\u00edzk\u00fdch kamenn\u00fdch zd\u00ed – mnoh\u00e9 z nich archeologov\u00e9 uvnit\u0159 Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie ji\u017e dlouho znaj\u00ed – jsou nov\u011b viditeln\u00e9 z jak\u00e9hokoli po\u010d\u00edta\u010de na sv\u011bt\u011b. Sn\u00edmky ve vysok\u00e9m rozli\u0161en\u00ed odhaluj\u00ed ohromn\u011b zachoval\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti v d\u00e1vn\u00e9 minulosti.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. 3 V oblasti Al-Hajit maj\u00ed obrazce ve tvaru kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch d\u00edrek a jak\u00fdchsi p\u0159\u00edv\u011bsk\u016f r\u016fznou velikost – od n\u011bkolika metr\u016f a\u017e po des\u00edtky metr\u016f. \u010casto se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 pod\u00e9l „alej\u00ed“, kter\u00e9 jsou pro stavitele modern\u00edch d\u00e1lnic neviditeln\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr.4 Kdo a za jak\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem tyto struktury vytvo\u0159il?<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"
\nObr.5 Kdy\u017e ve dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed p\u0159el\u00e9tali piloti britsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho letectva nad severn\u00ed Harrat Harrah, byli ohromeni mno\u017estv\u00edm a rozmanitost\u00ed archeologick\u00fdch poz\u016fstatk\u016f viditeln\u00fdch v t\u00e9to drsn\u00e9, \u0159\u00eddce os\u00eddlen\u00e9 krajin\u011b.<\/em><\/p>\n

V Jord\u00e1nsku jsou podobn\u00e9 stavby viditeln\u00e9 i ze vzduchu. Bedu\u00edni \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee tyto stavby a zdi jsou „d\u00edlem star\u00fdch lid\u00ed“.<\/p>\n

Ve vyprahl\u00e9 pou\u0161tn\u00ed krajin\u011b, stovky kilometr\u016f od jak\u00e9hokoli m\u00edsta, se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed tis\u00edce a tis\u00edce d\u016fmysln\u00fdch kamenn\u00fdch kol, kter\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku a\u017e 70 metr\u016f a jsou viditeln\u00e1 pouze z oblohy.<\/p>\n

Letec Percy Maitland zdokumentoval p\u0159\u00edtomnost t\u011bchto z\u00e1hadn\u00fdch staveb v \u010dl\u00e1nku pro archeologick\u00fd \u010dasopis Antiquity v roce 1927. z\u016fst\u00e1valy do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry utajeny a\u017e do 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed, kdy je p\u0159i studiu star\u00fdch pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed z Jord\u00e1nska spat\u0159il ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed Dr. David Kennedy, nyn\u00ed profesor klasiky a starov\u011bk\u00e9 historie na Z\u00e1padoaustralsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b. Od poloviny 90. let vedl Dr. Kennedy projekt leteck\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na dokumentaci jord\u00e1nsk\u00fdch archeologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165. „Tyto stavby jsou z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti nezn\u00e1m\u00e9,“ \u0159ekl. „\u010casto nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 z t\u011bchto staveb ze zem\u011b vid\u011bt. Nebo vid\u00edte jen zm\u011b\u0165 balvan\u016f, kter\u00e9 ned\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd smysl. Ale kdy\u017e vyjedete nahoru na malou vzd\u00e1lenost, jsou mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9.“<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr.6 Ob\u0159\u00ed kamenn\u00e9 stavby tvo\u0159\u00ed tvary kol s paprsky, kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto rozb\u00edhaj\u00ed dovnit\u0159. Zde shluk kol v o\u00e1ze Azrak. Credit: David D. Boyer APAAME_20080925_DDB-0237<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr.7 Detailn\u00ed z\u00e1b\u011br jednoho z tajemn\u00fdch kruh\u016f. Kredit: David D. Boyer APAAME_20080925_DDB-0257<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr.8 Tato kresba odhaluje r\u016fzn\u00e9 tvary, kter\u00e9 tyto struktury mohou m\u00edt. Kredit: Stafford Smith<\/em><\/p>\n

St\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kamenn\u00fdch kruh\u016f nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo. Jsou star\u00e9 nejm\u00e9n\u011b 2000 let, ale mohly b\u00fdt postaveny a\u017e p\u0159ed 9000 lety.<\/p>\n

Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s kresbami Nazca v peru\u00e1nsk\u00e9 pou\u0161ti – kter\u00e9 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ji\u017e z roku 400 n.l., jejich po\u010det se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 na stovky a jejich maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka je asi 270 metr\u016f – jsou obrazce na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a mnohem star\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

„Tato sope\u010dn\u00e1 l\u00e1vov\u00e1 pole jsou t\u00edm posledn\u00edm m\u00edstem, kde byste podobn\u00e9 struktury o\u010dek\u00e1vali,“<\/em> \u0159ekl doktor Kennedy. „Zdej\u0161\u00ed krajina nen\u00ed pohostinn\u00e1. Vypad\u00e1 bez\u00fat\u011b\u0161n\u011b a pust\u011b. Jsou tak neobvykl\u00e9.“<\/em><\/p>\n

V Jord\u00e1nsku bylo nalezeno nejm\u00e9n\u011b 3 000 struktur a ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum doktora Kennedyho zdokumentoval t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 2 000 struktur v Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii.<\/p>\n

Jak je vid\u011bt, v r\u016fzn\u00fdch regionech existuje obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed, rozmanitost a formy postav. Bohu\u017eel st\u00e1le existuje mnoho nezodpov\u011bzen\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek. Nev\u00edme, pro\u010d byly postaveny. Nev\u00edme ani, kdy byly postaveny a k\u00fdm…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tis\u00edce obrovsk\u00fdch starov\u011bk\u00fdch staveb z kamene jsou dob\u0159e viditeln\u00e9 ze vzduchu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":450,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[41,49,81],"class_list":["post-1664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-archeologie","tag-asie","tag-geoglyfy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1664","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1664"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1664\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1673,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1664\/revisions\/1673"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1664"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1664"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1664"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}